Kupatsanura nzira mupfungwa tsvakurudzo musayenzi yemazuva

sainzi ose anoshandisa vamwe nzira kuferefeta, izvo rakakamurwa vakawanda nzira kuti anowanzoramba sciences vakawanda, uye kongiri, izvo anoshandiswa sayenzi nomumwe. Kupatsanura nzira mupfungwa tsvakurudzo akagadzirirwa marongerwo uye kuronga nzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa tiite zvepfungwa issledovaniy.Obschenauchnye nzira zvinoshandiswa zvinenge zvose sayenzi. izvi OV Klimenko nevamwe zvinosanganisira:

1) Ongororo - the dismemberment kubva kutanga musi munhu ehupfumi kana ukama;

2) kwetunhu - remubatanidzwa dzakasiyana zvenyaya mapato, chinhu ehupfumi munyika chete isangano;

3) induction - wechinhu inonzwisisika inference nenzira Somuenzaniso, kubva Kutsaura zvachose paMharidzo munhu chokwadi kuti generalize;

4) yaanobhadhara - inference kubva mukuru kusvika kunyanya kubva zvinonakisa mutongo kunyanya mhedziso;

5) Modelling - the yokutsiva chaidzo chinhu yokudzidza chidzidzo-chinotsiva (womuenzaniso), iro rine features, kubatana, shamwari, chinhu kuitwa kudzidza;

6) tsvagai nzira - the nomination kwakavakirwa yaanobhadhara musayenzi zvekungofungira kuti kutsanangura zvimwe zvinoshamisa mumatenga;

7) humwe hurongwa nzira - chokuita kuvakwa zvemamiriro ezvinhu interconnections anoumba chinhu;

8) asagadzirazve munhu - pfungwa uye kugadzirisa zvakavapo;

9) yokungotaura chesayenzi nzira.

The chikuru nzira mupfungwa tsvakurudzo dzinosanganisira:

a) kwetunhu - mupfungwa achichinja kubva empirical kuongorora munhu vanovengwa yakakwirira pamwero abstraction ndeyokuwana nevakawanda features, zviri vaiona chinhu;

b) formalization - kufungisisa nzira kunoguma chaiwo mafungiro pfungwa kwakunoitwa Masvomhu kana kwokufananidzira chimiro, etc.

c) abstraction - nzira nesayenzi ruzivo, kwakavakirwa paumbwe mufananidzo chaiwo chinhu achishandisa pfungwa ndoga chinhu kuti vaifarira vaongorori.

Nzira dzinoshandiswa mupfungwa uye munzanga zvidzidzo zvinogona kukamurwa 4 mapoka:

Organizational metody.Empiricheskie (issedovatelskie) .Metody Statistical obrabotki.Obyasnitelnye nzira (nzira dudziro) .Klassifikatsiya mupfungwa tsvakurudzo nzira, iyo inosanganisira tsika yesangano, kusanganisira:

a) okufananidza (nzira pamuchinjikwa Zvikamu) ndechokuti musangano kutsvakurudza, tora mapoka akasiyana nyaya maererano siyana zvinodiwa (kwakavakirwa zera, mamiriro kudzidziswa uye dzidzo), uye ipapo kuitisa tsvakurudza uye mashoko vari zvichienzaniswa mune mapoka dzakasarudzwa nomumwe chokuratidza;

b) munhu longitudinal nzira - munhu longitudinal kudzidza kudzidza refu umwechete nyaya;

c) kunzwisisa nzira. Empirical (tsvakurudzo) dzinoshandiswa pakati nzira yokuwana mashoko yesayenzi.

Empirical Nzira mumagariro mupfungwa tsvakurudzo kunosanganisira kutora ruzivo kuburikidza pakuongorora, kuedza, bvunzo. Observation achingoraramira uye akarongeka kugamuchira pfungwa mananara uye kunoda vaongorori:

1) Pfungwa zvinangwa;

2) mufanidzo akakwidza urongwa - kutevedzana kwezviitiko aivapo;

3) kugadzira chirongwa nekuonekwa;

4) kukosha kuva kwegadziriro ongororo;

5) Kuda kutamba nekuonekwa Data;

6) The Statistical kubudiswa, ongororo uye tsananguro migumisiro yose pakuongorora. Observation anogona nevanopinda uye unincorporated, wokunze uye yomukati, zvakavanzika uye akazaruka.

Somuenzaniso, kubudikidza vachiongorora uwandu hanya unogona kudzidza zvimwe dzekuchengeta nevakwegura, unhu. Kuedza kwakatosiyana nzira pakuongorora kuti experimenter ave achishingaira tichienzanisa mutsvakurudzi-akazviona. The experimenter anosika zvinhu zvichaita kuti Chiitiko kuti afarira. Kuedza akasiyana bvunzo kuti anoongorora ukama mashoko pamusoro wayo nenyaya, zvichienderana variability pamusoro modalities ayo.

Kuedza inogona rabhoritari uye dzinongoitika zvinoumba uye ascertains. Kupatsanura nzira mupfungwa yokutsvakurudza kunorevawo pachinhu zvokuwedzera dzokudzidzisa, zvinosanganisira: kukurukura, chigadzirwa pachisara mabasa, kubvunzurudza, vachigadzira nemibvunzo, nyanzvi kuongorora nzira, ari zvavo kuzvimirira zvatariswa, oupenyu nzira, sociometry, referentometriyu.

Kupatsanura nzira mupfungwa tsvakurudzo pamusoro rinotsanangura nzira (nzira dudziro) zvinoita kuti govera:

a) majini nzira - anoidza Fani nenzira kwayakatangira uye kukura mune ontogenesis;

b) STRUCTURAL nzira.

Akadaro zvakafanana kupatsanura hurongwa unokubvumira zvinobudirira sarudza chimwe kana rimwe nzira mupfungwa tsvakurudzo kwokuwirirana zviri panguva.