West Russia: tsananguro, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye nhoroondo. Western uye Eastern Russia - History

KuMiddle Ages, Western Russia inosanganisira nzvimbo kaganhurana Hungary, Poland uye Lithuania. Kubva enyika kusabatana munzvimbo ine zvakawanda ukuru, achirwa nomumwe nokuda kutungamirira.

Chikamu Kievan Rus '

Pamberi chidzoke rimwe chete yekare Russian mamiriro pamusoro munharaunda Western Russia rikagara dzemadzinza mibatanidzwa pamusoro Eastern Slavs: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi uye White vokuCroatia. In IX-X emakore. dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa Kiev. Izvi rakapera panguva yaitonga Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia kuchamhembe parutivi Baltic madzinza: Lithuania, Prussia uye Zhmud. Izvi vagere reBaltic pamhenderekedzo kuti kuchinjanisa pamwe Slavs uchi uye rinopenya. Kwekanguva havana iine ngozi Russia. Zvaiva akasimba zvikuru yokumadokero muvakidzani - Umambo wePolish. The necheSalvic vanhu vakabhabhatidzwa netsika Roman. Kusiyana pakati pevaKaturike Orthodox vave mumwe zvinokonzera kusawirirana pakati Russia uye Poland. Muna 981 Vladimir Red Sun akazivisa hondo Prince Mieszko I uye akahwina vanonzi nyika Cherven, iro raiva guta chikuru Przemysl.

In rwezasi yokumadokero Russia akagumisa steppes, vaiva kumusha Turkic vaitaura muArabhu. First kwaiva Pechenegs. Muzana X remakore kuti yatsiviwa Polovtsy. Zvakafanana pakati pavo kwakanga kuti vose inowanzorimwa vakaronga nguva yenzendo kuRussia, achiperekedzwa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye mhirizhonga zvavo.

Nguva enyika kusabatana

Pakafa Yaroslava Mudrogo muna 1054 rakabatana Old Russian Hurumende yakakamurwa anoverengeka zvemisoro. Izvi zvave zvishoma nezvishoma. Mune mamwe machinda Kievan dzakadai Vladimir Monomakh, nyika zvakare inova RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA. Zvisinei, negakava uye agnatic ukuru pakupedzisira vakakamura Russia. Muzana XI remakore chikuru hugota kumadokero Russia aiva Volyn rayo guru muguta Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav chigaro

Pano midzi chigaro akabva Rostislav Vladimirovich - muzukuru Yaroslava Mudrogo of mukuru mutsetse. Tichingotarisa, vamiririri mwana kunyange aiva nekodzero yepamutemo kuna Kiev, asi mu "mai maguta Russian" midzi vamwe Rurik. Pakutanga vana vaigara mudare Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - gavhuna Kiev. Muna 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers ndokupfura kubva Prince Vladimir, uye kwekanguva rwaigara yose.

Pakupedzisira Rostislavichi vakabata Volyn pashure Lyubech Congress muna 1097 uye kwakatevedzana hondo yevagari. Panguva iyoyowo yavo Kuzivikanwa enyika nevamwe maguta maduku munzvimbo (pasina Vladimir uye Przemysl) - Terebovlya uye Dorogobuzh. Muzukuru Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich muna 1140 akabatanidza navo akasika hugota itsva rayo guru muna Galicia uye. vagari varo vachikwegura akapfuma uri munyu kutengeserana vavakidzani vayo. Western Russia yakanga ndezvokuti rakasiyana rizere rwokumusoro-mabvazuva uko Slavs vaigara mumasango pedyo marudzi Finnish.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Kana mwanakomana Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (vakatonga 1153-1187 gg.) Galician kwavabati rwakaona yendarama zera. All munguva yokutonga kwake akaedza kurwisa hegemony pamusoro Kiev uye mubatanidzwa dzaro Vladimir-Volyn. hondo iyi yakaguma kubudirira. Muna 1168, vachitungamirirwa wemasangano wamachinda Andreya Bogolyubskogo akakunda Kiev uye akatengesa nokupamba wake, pashure iro guta haana kuzovazve. Its political kukosha wapera, uye Galich nekusiyana, waiva muzinda Western Russia.

Jaroslav akatungamirira chinoshingaira wokumwe mutemo, vachipinda nokubatana uye achirwa muHungary nePoland. Zvisinei, pamwe rufu Osmomysl Galicia akatanga kukakavara. mwanakomana wake uye mutsivi Vladimir Yaroslavich akabvuma ukuru Rostov Prince Vsevolod Huru Nest. Akatambura Boyar kushorwa uye pakupedzisira vadzingwa guta ravo. Panzvimbo yainzi Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, kuunganidzwa migove miviri yakasimba centralized kwavabati.

Association of Galicia uye Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - kusiyana yapfuura Galich machinda - kwakanyatsobatana muzukuru Vladimira Monomaha. Maererano mai vake, aiva hama raitonga dzinza wePolish. Hazvishamisi kuti mumwe mwana ndakarerwa Krakow.

Pakafa Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman akasvika Galich, pamwechete mauto Polish, chaakanga apiwa namambo - ake shamwari. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1199. Musi uyu anonzi zuva kwezvisikwa rimwe Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. History of Western Russia iyi ndiyo inonakidza interweaving Ages necheSalvic negwaro.

kaviri Roman Mstislavovich akakunda Kiev, asi haana kuwana muchinda wake, uye akaisa pachigaro choushe veko vakatendeka vava poluvassalnoy zvichienderana pake. The guru pahwaro gavhuna Galician kwaiva sangano munhevedzano mishandirapamwe pamusoro Polovtsian, iyo inobata zvose Western uye Eastern Russia. Vachirwa muArabhu, Roman vakaungana kuzobatsira hama dzake dzose kubva kuna Rurik hwedzinza. Pane unconfirmed dzidziso ndechokuti muna 1204, pashure kuwa Constantinople kwaari vakatiza vakatapwa Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

Vachirwira baba vake Daniel nhaka

Roman Mstislavovich akafa muna 1205 mushure kuvhima tsaona. mwanakomana wake Daniel aingova mwana achangoberekwa. Galician boyars vakatora mukana uyu, nokunyima kwaari chigaro. Muupenyu hwake hwose, Daniel akarwa inondimukira vakakwirira, machinda Russian uye vokumadokero nevavakidzani kuti kodzero kudzokera nhaka yababa vake. Raiva rakajeka munguva yakazara ose zviitiko. Yakanga paitonga Daniel Romanovich yakasvika Western Rus wayo zveupfumi uye enyika kubudirira.

Shongwe simba muchinda aiva mukirasi serviceman, uye mumaguta vagari, vaitsigira mutongi aida zvorugare. Mumakore norugare uye kubudirira, Daniel akabatsira kukura nhare itsva uye zvitoro, kuti akwezve enterprising vatengesi uye unyanzvi navapfuri vesimbi. Kana rakavakwa uye Lviv Hill.

Yendarama zera Western Russia

Paaizosvika kuyaruka, muna 1215 mumwe mukomana aiva Muchinda Volyn. nhaka iyi uye akava yayo huru patrimony. Muna 1238, iye pavakazodzokera hugota pamusoro Galich, uye mwedzi mishoma atora Kiev. Pavapenyu kwemasimba itsva chaitadzisa Mongol nechisimba. Kare 1223 vaduku Daniel vari Kuronga necheSalvic muchinda mubatanidzwa muchirongwa Battle of Kalka. Ipapo eMongolia kufanorongwa kutongwa bvuta Polovtsian inowanzorimwa. Kunokunda chingashamwaridzana mauto, vakapararira, asi vakadzoka mukunopera 30-ies. Pakutanga, North-Eastern Russia kunorira. Zvino dzoro nhaka Daniel. Zvisinei, nokuti kuti eMongolia vane chaizvo poistrepali mauto ake, akakwanisa kunzvenga kuparadza kukuru kwakadaro padziva Oka uye Klyazma.

Daniel akaedza kundorwa Mongolian kutyisidzira kuburikidza kupinda nemibatanidzwa Catholic nyika. Kana Galician Rus uye Western Europe taiteerera uye nhumbi pamwe nemumwe. Vachitarisira kubatsira, Daniel kunyange akabvuma kugamuchira youmambo rokuti kubva Pope, uye muna 1254 akava mambo Russia.

simba rake rakanga riri ndima pamwe Poland simba uye Hungary. Panguva apo North-West Russia akatambura kubva Dzorudzidziso, uye kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva eMongolia, Daniel akakwanisa kuchengeta rugare panyika yavo. Akafa muna 1264, vachisiya nhaka huru vana vavo.

The Kuderera uye kurasikirwa rusununguko

Vana nevazukuru Dhanieri akanga asingakwanisi zvematongerwo rusununguko kubva West. Galich uye Volyn nyika yakakamurwa pakati Poland uye Lithuania, vakatora pamusoro vaimbova zvemisoro Russian nokuda dynastic michato, uye pasi chokumupomera kudzivirira kubva eMongolia. Muna 1303 pachake archdiocese, riri pasi kuti Patriarch weConstantinople zvakatanga mudunhu zvakananga.

The kurwisana ne Russia pamusoro kumadokero kwayo vavakidzani kana Poland uye Lithuania vakakamurwa pakati Galicia-Volyn nhaka. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1392. Nokukurumidza, marudzi maviri akasaina mubatanidzwa uye dzinoumba chete Rzeczpospolita. Shoko rokuti "Western Russia" akaita vanova zvekare.