Medieval Castle pamusoro Vyborg history, kero, Festival

Inzwa wakasununguka kuvhara peji ino kana iwe usingafariri muimba yekare, asi pakuvhura zvisikwa. Vyborg iguta rinoshamisa uye nyaya inonakidza zvikuru. Kune zvakawanda zvinofadza, kusanganisira nhare yekare. Tichataura nezvazvo nhasi.

Munharaunda yeLeningrad iri guta iri rinonakidza, iro rine nhoroondo uye zvakavanzika. Vyborg Castle inogona kunzi moyo weguta. Yakange iripo kubvira pakusikwa kwayo. Mushure mokuverenga nyaya ino, iwe zvechokwadi unoda kushanyira Vyborg.

Imba yemauto, seguta racho pachayo, yakazara nemweya weMiddle Ages. Tichazotaura nezvehupfumiro hwayo, pamwe chete nehuno huripo hwemu museum nemitambo inoitwa pano. Nguva dzehurongwa dzinokosha zvakare kune avo vakasarudza kushanyira Vyborg (nhare). Maawa ekushanda kweMusamumusi, kero yaro uye zvingasarudzwa, kuti ungasvika sei, zvichazofungidzirwa zvakare. Uye mifananidzo yakaiswa munyaya ino ichakubatsira iwe kunzwa mweya weMiddle Ages.

Nzira yekuenda sei kuguta

Mubvunzo wekutanga unobva kune avo vari kuronga rwendo ndewokuti: "Aripiko Vyborg Castle (Vyborg), sei ungaenda nayo?" Pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa, chimwe nechimwe chatichakurukura zvakasiyana.

Nzira yekutanga, yekuenda kuguta uye kushanyira nhare yeViborg, ndeye kutora rwendo. Munyaya iyi, haufaniri kufunga kuti ungaronga sei nzira. Rimwe zuva rimwe bhazi rinobva kuSt. Petersburg rinoda kusvika 1300-1500 rubles (kune vapfedzi, vana vechikoro nevadzidzi - 1150-1350). Mabhasi anowanzobva kuDumskaya Street (gare gare "Nevsky Prospekt"). Zviitiko zvinowanzosanganisira kushanyira paki yeMonrepo uye nhare, pamwe nekufamba mumuguta rekare.

Chechipiri chisarudzo ndechokuenda pano nemotokari yega. Kubva kuSt. Petersburg, mugwagwa unotora maawa anenge 1.5, asi kune mukana wekupinda mumigwagwa yemigwagwa.

Imwe nzira ndeyebhazi. Kubva pachiteshi chemasitima "Parnas" vanotumirwa pane imwe hafu yeawa (nzira nhamba 850), uye kubva ku "Devyatkino" - maawa mashanu nehafu. Rwendo runotora maawa akawanda. Itikiti ichakutengesa iwe mabhiriki anopfuura 200 chete.

Iwe unogona kushandisa chitima chekutakura. Nguva yekuenda kwezvitima zvevatengesi inenge maawa maviri, uye mutengo wetikiti anenge anenge mabhiriki 300. Iko kunewo matavi okutsva, iyo nzira inopfupiswa kusvika awa ("Swallow" uye "Allegro"). Vose vanobva kuFinland Station.

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kushambira nechikepe kana yendeji zvakananga kuimba. Zvechokwadi, chikepe chavo hachisi zvachose, asi chinogona kuvakwa. Kune zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana pamutengo, nzira uye nhamba yevanhu muVivborg, uye muSt. Petersburg.

Mugwagwa kuenda kuimba

Ngatitaurirei zvino nezvekuenda kunhare kuViborg kubva kuchiteshi chezvitima (nenzira, bhazi rebhazi riri pedo naro, saka nzira iyi ichasangana nevaya vakauya nebhasi). Kutanga iwe unofanira kuenda kuLeningradsky Prospect (kubva pachiteshi chezvitima kusvika kurudyi). Enda zvakananga-uye iwe uchazviwana uri pamvura yegungwa nemaonero akanaka. Muzhizha, tsime rinotanga kubva mumvura. Mushure mokufamba zvishoma, muchaona nzvimbo huru kuruboshwe. Inowanzotengesa zviyeuchidzo zvakasiyana-siyana (chaizvoizvo, zita racho rinotaura pachako-Market Market). Heino nhare yakakurumbira yakadzika, iyo imwe yezvivakwa zvekare kare muVivborg. Zvisinei, hatingagari pano kwenguva refu. Chinhu chekutanga chekuita ndechekushanyira imba.

Nokukurumidza iwe uchaona shongwe yakakwirira, iyo yaunofamba nayo. Cherechedza kuti hatidi yekutanga, asi yechipiri bhiriji (Nhare), naizvozvo yekutanga inoda kupfuura. Vazhinji vakaroorana vanosvika kuSerf Bridge, saka pano munoona zvakawanda zvekuvhara.

Kubvira pano isu pakupedzisira tinosvika kuChina Island, uko nyika yakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana inotanga isu. Kana iwe usingazovhiringidzi nekutora uye kuyemura guta, rwendo rwemakiromita mashanu rinotora anenge maminitsi makumi maviri.

History of the castle

Zvakakosha kutaura kamwechete kuti imba yeViborg ndiyo chete chivako munyika yedu yeEuropean architecture yeMiddle Ages yakasara kusvikira nhasi. Nhoroondo yekuvakwa kwayo inotanga muna 1293. Zvinotendwa kuti ndiyo ndiyo iyo iyo Vyborg pachayo yakatangwa.

Chitubu muVivborg: nhau

Kutanga kweguta kwakaitika panguva yeChitatu yeChitatu, iyo yakagadzirwa nevaSweden kuti vawane iyo yaive yakagadzirwa naNoggorod Karelian nyika iyo. Munguva yemushandirapamwe, Marshal Torgils Knutsson, mutongi weSweden, akatora kumadokero Karelia. Panharaunda yakatorwa, akarayira kuvaka nhare yakasimba, iyo yaive inozvikudza yeVivborg. Imba yakapfuura yekare yakasimuka panzvimbo iyo Karelian-Novgorod yakasimbiswa iyo yakashandiswa kuva. Marshal akamukunda, mushure mokunge veSweden vakatanga kuvaka nhare.

Kubva panguva iyo, Torgils Knutsson inonzi inofamba nheyo yeguta reVivborg, pamwe neViborg Castle. Kwete kune chinhu chaipo pedyo nekupedzisira, pamatare eThe Old Town Hall, akavaka chivako. Zvisinei, inofanira kutaurirwa kuti vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanobvunzurudza chokwadi chekuti marshal akabatanidzwa pachake mumushandirapamwe, kunyange ndiye iye akaronga kuendesa Karelia.

Vanhu veSweden vakasarudza nzvimbo yenhare iyo kubudirira zvikuru: gomo rechitsuwa, dombo regranite. Chigaro chechitsuwa chacho chakapawo chigumbuso chemvura, saka iwe haugoni kugadzira moat. Kwemakore mazana mana anotevera, nhare yeViborg yakava mutsigiri wevaSweden paKarelian Isthmus. Akanga akaderera pasi peStockholm uye nechekuita nemauto kuArthurholm uye aive neKalmar Castle.

The etymology yezita rokuti "Vyborg"

Izvo chaizvoizvo hazvizivikanwi nezveetymology yezita reguta uye nhare. "Vyborg", maererano neshanduro huru, "fortress kuGulf" kana kuti "nhare tsvene". Ndiyo shanduro yemazuva ano iyo yakawanda kwazvo, sekunyorwa kwaMambo Birger kunonzi pamusoro pekuvakwa kwetembere mukuremekedza Wekumusoro-soro neMhandara Yakaropafadzwa.

Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuvaka

Pakutanga kwekuvaka, imba yeViborg yaiva nenhare yakasimba yakafukidza nzvimbo yose yakakwirira yechitsuwa. Pakati pebhandi pakange pane guru guru rezadrangular reSt. Olaf (rinoratidzwa pamusoro apa). Yakatumidzwa zita raAlaf II, mumwe wevatsvene vairemekedzwa zvikuru muScandinavia, mambo weNorway, mubhabhatidzi uye murwisana nemhedheni. Iyi shongwe yakanga isina nzira yakabatana nemasvingo eimba. Akange ari dhijon akamira ari oga pakati. Nenzira, dongo iri panguva iyoyo raiva rakakwirira kupfuura ose muScandinavia. Muchitsime cheShongwe yeSt. Olaf vakachengeta vasungwa uye vakachengetedza zvinhu, uye pamusana wechipiri maiva nemakamuri ehurumende pamwe nevanopinda. Yaiva pano iyo mambo weSweden akagara paaifamba kuguta.

Zvokuchera matongo zvakaratidza kuti ukuru hwemasvingo eShongwe Olaf yaiva mamita mana, uye Fortborg Fortress - 1.5-2 mamita. Iko huni hwehuni hunoenderera mberi nechepakati peimba yeimba yakasimba (iyo inonzi yakarwisana nechiteshi kana kuti patrol way). Pamusoro pechitsuwa chacho, chakachengetedzwa nemadziro aya, zvivako zvekutanga zveViborg zvakasikwa. Vagari vomuguta vakakurumidza kukura, uye Castle Island yakanga isisipo. Vyborg yakasimuka ichienda kunharaunda, kusvika kune cape, iri kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwechidimbu.

Kuedza kudzorera guta racho

VaNogorodians vakaedza kutora nhare ndokuwanazve nyika dzakarasika muna 1294 na1322, asi kuedza uku hakuna kubudirira, pasinei nekuti muna 1322 kurwiswa kwakaitwa nenzira inofambira mberi (makamba ekucheka mabwe akashandiswa). Muganhu uri pakati peSweden neNovegorod nyika mu Orekhovo Peace, yakaguma muna 1323, yakapfuura nomugungwa Sestra. Umambo hweSweden hwakagamuchira chikamu chekumadokero cheKarelian Isthmus.

Nhare yeKarl Knutsson nevatsigiri vake

Panzvimbo yenhare muzana remakore rechi15 (apo Carl Knutsson aiva gavhuna), zvivako zvekugara zvakadzika pasi zvakakwirira zvakaonekwa. Vakaguma nehondo yakavhara yekutenderera kumativi akatarisana neguta uye bhiriji. Panenge panguva imwe chete, Shoemaker's Tower yakagadzirwa. Panguva yekutonga kwaKar Knutsson, nhare yakawana ukuru hwakanaka uye gloss. Zvitsva zvitsva zvakavakwa, makamuri emitambo yezvirairo nemitambo, dzimba dzemagwatidziro dzakagadziridzwa, denga rechitatu reimba huru rakagadzirwazve, iro raimbove rinongotarisirwa kuti ridzivirire.

Pano kuvaka hakuna kupera. Mushure mokunge Karl Knutsson asiya muimba, basa rakaramba richienderera mberi nevatsigiri vake - Eric Tott naSten Sture. Panguva ino, nhare yakaramba ichishandiswa gavhuna, pamwe chete nechepakati pehutungamiri uye hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika yeViborg. Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumaodzanyemba kwakagadzirwa neParadhiso Tower - yekutanga yevasvingo muimba (yakaratidzwa pamusoro). Zvimiso zvepairi zvakaonekwa munzvimbo yayo. Masvingo eto shongwe yeSt. Olaf akachekwa kubva mukati nepamapuranga emapuranga, uye chivanze chekumusoro cheimba yacho chakanga chakavezwa nebwe.

Contribution yaEric Tott

Musoro wenhare mukati mezana remakore rechi15 Erik Tott, uye ipapo goro rechina reimba huru rakashandurwa rikava remba. Akaonekwa uye pasi rechishanu, yakatarirwa kudzivirirwa. Tott panguva yekuvakwa kweimba yacho yakashandisa tsika dzekuvaka dzimba dzakagadzirirwa muNorthern Europe. Pamberi pemoto unowanzopisa wakaparadza kukudzwa kweimba, chimiro chawo uye maitiro aive mumutauro weRenaissance yekutanga. Tott yakapoteredza Vyborg ine rusvingo rwematombo rine shongwe (pane peninsula iri pamberi penhare). Nokudaro, Shongwe yeVivborg yakatora zvishoma nezvishoma nzvimbo yekare yenhare. The Town Hall Tower, pamwe chete neRwand Round One, ndiyo chete inhengo dzayo dzakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi.

"Vyborg Kutinhira"

Vyborg munaSeptember 1495 yakashamiswa nechiitiko chakakwira munhoroondo se "Vyborg kutinhira". Hondo yeRusso-Swedish yakatanga gore rino chete, uye Ivan III akasarudza kutumira mauto ake kuti atambudze Chiteshi cheVivborg. Kwenguva yekutanga, mazai makuru-caliber akashandiswa kuparadza masvingo. Iyi shongwe mbiri dzakagumburwa, dzisingakwanisi kumira kurwisana, uye mune imwe dzakagadzirisa. VaSweden, pasi pekutungamirirwa nemukuru mukuru Knut Posse, vakamira kukombwa, pasinei nekushandiswa kwemazuva ano emichina yeRussia uye nhamba yavo yakakwirira. Maererano neimwe shanduro, mutungamiriri wemauto akarayira vanhu vake kuti vaise moto mupisanganisi wehupfu (zvichida mapuranga eti), ndokubva aparadza dzimwe dzimba dzakasimba. Utsi nekutinhira kwekutinhira kwakavhiringidza vasekete, uye vakadzoka zvakare.

Kukomba kubva muguta kwakabviswa, mauto ehondo akakurumidza kumira. Uye pamusoro pe "Vyborg blast" yakatanga kuita nharo. Knut Posse kunyange inonzi maitiro emashiripiti. Semuenzaniso, zvakanzi munguva yekukomba akarova "hellish potion" mune guru guru. Ikoko kwakanga kunewo shanduro iyo apo mauto eSweden aida kuisa maoko avo, Andreevsky akayambuka kamwe kamwe mudenga. Vanhu vokuRussia vakanga vachitya pakuona kwake uye vakatendeuka. Imwe fantastic version inotaura kuti kwaiva nehavha "Smellen" muguta, iro rakaita kurira kukuru sezvo muvengi akauya.

Kuenderera mberi kwekuvaka

Iyo shongwe huru muna 1564 yakava matanhi manomwe (kare yaimbova nechepasi pekona chikamu). Chikamu chepamusoro zvino chine octagonal fomu ne cannon loopholes inodzwa mumasvingo. Kutenda kumatunhu aya zvaive zvichikwanisa kuenderera mberi-ye-clock kupfura. Cherechedza kuti muchivako chemujeri panguva ino chakatanga kushandiswa matanda.

Maererano neStolbov Peace, yakaguma muna 1617, muganhu wezvinhu zveSweden zvakapfuurira zvakanyanya munyika yeNovgorod. Muganhu uye kukosha kwechiuto kweguta reVivborg zvakaderedzwa, saka imba yakashandiswa sejeri. Nharaunda yeguta kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18 yaiva yevaSweden. Panguva ino, imba yakasimbiswa ikapedzwa.

Vyborg mushure mekutorwa kweguta naPeter I

Peter I mushure mekunge kukomba nekuputika kwenguva refu kwakatora Vyborg June 3, 1710 Asi veSweden vakanga vasiri kukurumidza kubva muguta. ChiSwidi chinowanikwa muViborg kusvikira muzana remakore rechi19.

Guta racho neViborg Castle mushure mekutapwa kwemauto eRussia zvakaparadzwa. Mamiriro avo aishungurudza. Pakazoti Rugare rweNystadt, rwakasayirwa muna 1721 , pakupedzisira rwakabatanidza miganhu, upenyu hune rugare hwakatanga kuumbwa muVivborg. Basa guru rokudzorera rakatanga kuitika muimba. Asi muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi18 akazviwana ari pakati pemasvingo eAneni neHome Fortress, zvivimbiso zvekudzivirira, uye naizvozvo akarasikirwa nehutano hwekare hwechiuto. Ivha yacho yaishandiswa kugadzirisa musasa weRussia.

Uyezve nhoroondo yeguta racho yakanga yakaomawo. Akaenda kuFinnns muna 1918, asi panguva yehondo yeRusso-Finnish (1939-1940) akatorwa nemauto eSoviet. Asi makore mashomanana gare gare, pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Vyborg zvakare akatamira kuFinland.

Zvadaro, kubva muna 1944, yakanga iri yekutanga kuU.SR, uye zvakare kuRussia. Parizvino, pachitsuwa ichi ane nhare ndiyo State Museum "Vyborg Castle". Yakatangwa musi waJuly 13, 1960. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, vashandi veku museum vaifanira kusangana nematambudziko. Ichokwadi ndechokuti shongwe, iri pamucheto wedombo, yakatanga kugadzirisa. Chimwe chikonzero cheizvi zvinokonzerwa nemhepo, uye imwe inotyisa motokari. Pari zvino, dambudziko rakagadzirirwa.

Tichakuudza zvino izvo zvinofadza kuona muimba.

The Tower of St. Olav

Vatashanyi vanowana manzwiro akawanda kubva pakwira pamusoro pebasa iri. Kuti iwe ukwire, unofanirwa kukunda matanho 239 emakerere mashomanana akakwana. Izvi zvinoda kumwe kugadzirira muviri, asi mubairo haungakuchengetedzi iwe kumirira, saka enda mberi! Kumuka, unogona kudada maonero anowanikwa kubva kumahwindo. Pamusoro-soro uchawana maonero anoshamisa eji uye guta.

Unogona kudarika shongwe kubva kumativi ose. Iwe uchaona guta rine mavakirwo aro anofadza, asina kujairika kuRussia. Denga redzimba dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba ruvara rweViborg. Iwe unogona kuona kubva pano neTransfiguration Cathedral, uye mushivha weawa, nezvimwe zvinonakidza.

Museum "Vyborg Castle"

Kushanyirwa kuratidzwa kwemu museum ino, iwe uchaenda kwakadzika munhoroondo yorugare uye yehondo yenharaunda yacho, muupenyu hwevagari vemo, uye zvakare kudzidza zvakazara pamusoro pekuvakwa kweimba. Pano iwe uchawana kuunganidza tsika dzekutora, sezvo guta racho kwenguva yakareba rakanga riri muganhu. Chimiro cheKarelian Isthmus, umo Vyborg chiripo, chinopihwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakaratidzwa. Mamwe mapoka anokosha emuyu museum ndiwo mafananidzo nemifananidzo yakaitwa naVV Kozlov uye LA Dietrich, ceramics uye numismatic collection.

Zviratidzo zvenguva pfupi nemitambo

Hakusi chete zviratidzo zvekupedzisira zvinoratidzwa pano, asi zviratidzo zvenguva pfupi zvinobatwawo. Semuenzaniso, kamwechete mumusitamende nzvimbo yekutambudza yakaiswa. Zvechokwadi, sangano iri ndiro spooky, asi chiratidziro ichi chave nekubudirira kwakakura pakati pevashanyi.

Kazhinji kufamba uye mapurogiramu anopindirana anorongeka munharaunda yeimba. Somuenzaniso, mitambo yegore negore yemhemberero, kusanganisira mitambo yeigight, inonyanyozivikanwa. Muimba yemazuva ano, kunyanya mweya weMiddle Ages inonzwika, semuzinda wose. Mukuwedzera kumakwikwi ehondo, pamitambo iwe unogona kuteerera mimhanzi yepakati pekare, ona zviitiko kubva muupenyu hwevanhu venguva iyo, uyewo kutora chikamu mumadzidzisi madzitateguru uye kudzidza rumwe ruzivo. Uyewo anopiwa mukana wekupfura kubva kumuseve uye kushanyira mutambo wepakatikati.

Vatashanyi vazhinji vanouya kumitambo muViborg. "Knight's Castle", somuenzaniso, inoitwa gore negore. Nenzira, yakabatwa munguva pfupi, musi waJuly 30-31, uye yakava yechi21. Vashanyi vakanga vakamirira hondo huru dzemakumbo ehondo, dzakashongedzwa netsoka-nhumbi dzokurwa, netsoka nemakwikwi ebhiza. Ndizvo chete zvaunogona kushanyira Vyborg. Tournament "Knight's Castle" yakaunganidza vazhinji vaenzi. Vakanga vakagamuchirwa nevashandi vekare, uye mushure mokunge hondo dzehondo dzichirwisana nemadzimai avo vakadzidzisa munhu wese aida dhani medieval.

Usiku, vashanyi vanosarudza kushanyira Mutambo "Knight kuti Castle" (Vyborg) Fire akamirira kumiririrwa nedhiragoni uye muChivanze Raibvunzurudza pamwe kuurayiwa. The hwatsvuka vaiva vana hondo, varaidzo uye zvemitambo, uyewo makwikwi kuti vechikamu uye vaoni. Muzvivanze uye handicraft zvakanaka zvinogonawo akashanyira, akasvika pamutambo "Knight kuti Castle". Vyborg, vashanyi vanoti, mukupera July, sokunge akatamira kare. Chadenga vakaramba Ages vatambi (Russian Knights uye Knights European), uyo akaisa munharaunda mutambo pemisasa yavo kufamba.

Pamutambo mumwe Vyborg mupenyu chaizvo. "Knight kuti Castle" - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru zviitiko muguta.

Okutanga maawa miziyamu kero

Vanofarira Vyborg yayo yekare Castle? Shanyira izvozvo chero nguva yegore. Asi chete munguva dzimwe maawa anotora vashanyi Vyborg Castle. ayo nokushanda kwadzinoita - kubva 11:00 kusvika 19:00 pamazuva ose revhiki kunze Chishanu. Musi weChishanu, izvozvo avhara mangwanani - mumaawa 18.

Saka, zvino munoziva apo unogona kushanyira Castle Vyborg. The uchishandisa muoti rwunoita waronga nzendo musi upi wevhiki. Vazhinji ungangodaro uchida kuziva kero yake. Chero zvazvingava, uye mumupe Zvisinei, kazhinji, uchawana nyore yemauto iri Vyborg. Taura zviri nyore: Castle Island, 1.

Hazvinyaradzi zviripo kushanyira nzvimbo iyi? Zvamazvirokwazvo, miziyamu zvichiratidza kwete chete, asiwo guta Vyborg. Yemauto iyo akaongororazve zvikuru zvakanaka, kunyanya vanoda Ages.