"Flatiron Building» (Flatiron Building). Skyscraper muna Manhattan: kero, tsananguro

Chero guru guru zvechokwadi ane kuvakwa chivako, inova vanozivikanwa ake. Somuenzaniso, muParis, kukwezvana uku anogona kunzi sezvo Eiffel Tower, muMoscow - the Kremlin, uye New York, anogona zvechokwadi kudada nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dzacho. Mumwe wavo ari "Flatiron Building" muManhattan, riri kuonekwa yakakurumbira chivako mukuru-simuka, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Description skyscraper

"Chivako-simbi" mu New York, pasinei guru akareba akaenzana 83 metres, uye chisina kutsetseka chitarisiko, anotarisa zvikuru naka. Skyscraper chakagadzirirwa sezvinoita dzekare mavakirwo rokupedzisira remakore - pasina basa kuti zvinhu zvishongo. Masvingo aro uye kunze pamasikiro mahwindo vari nyore. Vari yakashongedzwa-dimensional matatu mufananidzo uye nezvishongo vane rusununguko rukuru. The kuvaka yakashongedzwa siyana dzemaoresa zvinhu kuti pave rakasiyana kutamba kuti mimvuri uye chiedza.

"Flatiron Building" (New York) akava chiratidzo New America, sezvo yakanga yakavakwa pachikumbaridzo yemberi hwokugadzira uye sayenzi mberi.

Kana wasvikapo pedyo chivakwa kujairika, zvingaita kuwana sokuti pane murume pamberi mumhino dzake chihombe yomugungwa liner. Cars, vakapfuura kumativi zvivako, kusika fungidziro kufamba skyscraper.

Izvi mukuru-simukai chivako ane makumi maviri nerimwe layer uye zvikuru kwazvo maonero anogona kuitwa kubva pakona makamuri uye zvivako makamuri. Kubva kumaonero akasiyana skyscraper ane zvakasiyana zvachose akatarira. Zvingaita sokuti nhete mbiru, chikepe kana kukurumidza vosimba rusvingo.

Design uye kuvakwa skyscraper

Nyika iyo imba iri, kushandura vazhinji vadzo pamberi wake chivako ichi akaonekwa. Izvi zvakaramba undeveloped nyika nokuda zvose zvemarudzi kusiyana pakati varidzi uye hurumende. Somugumisiro, atenga naGeorge Fuller, uyo aiva mukutsirani ane rinozivikanwa kuvakwa yemakambani. Ndiye asarudza kuti parege kumuka chivakwa ichi.

Pfungwa pakuvaka pakuvaka kwakadaro mativi chimiro rakanga nokuti pamazuva iwayo zvakanga zvakakurumbira yomugungwa liners, inomiririra ari rwokugadzira zvinhu remakore rapfuura. Beautiful uye Meso ounozvikudza ngarava idzi sehofisi kufemera pamusoro mapurani uye injiniya Daniel H. Burnham, akagadzira uye vakavaka skyscraper chinoratidza chikuru chikepe ibwe. Akanga afufurwa nokuda Kumutungamiriri Fuller Company basa iri, nekuti akanga ari nyanzvi wechokwadi mumunda mavo.

The matarenda American akakwanisa hunobudirira kushandiswa pakuvaka chivako chiduku nomunda panguva mharadzano pakati maviri New York mumigwagwa. Solutions Architect kuvaka "Flatiron Building" kujairika mativi chimiro akaratidza zvakanaka urongwa zvose.

Rokuvaka zvivako vakatanga muna 1901 uye rakapedzwa muna makore maviri. With kwayo pakusikwa, muviri michina zvave, saka Flatiron Building ndiye wokutanga multi-storey chivakwa zvakavakwa pahwaro simbi matanda. Tinoonga chivako ichi, zvaigona yakavakwa yakadaro nguva mukurumbira. Pari, vaigara uye nevashanyi New York anogona kuyemura zvikuru mapurani chinhu, ari chiwanikwa chaiye muguta.

Sezvo zita iri kuuya kubva?

vashanyi vakawanda vanouya kuguta Manhattan, achishamisika chii aigona kureva "Flatiron Building". Zvakaratidza kuti zita skyscraper muchiRussia unorira "simbi", uye akapiwa kuti chivako haasi masanga. Ose nguva kuvakwa, ichivakwa pamusoro pakona mumigwagwa mitatu akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti.

Wokutanga izvi kwaiva kuvaka Philadelphia, uye pashure iri richiwanika New York uye kwave unonzi "Flatiron Building." Pasinei nezvose akapfuura kubva pakurigadzira makore, chivako varasikirwa hapana ayo noumambo norunako, saka achiri Anobata ziso revashanyi anonzi kuzvikudza chairo vagari.

zvimwe nhoroondo

Asi pakarepo pashure okuguma imwe skyscraper mainjiniya zhinji uye vavaki vakapopotera kuvakwa zvikuru kutsoropodza. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mutori wenhau anozivikanwa pakati mapurani rokubudisa imba akati dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki kuvaka uye akavaka pasina kuedza kuvanza kuipa zvakadaro. Uyezve, zvave vanotsigira vakawanda mahwindo mukati meimba.

Zvisinei, pasinei kunaka akadaro, pashure pechinguva, "Iron House" kwave inogarwa zvachose varimi, uye pashure pemwedzi chokuvapo mitanhatu, kwakanga kusina chimwe akasununguka hofisi. Nokuda kujairika chimiro ichi skyscraper, makamuri akawanda ipapo dzakarendwa ne vemifananidzo akakurumbira uye mamwe vamiririri bohemian nyika. Naizvozvo Street Fifth Avenue razova chimwe chezvinhu vanoremekedzwa nzvimbo guta.

Kushandiswa chivakwa

Anopfuura chivakwa remakore raishandiswa chete mahofisi. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yakanga inogarwa Russian nemauto vakanga mutoro US kuzvidzivirira michina zvokuvakisa.

Skyscraper kakawanda vakachinja varidzi. Muna 2010, hafu okumusoro akanga waakatenga ane mari kambani Sorgente Group nechinangwa kuti hwomutambarakede nacho muhotera. Chero bedzi ichingori chete urongwa, sezvo kambani vachafanira kumirira mamwe makore akawanda, sokuvapo magetsi varimi achaguma chibvumirano kuti Rental kuti musha.

Current mamiriro kuvakwa

Pari, mumwe skyscraper muManhattan mudzimba muzinda anoverengeka mikuru US makambani, uyewo vakawanda vanozivikanwa dzimba kutsikisa.

Mukuwedzera, mamiriro anoonekwa kwete chete muhofisi centre uye inonyanya kufarirwa chivakwa muguta, asi mumwe munhau varipo nyika dziri US National Register. Saka, vakawanda vashanyi kuuya pano kuti mifananidzo kuyeuka Flatiron Building, izvo zvinoita zvakawanda uye kumwe mifananidzo zvivako munyika.

Uyewo, skyscraper ichi rinowanzoshandiswa terevhizheni zvokushambadza uye anonzi sendarama nyore kucherechedzwa chiratidzo New York City.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

With mamiriro ichi kwakabatana mumwe panzvimbo inonakidza nguva. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, pedyo naye vaiva vazhinji revakadzi zvipfeko muzvitoro. All vakadzi vamachinda yaitonga, akasungwa nokuti boutiques, riri chete tatamuka dzomumusha, apo pane skyscraper, kuedza kuwana nayo vamwe nzira. Zvino nokuti munzvimbo ino akasimuka pamipendero vakadzi vamachinda kuvaka masvingo, converging vari rikwanise akachinjikana uye pave chiito chakafanana mhepo mugero, zvichikonzera mhepo chokubuda.

Chokwadi, chinhu chinoshamisa zvakadaro vakanakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru pakati pavanhu uye vazhinji vaiona, nguva dzose pabasa pedyo skyscraper. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiitiko ichi kunyange kuva chikamu Pop tsika, saka makadhi akawanda yakapiwa kune anofananidzirwa pedyo "Iron House" vakadzi vane madhirezi dzavo mhepo.

Where zviri?

Ani naani vachava muNew York uye vanoda kuona kuti Paaidzidzisa iyi mapurani, vachakwanisa kuwana nayo panguva pakero: Street Fifth Avenue, 175.

Inogona nomuongorori pevhu (uye kuwana kure pa 23 St) kana mabhazi M1, M5, M3 kana M2.

Izvi chivakwa pakutanga kuaona nayo inosimbiswa achaita guru pfungwa kunyange zvikuru yakagozha mufambi.