Cerebral basal neerekitironi.

Pasi omuti uropi yaiva anatomically yoga boka aiwanzopiwa wokushanda zvivako - the basal ganglia (ganglia). Pamwe chete nemamwe nuclei svikiro uye diencephalon vanofurira kuti injini basa, ine basa kunze cerebellum. Musiyano ndechokuti basal nuclei uropi hemispheres risina zvakananga mazano kubva cerebral cortex. Ganglia sei injini cortex uropi anobatanidzwa zvishande uye mupfungwa mabasa.

Basal ganglia yekudyidzana kukanganisa cerebral cortex. dysfunction wavo unotungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa kufamba. The nyonganyonga iri kukonzerwa basa rinokosha mune lateral hurongwa motokari nemano. Kana basal ganglia ari Hemisférios Cerebrais kupesvedzera kune chirwere, zviratidzo zvinotevera: vasingadzoreki tsandanyama inzwi uye mamiriro. Basal neerekitironi kunyevenutsa kufamba yokuvamba panguva "kutanga-up" pakati cerebral cortex, uyewo tunodzivisa sangano pasingadiwi. Kutungamirirwa fungidziro wakagamuchira zvakafanana. Kutanga kubva frontal munzvimbo, somatic kutsinga dzinouya uye injini nzvimbo, uyewo korona nharaunda, temberi, mutsipa.

Cerebral basal musimboti rinoumbwa striatum, kusanganisira amygdala, noruzhowa, lenticular uye caudate neerekitironi.

- Mindaleobraznoe muviri iri munzvimbo zvenyama nharaunda. In mapazi ichi, kuti goko pava thickened;

- Fence iri outwards kubva chinoumba (izvo serin'i). Rine chimiro ndiro Ukobvu millimeters maviri. The mberi chikamu thickened. Pazuva lateral kumucheto maitiro bulging pamusoro pfumbu nyaya. Medial muganhu fenzi wakatsetseka;

- lenticular neerekitironi iri chokunze kubva caudate. namasumbu duku chena nyaya rakakamurwa zvitatu moyo zvikamu.

- the caudate musimboti rinobatanidzwa paumbwe yokumusoro nyanga yacho lateral ventricle rusvingo.

The basal ganglia havana rakananga nzira kuna musana. Kubva striatum kusvika substantia nigra mudunhu pajira riya uye medial bhora akacheneruka akaronga inhibitory (GABAergic) fibers. dzichipfekeka zvadziri kwakavakirwa kuwedzera simba pamusoro excitation pakati thalamic nuclei kupinda zvikamu gwenya cortex anokonzera zvakakodzera kufamba.

Sangano kunanga iwayo kunzwisisa. The kwacho kuri kudzivisa excitation ari thalamus injini cortex mamwe mapazi. Chikamu chokutanga njanji akamedura unotora GABAergic striatal fungidziro kune lateral globus pallidus. Last akamedura anotumira fibers kuti musimboti thalamus. Outputs inonakidza Musimboti akazadzwa fibers. Vamwe vavo vakatuma akacheneruka lateral bhora. The fibers yasara kufamba akananga reticular mapazi ari substantia nigra, uye medial bhora rakachenuruka. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti kana simba zvinokonzerwa rakananga munzira striatum kunowedzera excitatory basa injini cortex, ari kunanga gwara basa simba.

Dysfunction pamusoro subcortical nuclei kunotungamirira kuti kukanganisika motokari nemano. Vanova kana kunyanyisa kana ndisipo zvachose. Somuenzaniso, tinofanira kuguma Parkinson chirwere. Vanhu vave pasi nechirwere chakadaro, wana chiso-chifukidzo. Kufamba zvinoitwa matanho diki. Man zvakaoma kutanga uye kumisa inofamba. Pane kudedera (tremor) maoko nemakumbo, wakawedzera tsandanyama matauriro. Pane chirwere chinonzi Parkinson nokuda conduction tsinga nomunhu kuti kukanganisa nenhumbi striatum. The kukundwa of striatum kunotungamirira zvisingakoshi fambisa: jerking mutsipa uye tsandanyama dzechiso, mutumbi, maoko, makumbo. Pane anogona kuva kuwedzera basa iri muchimiro vasina chinangwa kufamba muviri.

Mukugumisa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa zvakananga ukama kwevanhu upenyu-mano kunowanzoitika kushanda uropi. The kuchangotanga kutsauka muuropi kunotungamirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, vakaremara, uye dzimwe nguva kune zvachose dzomuviri. Naizvozvo, zvinokuvadza zvinofanira kudziviswa, regai pachena pachako kuti zvisingakoshi pangozi zvisina kufanira ngozi.