Big Bang uye kwakabva wezvose. Mysteries of Universe: chii chaiva zvakasikwa pamberi Big Bang?

Kunyange masayendisiti ano haagoni kutaura nechivimbo kuti pakanga zvakasikwa pamberi Big Bang. Kune hypotheses akawanda, anosimudza chidzitiro rimwe toughest mibvunzo zvakasikwa.

Rakatanga zvinhu zvenyika

Kuna XX remakore, paiva vaviri chete dzidziso nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvose. Vatsigiri vezvitendero nemaonero, vaidavira kuti nyika akasikwa naMwari. Masayendisiti, nekusiyana, akaramba kuti muchadenga nomunhu. Yefizikisi uye nyanzvi vaiva vatsigiri pfungwa yokuti zvose agara aripo, nyika yakanga kunofambira mberi uye zvose chicharamba zvakafanana kuti kwemabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura.

Zvisinei, kuwedzera mberi kwesayenzi pakupera kwezana remakore kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vaongorori ndakasika mikana pakudzidza extraterrestrial dzezvimwe. Vamwe vavo vakaedza kutanga kupindura mubvunzo kuti akanga ari muchadenga pamberi Big Bang.

Hubble kudzidza

XX remakore vakaparadza vazhinji dzidziso zvekare eras. Nokuti chigaro, hypotheses itsva kutsanangurira kusvikira zvisingambonzwisisiki chakavanzika. Zvakatanga nepfungwa yokuti masayendisiti vakatsunga kuti zvakasikwa wacho kuwedzera. Izvi zvaitwa Edwin Hubble. Akawana kuti mapoka enyeredzi kure dzinosiyana yavo chiedza kubva yepasi pose masumbu kuti vari pedyo Earth. Kuwanikwa mutemo uyu waiva hwaro mutemo Edwin Hubble kuwedzera.

Big Bang uye kwakabva zvose zvakaiswa akadzidza, pazvakava pachena kuti zvose enyeredzi "atize" kubva mucherechedzi, zvisinei paakange ari. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa? Kamwe mapoka kufamba, saka ivo akasundudzira mberi vamwe simba. Uyezve, dzephysics dzaona kuti zvose nyika vaimbovengana imwe nguva. Pamusana nehana, vakatanga kufamba kwose kwose vane sanzwisisika nokukurumidza.

Fani iyi wakanzi "Big Bang". Uye matangiro wezvose chinotsanangurwa pachishandiswa ichi-refu kumira chiitiko dzidziso. Kana zvakaitika? Dzephysics vakatsunga kumhanya kufamba emapoka uye vaziva kuti nzira naro vari akaverenga, apo paiva "kungosunda" kutanga. Chaiwo Nhamba hapana runhare haatori asi pamusoro Chiitiko kwakaitika anenge mabhiriyoni 15 apfuura.

VeMubatanidzwa Huru Bang dzidziso

Chokwadi chokuti zvose enyeredzi muri chiedza manyuko, zvinoreva kuti Big Bang akanga dzinounzwa guru simba rakawanda. Zvakanga iye akasununguka chaizvo kupenya, inova nyika vakarasika mukufamba remoteness zvavo kubva kwacho kwakaitika. The Big Bang dzidziso yakatanga kwakaratidzei vanoongorora nyeredzi American Robert Wilson uye Arno Penzias. Vakaona remagetsi microwave mamiriro nemwaranzi, ane tembiricha aiva matatu madhigirii ari Kelvin pamwero (kureva, -270 Celsius). Kuwana uku akasimbisa pfungwa yokuti pakutanga zvinhu zvose aiva inopisa.

The Big Bang dzidziso akapindura vazhinji mibvunzo yakabvunzwa iri XIX remakore. Zvino, zvisinei, itsva. Somuenzaniso, chii chaiva zvose pamberi Big Bang? Nei zvakadaro yunifomu, apo panguva yakadaro kusunungurwa simba fuma huru inofanira uparadzire nemirayiridzo zvose zvakaenzana? Kuwanika Wilson uye Arno akabvunza dzenhoroondo Euclidean geometry, sezvo akanga zvakaratidza kuti nzvimbo ine razero curvature.

inflationary dzidziso

Mibvunzo New vanomutswa akaratidza kuti ano dzidziso kwakabva nyika sketchy uye kukwana. Asi kwenguva refu nguva zvaiita kuti mberi mhiri rakavhurika mumakore 60 zvichava hazviiti. ongororo ichangobva kwazvo chete vakabvumira masayendisiti kuzoumba musimboti itsva uye inokosha yokungotaura Physics. Yakanga kutanga pakati ultrafast inflationary kuwedzera zvakasikwa. Rave vakadzidza uye inotsanangurwa quantum munda dzidziso uye mukuru dzidziso relativity.

Saka zvose pamberi Big Bang? sayenzi yemazuva rinodana nguva iyi "mitengo". Pakutanga zvakanga munda anozadza ose zvekufungidzira nzvimbo chete. Unogona kuenzaniswa chando, iyo yakatangwa pasi yakatenuka chando kumakomo. Ru uchatikungurusira pasi uye kuwedzera kukura. Saizvozvowo, munda nokuda anongoitika nokufamba kwenguva sanzwisisika anoshandura maumbirwo kwayo.

Kamwe kuumbwa homogeneous configuration, maitiro kunoitika. Mariri nhema guru zvakavanzika zvakasikwa. Chii chakanga pamberi Big Bang? Inflationary munda kuti haadi kuitika nyaya. Mushure Zvakaitwa vakatanga kumuka zvakasikwa. Kana tikaramba muenzaniso mumwe snowball, shure wokutanga vavo yakayerera vamwe snowballs, kunowedzerawo ukuru. The Big Bang munyika ino inogona kuenzaniswa yechipiri, kana dombo guru vakawira mugomba rakadzikadzika, uye pakupedzisira yakabonderana Earth. Panguva iyoyo, akanga dzinounzwa guru simba rakawanda. Haikwanise kuoma kubuda saka kure. Zviri nokuda kuenderera maitiro kubva kuputika, chadenga chedu ari kukura nhasi.

Nyaya uye munda

Zvino zvose rinoumbwa ane sanzwisisika uwandu nyeredzi nezvimwe zvomuchadenga. Izvi akaisa nyaya exudes zvikuru simba, zvinopokana mutemo kuchengetedza simba mumuviri. Zvarinotaura? Musimboti nheyo iyi kuitira kuti pamusoro nguva Verengai rusingaperi simba wegadziriro anoramba kuzochinja. Asi sezvo inogona pamwe zvakasikwa yedu, izvo kuramba richikura?

Inflationary dzidziso aigona kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Kashoma chaizvo kukanganisika zvakavanzika izvi zvakasikwa. Chii chakanga pamberi Big Bang? Inflationary munda. Pashure kuwedzera kwenyika munzvimbo yayo vakauya nyaya avanoziva kwatiri. Zvisinei, kuwedzera pane izvozvo Panewo zvose rinokweva munda, ine kunaka simba. The ehupfumi kuti masangano maviri aya vachipikiswa. Ndizvo ndanyarara hangu nokuda simba zvinobva kuna PARTICIPLE, nyeredzi, mapuraneti nezvimwe nyaya. ukama ichi Inotsanangurawo kuti nei zvinhu zvose zvakadaro haana kuva dema buri.

Apo Big Bang zvangoitika, nyika yakanga iri duku kwaari kuti chinhu kuti vachiwa. Zvino, sezvo zvose kuwedzerwa, mune dzimwe nzvimbo akazviratidza vemo makomba dema. rinokweva munda wavo absorbs zvose kumativi. Kubva haigoni kupukunyuka, kunyange chiedza. Chaizvoizvo nemhaka iyi, maburi aya kuva mutema.

kuwedzera wezvose

Kunyange zvazvo yokungotaura hwaro inflationary dzidziso, zvichiri kujeka kuti Universe sechigaro pamberi Big Bang. The fungidziro munhu haagoni kufungidzira ichi. Chokwadi kuti inflationary Munda chisingaoneki. Hahugoni kutsanangurwa mitemo zvenguva dzose wefizikisi.

Kana Big Bang, kuti mitengo munda vakatanga kuwedzera pane uchizvipa runopfuura kumhanya chiedza. Maererano mumuviri zviratidzo, zvose hapana zvinhu zvinogona kufamba kudarika nhamba iyi. Chiedza propagates kuburikidza huripo nyika zvikuru dzakakwirira nhamba. Inflationary munda hwakapararira atowedzera akurumidze, chete nemhaka yavo chisingaoneki hunhu.

Kukura zvakasikwa pamberi Big Bang akanga roga. Kuyera ayo ano saizi, mathematicians vanofanira kuvaka nenhamba zvikuru. Maererano vakawanda relativity, mumwe mucherechedzi mukati zvinhu nyika, haagoni kuona zviri kuitika panze. Utongi uhwu zvinoshanda zvakanga pamberi Big Bang muchadenga. Photos mune mabhuku nezvenyeredzi anogona kumirira kuti kunyepedzera vemifananidzo chete.

Nezvimedu uye antiparticles

The Universe ave kuwedzera zvokuti kunyange chiedza haana nguva kusvika pamakona ayo zvikuru kure. Panguva iyoyowo, mitengo kunze munda kwenyika ichiriko, kunyange hazvisi kuwanikwa uye munhu anogara zvinhu munyika. Kuwedzera zvose inotonhodza sezvo inokura. nemwaranzi tembiricha anodonhedza, nokuti kuti wavelength rinova refu, uye naizvozvo, zvinokosha kupedza simba.

State zvakasikwa pamberi Big Bang akanga homogeneous. Asi kana akatanga richikura, kwaiva itsva zvinhu nezvimedu. quark ichi, neutrons, protons, maerekitironi uye photons. Pane antiparticle uye ane nhamba inogona kuenzana nokuwanda zvavo inoramba. Kana Kuzivikanwa ichi chaitika, ipapo zvose pachayo rose raizoparadzwa.

Nature akaita zvose zvaidiwa kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti nhamba inoramba akanga zvishoma hombe wandei antiparticles. Nokuda ukama ichi, uye pane nyika zvinhu. Yepasi pose microwave kumashure nemwaranzi, izvo chichipararira mhiri expanses zvakasikwa, kwaingova nemhaka yakawiriranwa kuparadzwa zvimwe zvacho uye antiparticles. In zvesayenzi duramazwi uyu muitiro inonzi zvachose. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko kakasaririra nemwaranzi simba Falls. Zvino iye anenge zviuru gumi nguva duku kupfuura zvokutanga hombe inoramba.

The panowanikwa mitemo yezvakasikwa

Kana zera wezvose yasvika miniti imwe, neutrons uye protons vakatanga coalesce kupinda nehelium, tritium uye deuterium. Yaiva nyaya yokutanga yomuka munyika zvinhu munyika. The kwetunhu kwacho imhaka renyukireya siyana. In XX remakore, yefizikisi ndakadzidza Fani iyi uye kunyange vakadzidza sei kuti kupingudza nayo. Sezvo renyukireya maitiro ari dzinounzwa guru yakawanda simba, vanhu akaderedzwa izvi kuna avo ezvoupfumi zvavanoda. Paiva simba renyukireya miti. Nhasi, ivo energize zviuru maguta.

Nuclear kuita yavewo senzira chombo. Panoperera Yechipiri World War kokutanga vokuAmerica akadonha mabhomba mabhomba Japan. Ngozi kurwiswa kwaingova kusunungurwa simba guru. Asi nhamba zvakanyorwa Hiroshima, muri kunyora nezvavo tichienzanisa kwemasayendisiti kwakaitika maminitsi ariko zvinhu nyika yokutanga.

Nokuda kuti masayendisiti ano Vanotoziva zvakawanda pamusoro renyukireya maitiro wakashandiswa upfumi uye hondo, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kudzorera ine mufananidzo chii chaiva wezvose pamberi Big Bang. Achishandisa masvomhu, zvakanzi akaverenga vangani uye chii zvinhu akazviratidza maminitsi okutanga pashure nezvinoita vanhu mitengo mumunda.

Amazing uye mumwe chokwadi. Vose Masvomhu masayendisiti, kwakavakirwa kuitika kuita zvakasikwa zvakanga chaizvoizvo kushandiswawo zvinoedza chitarisiko wezvose. Izvi "zvinongoitikawo" anodaro kuti mitemo wefizikisi vakatanga kushandisa pakarepo mushure panowanikwa zvinhu zvenyika. Kubvira ipapo, chisingaperi payakavakirwa haana kuchinja. Ivo vanoita ikozvino. Somuenzaniso, zvinogona kunzi pamusoro Einstein kwaiita dzidziso relativity. Kugombedzera pamutemo hwezvekukurukurirana basa masayendisiti vari kuedza kunzwisisa zvakaitika pamberi Big Bang muchadenga.

Matangiro emapoka

With Big Bang pfungwa, masayendisiti vaigona kutsanangura kwakabva enyeredzi. Kana nyika chete akauya, marefu ose vari kukurumidza kuva kupfuura mukati maro. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, izvi ndicho chatinonyanya siyana. Rakanga chokuita chokwadi kuti siyana pfungwa nzvimbo simba arambe achirema mu akanga chakanakisisa unongotaura.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mune dzimwe nzvimbo imwe zvakasikwa guru akaita vaunganidza zvakawanda zvacho. Izvi akarondedzerwa masayendisiti American pamusoro XX remakore. In zvesayenzi uye akakurumbira chimiro dzidziso kwave akatsanangura mune firimu akatevedzana 'zvakasikwa pamberi Big Bang. On kutevera chakavanzika. "

Munzvimbo ine yepamusoro simba arambe achirema yekudyidzana fluctuated tembiricha. Fani iyi yaiva chiratidzo compression kwenyaya yacho rinokweva munda. Inflationary nguva chamuita kunzvimbo pamwe yakakwirira arambe achirema. Mushure panowanikwa wezvose rinokweva munda Data rinoitei nzvimbo pamwe kwakawedzerwa. Zviri pano kuti vakaberekwa mapoka enyeredzi - zvisumbu nyeredzi pakavakirwa mapuraneti kuumbwa. Earth redu revatema zvakazara kupinda hurongwa. It inotenderera nyeredzi dzaro (zuva) uye ndiye chikamu renyeredzi hweGwara Way.

Mamiriro zvakasikwa

The kuitika nguva yemhindumupindu wezvose zvakasikwa zvakakwana akakodzera kuti upenyu. Masayendisiti vanoomerwa kusarudza vangani achaenda nguva nenguva ino. Asi kana munhu akatora Masvomhu dzakadaro, tinowana mifananidzo akanga asingasviki mazana emakore. Nokuti mumwe munhu upenyu-kufanana chidimbu yakakura kwazvo zvokuti kunyange kwemasvomhu calculus zvakafanira kunyora nokushandisa inegumi. Pari kudzidza nani zvikuru kupfuura pre-nhoroondo zvakasikwa. Chii chakanga pamberi Big Bang, chero zvazvingava, zvichaita chete nyaya yokungotaura yokutsvakurudza uye vakashinga Masvomhu.

In zvinhu nyika, kunyange zvakasara hama ukoshi. Somuenzaniso, quasars (rudzi muchadenga zvinhu) huripo kure chiedza-makore mabhiriyoni 14 kubva Earth, shure kwedu yekushandisa 'zvino' panguva chiedza makore chaizvo 14 bhiriyoni. Iyi nguva pakakoromoka hwakakura kwazvo. Zvakaoma kuziva, kunyange mathematically, tisingatauri chokwadi kuuya pachavo kuti zvakajeka zvakafanana kushandisa fungidziro kwevanhu (kunyange zamu) hazvitomboiti.

sayenzi yemazuva aigona hunonzi kutsanangura pachangu yose upenyu nyika yedu zvokunyama, kutanga zvikamu zviduku munhu wechipiri ivepo, kana chete Big Bang wokutanga. A Complete History of Universe iri kuzadzikiswa saka kure. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanoona itsva zvinoshamisa zvinhu achibatsirwa modernized uye nani tsvakurudzo midziyo (materesikopu, mumarabhoritari uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Zvisinei, pane havana kunzwisisa chinonakidza. In ichi chena pachivara, somuenzaniso, ndiyo nyaya rima uye rima simba nayo. Musimboti vakawanda ichi yakavanzika kuramba kutambudza pakati hana vakadzidza zvikuru uye kukura ano wefizikisi. Mukuwedzera, uye haana kuva chimwe nemaonero pamusoro zvikonzero zvacho zvose achiri kupfuura antiparticles. dzidziso zvikuru zvinoverengeka kunge akagadzira panyaya iyi. Vamwe mhando ndivo zvikuru nevanhu, asi hapana kwave kugamuchirwa vomunyika dzakawanda nesayenzi ive chokwadi zvazvisingarambiki.

Nedanda rechikero zivo waifarirwa husingagumi zvakawanwa XX emakore, dzezvimwe izvi zvinoita zvikuru vasingakoshi. Asi nhoroondo sayenzi pamwe enviable kakawanda kunoratidza kuti tsanangudzo chokwadi "diki" uye mananara anova hwaro kumiririrwa zvose nevanhu chirango rose (mu iyi tiri kutaura pamusoro asitironomi). Naizvozvo, vaizotevera masayendisiti, Chokwadi, vachava chinhu kuita uye kuwana munharaunda nezivo yezvakaita wezvose.