Kiev kwavabati

Kiev kwavabati - mumwe aumba kubva akoromoke Kievan Rus korona nyika. Pakafa Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo ari pakati XI remakore hugota kuzviparadzanisa kutanga uye makore yechi30 pamusoro XII remakore chakava zvachose yakazvimirira.

Ndima yayo anofukidza Drevlyane yemadzitateguru nyika uye paMaare ari Dnieper River uye vabati vechibharo ayo (Grouse, Pripyat, Irpen uye ros). Kunosanganisirawo chikamu rworuboshwe kumahombekombe Dnieper pamberi Kiev. Nyika ino yose ano Kyiv uye Zhytomyr kumatunhu rweUkraine uye kumaodzanyemba ari Gomel mudunhu pakati Belarus. Kumabvazuva, hugota bordered Pereyaslavl uye Chernigov kwavabati kumadokero - iri Vladimir-Volyn, kumaodzanyemba nayo abuts ari Polovtsian inowanzorimwa.

Nokuda munyoro ekunze uye ivhu rakaorera pano kurima yakatanga nokukurumidza. Uyewo vagari vomunyika iyi kushanda mombe maberekero, kuvhima, hove uye nyuchi. Early zvakakwana pano zvaitika ounyanzvi dzakagadzirirwa. Zvikuru kukosha vawana "drevodelie", dehwe uye yevhu. Deposits akabvumira kutanga simbi nokuchengetedza ndege.

Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti muKiev kwavabati yaiva mumugwagwa "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki" (kubva Byzantine Empire kuGungwa reBaltic). Saka, muna Kiev mangwanani vane rukoko vakaumba vatengesi uye mhizha.

Kubva IX kuti X remakore, idzi dzaiva nechepakati chikamu Old Russian mamiriro. Paitonga Vladimir, vakava mwoyo weatomu kwomuchinda achazoburuka, uye Kiev - church muzinda Russia zvose. Kunyange zvazvo Muchinda Kiev, hapana kuzombova muridzi mukuru wenyika yose, asi akanga haulla facto mukuru feudal akanyatsorongwa, aionekwa "mukuru" maringe nemamwe machinda. Yakanga pakati poushe yekare, dzakanga pfungwa kunhivi vamwe nhaka.

Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga zvisiri chete yakanaka divi. Nokukurumidza Kiev nyika yakava chinhu zvakasimba hondo pakati mapazi akasiyana-siyana ari Rurik dzinza. Kurwa kwaisanganisirawo simba Kievan boyars uye pamusoro zvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi vanhu.

Kusvikira 1139 muKiev choushe akagara Monomakhich: pashure Mstislava Velikogo akauya simba, munin'ina wake Jaropolk (1132-1139), uye ipapo Vyacheslav (1139). Pashure paizvozvo, pachigaro akapfuura simba rake akakunda Chernigov Prince Vsevoloda Olgovicha. Olegoviches ushe akanga kwenguva pfupi. Muna 1146, simba akapfuura Izyaslav Mstislavich (Monomakhich mumiririri). Muna 1154 zvakanzi akabatwa nebazi Suzdal Monomakhich (Yuri Dolgoruky yaiva Kiev choumambo kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1157). Zvakare simba ipapo akapfuura Olgovich, uye muna 1159 akadzoka Mstislavovitch.

Nechekare kubva pakati enyika kukosha XII remakore, iyo kusvikira panguva iyoyo aiva hugota pakati Kiev, akatanga kuderera. Panguva iyoyo ratora kuparara kupinda fiefdoms. Pakazosvika 1170 fung gore watopiwa dzinounzwa Kotelnicheskoye, Belgorod, Trepolskoe, Vyshgorod, Torchesk, Kanev uye Dorogobuzhskaya kwavabati. Kiev haachatyi kuridza basa pakati munyika Russian. Panguva iyoyowo Vladimir uye Galicia-Volyn kuita zvose zvavanogona rokumukunda Kiev. Kubva nguva nenguva vanozviita, uye pachigaro Kiev choumambo puppets dzavo.

Muna 1240 hugota pamusoro Kiev riri pasi pesimba Batu. Mukutanga December, pashure nezano nemishonga, akatora mapfumbamwe uye vakakundwa Kiev. Kweutongi rakapambwa, kudzorerazve pashure paizvozvo uye vakakundikana. Sezvo 1240s Kiev riri pamutemo kushanda Vladimir Machinda (Aleksandra Nevskogo, ipapo Jaroslav laroslavich). Muna 1299 muKiev akatamisirwako kuna Vladimir yemo dhipatimendi.

Yokutanga yezana remakore rechi14, hugota akanga simba kusvika pokupedzisira. Saka, razova chinhu munhu Lithuanian kurwisa. Muna 1362 apo Prince Algirdas idzi vakava rutivi Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania.