Chii muchinjikwa senhetembo? Cross, chiutsi, akanyudzwa senhetembo

Nyora nhetembo yake muduku kuedza zhinji. Vamwe kunyange ramba "kutambudzika" tsime ichi mu vakura, vachifungidzira pachake akararama Pushkin - unyanzvi uye consummate nyanduri. Asi zvinosuwisa kwete nguva dzose chinhu inobva kunyorwa zvinokosha zvinogona kunzi nhetembo kwechokwadi. Kunyange kana tisina kufunga zviri mavhesi, kupenya wokufananidzira mifananidzo, kazhinji zviri hwokugadzira divi chigadzirwa murombo.

chidobi versification

Zvinokosha ezvinhu prosody uri ndiyo saizi (mwero) uye senhetembo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti nhasi kwaiva vakawanda subcultures, apo mitsetse zvachose kusiya kunyange havabudiriri nokusateerera nekudetemberwa yakafanorongwa uye mutinhimira kana versification. Muenzaniso nhasi ndiyo mufashoni youth sangano rinonzi Rap: wechiduku kutsvaka dzavo nzira kutaura munyika yomukati. Uye vaya vanova kuitika itsva unyanzvi nhetembo, uye vaya vari kukuchidzira kuti chaiwo kutungamirira nhetembo nhasi kunokosha saka kuziva chii vari nekudetemberwa mumutauro weRussia.

muchinjikwa-senhetembo

Most nhetembo rakanyorwa nenzira yakadaro kuti senhetembo vaviri vaviri, wekutanga uye wechitatu mitsetse, uyewo wechipiri uye wechina. Kana parsing stanza arcs batanidza mashoko, nekudetemberwa, akabva auraya nemashoko anotevera chokwadi: asi chinhu chakakombama piringisha, sokunge wezvamatongerwe muchinjikwa. Ndokusaka Fani iyi inonzi "muchinjikwa-senhetembo." Ndima yaiti "Reflections pamahombekombe egungwa" kubatsira muenzaniso nyatsofunga nzira iyi versification.

Kufunga pamahombekombe egungwa

Handina - iri gulls vachichema,

Uye isu ndinovawoneka kune vakaenda muzhizha,

Kwete zita rangu akapa chiedza ...

Sea sear navo mhinduro

On wokuti: "Ungaita sei kurarama?

Sei chaizorarama chinhu zororo?

kwete sei kuona zvose nhema uye unyengeri?

Kuti tinzwisise mwoyo yakazara

Musana marwadzo, chigumbu uye nechokwadi?

Sei vanokwanisa kudzivisa zvikanganiso

Uye mazana ezviuru zvisarudzo

Faithful, kuwana mhinduro chaiyo? "

Asi, aneta yokuchema, nyarara

Seagulls. Gungwa rikanyura hope.

Uye mhinduro sezvo uswa tsono,

Kwete kuwana, sezvo asina Mwari tsitsi.

Varume, vakadzi, uye giperdaktilicheskaya dactylic senhetembo: Vhuṱanzi

Pano, umwe neumwe quatrain (ndima, rine mitsara mina) rakashandiswa muchinjikwa senhetembo. Kakawanda, saka vose quatrains mune imwe Kunyanya nhetembo kunyora, uchishandisa imwe anoverengeka nzira rhyming; kana vose mitsetse vanoguma mu akasimbisa mabhii (rume senhetembo) kana mitsetse ose zvechikadzi senhetembo, kana kunetseka weveta Penultimate mabhii, kana mumwe rhymed maviri Musono ane rume senhetembo, uye mumwe vaviri - mukadzi. A shoma ishoma dactylic senhetembo kana tambo rinoguma nevaviri unstressed mabhii, ayo pashure mwoyo. Uye zvikuru kashoma kushandisa kusangana giperdaktilicheskuyu (four- kana kunyange pentasyllabic) senhetembo, kana yaisimbisa mabhii achiteverwa matatu kana kupfuura unstressed mabhii. Shandisa mune imwe nhetembo ose nzira kamwe - isingawanzowanikwi chinoshamisa.

Varume, vakadzi, uye giperdaktilicheskaya dactylic senhetembo: kuongorora muenzaniso

Munguva yakapfuura mifananidzo muenzaniso chete varume, vakadzi uye dactylic muchinjikwa senhetembo sezvo nzira musimboti prosody kurondwa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okutanga nookupedzisira quatrains pane kushandisa chete zvechikadzi nekudetemberwa, uye stanza wokutanga uye wechitatu mutsetse wechipiri rinobatanidza muchimiro senhetembo, uye wechipiri nowechitatu - dactylic. Chechitatu quatrain muenzaniso kushandisa ibatanidzo mukadzi-rume senhetembo. Kutaura zvazviri, pano muchinjikwa senhetembo zano akaratidza Ababa, apo tsamba guru rinomirira muchimiro senhetembo, uye vaduku - mukono.

wakakomberedzwa senhetembo

It kunoitika kakawanda senhetembo muchinjikwa pakubhiti senhetembo mitsetse. In nzira iyi, wokutanga nhetembo pamwe rwonzi wechina, uye wechipiri - wechitatu. Somuenzaniso, belting, uye mune imwe - mhete senhetembo, inogona kushandiswa pano ndiyo ndima "Oh amai" nhetembo:

Chii I anogona? Just shoma kuti:

Tsvodai rakawunyana maoko ...

Unoziva havazivi kubhoekana,

Masimba kuzorora vamuke.

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva muenzaniso pano senhetembo kurondwa pakutanga uye chechina misara (smallness - kuruboshwe), uye chechipiri uye chetatu (maoko - kubhoekana).

Kungofanana muchinjikwa, akanyudzwa senhetembo Pangava varume, vakadzi, uye dactylic giperdaktilicheskoy, uye mubatanidzwa dzaro. Kakawanda iri mhando nhetembo rinoshandiswa sonnets, uye akapotsa kumbobvira - mune Russian zvavo nhetembo. Kokutanga payo akazviratidza muzana remakore rechi18, pakupera kwenguva syllabic versification. Watch zvibvire kuti Antiochus Kantemir wake "Tsamba II kuti nhetembo yake."

Steam ari vana senhetembo nhetembo

Kuvabvunzeiko sei kuwedzera nhetembo, tisingatauri hwemvura senhetembo. Kungofanana mhete uye muchinjikwa, hwemvura senhetembo kunoitika kakawanda muna Russian nhetembo. Zvichida ichi ndicho nyore zvikuru, anonzwisisika uye dzive nyore kupinda muchimiro nhetembo, ndosaka zviri saizvozvo dzakawanda nhetembo zvakanyorwa vana. Izvi zvinosanganisira patters uye Counting, uye nezvirahwe zhinji.

Somuenzaniso, nezvirahwe dzakadaro mundima rakanyorwa vaviri senhetembo:

Iye - chikepe inopisa floats panyaya.

Uye nokuti iye ichi pamusoro kumeso - hapana wrinkles havagoni kuona!

kana:

Long hura, muswe uye pfupi,

Muchitokisi, anorarama, fluffy, uye kutya.

A anozivikanwa detembo pamusoro Tanya, yadonhedzera murwizi bhora, tichitsigirwa Agniya Barto, chete chinoratidza kushandiswa vaviri senhetembo. Uye dzimwe nhetembo Somuenzaniso, pamusoro wenzombe, riri parutivi akaenda kunorara mubhokisi, hope bere, ulogshegosya pamubhedha, uye pamusoro nzou uyo haadi kurara, nodding musoro wake uye anotuma ake kukwaziswa kuti nzou.

Onegin stanza

Kazhinji, mabasa ose nyanduri anonyora chimwe, ake nzira vakasanangurwa, uchishandisa zvimwe mhete kana peya, kana muchinjikwa senhetembo. Asi Pushkinym Aleksandrom Sergeevichem chaipiwa kuna nyika yepakutanga shanduro, riri rukudzo rake ainzi "Onegin stanza," sezvo kwakaonekwa akarongwa yokufungidzira "Eugene Onegin" wokutanga. Onegin stanza ine quatrains matatu uye kokupedzisira couplet. Pano, mune imwe nhetembo yake anowanikwa pakarepo senhetembo mhete, mumwe hwemvura mukamuri, muchinjikwa. Nzira iyi achiri mupenyu nanhasi, uye dzimwe nguva hachishandi enhetembo mabasa anotaura nayo kuti yakajeka manzwiro avo uye pfungwa.

Somuenzaniso tinogona kutora ndima "O mai" zvachose chimwe quatrain iyo watopiwa akaongororwa somuenzaniso runopoterera senhetembo.

About amai

Handikanganwi nei ndiri kumba,

Musakanganwa munhuwi mai.

Amai, Ndakatenga iwe ruva!

Amai, ndine urombo, zviri kunonoka ...

Chii I anogona? Just shoma kuti:

Tsvodai rakawunyana maoko ...

Unoziva havazivi kubhoekana,

Masimba kuzorora vamuke.

Meso ake, kamwe inopenya zvitema,

Murinde pikicha - bloklo mutema ...

Hair, Vakamupfekedza, akanaka,

Thinned, vakava pfumbu ...

Uri kumirira ini pano pachikumbaridzo -

Chete zvishoma ndazonzwa ...

Parsing ari quatrain wokutanga, zviri pachena kuti zvaisanganisira kunyora senhetembo chiutsi. Zvisinei, zvakawanda zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti akashandisa assonansnaya senhetembo umo nzvanyira chete nzvanyira ichirira, asi havabvumirani.

Zvechokwadi, shoko "musha" uye "chizvarwa" Pakutanga, zvakaoma chaizvo kudana senhetembo. Asi shoko 'musha' chokupedzisira unstressed mavhawero rinomira panzvimbo simba chinzvimbo II, saka zvichipa akaderedza inzwi "b". Shoko "chizvarwa" inoita ruzha chete tsamba "Haiwa" iri zaudarnoy chinzvimbo. Saizvozvowo, unogona kuita shoko "roses" uye "mukupera". Zvisinei, senhetembo ichi kunosimudzirwa zvakafanana nzvanyira "z".

The quatrain yechipiri aionekwa nesu pamusoro: inogona kurondwa nebhanhire kana akanyudzwa senhetembo. In wechitatu quatrain vaishandisa muchinjikwa senhetembo. Uye ndakapedza Onegin stanza, sezvo kwaidiwa yasarudzwa manyorerwo couplet.

Pano chinhu kunzwisisa chinhu - kunyora nhetembo. Asi dzidza kunonga zvakarurama senhetembo, kusarudza nzira nhetembo, mutinhimira muenzaniso anogona kuchengeta kunyange robhoti. Asi mari iri chigadzirwa chikamu mweya wake - zviri pamafudzi haasi munhu wose.