Avetik Isahakyan: Biography uye mabasa

Famous mudetembi Armenian Avetik Isahakyan akasiya mabhuku nhaka huru, iyo ichiri mukutanga remakore rechi20, yakava kuwanikwa vaverengi wokuRussia kutaura shanduro naAlexander Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin uye Pasternak. No dzinonakidza zvishoma ndiyo nhau hwake, izvo makore Soviet Union chaipiwa kuruzhinji mu nokungwarira rakapepetwa muchimiro. Zvikurukuru, kunyange 20-30 apfuura, kunyange Armenia pacharo, vanhu vashoma vaiziva kuti Kumukundi of Stalin Prize rokutanga dhigirii muna 1921, akatora Zvinoshingaira musangano kuti "Operation Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: A Biography (pauduku)

Mudetembi akaberekwa muna 1875 muna Alexandropol Erivan Province (Russian umambo, ikozvino Gyumri, Armenia). baba vake - Sahak Isahakyan - waiva mwanakomana vatama kubva Old Bayezid, uyo muna 1828 dzakamanikidzwa kusiya musha wake uye vaende pamwe kuenda eRussia muna Shirak mumupata.

Somwana, zvishoma mbuya Avo vakadzidza uye mai Almast. Sezvaakanga kazhinji nezvemukadzi Papera, ivo hunotaurwa pamusoro pake yakanaka pamusoro Armenian mukadzi ateteguru, anoramba vakazvipira kumhuri yake, uye achida kutsungirira chero matambudziko nokuda kubudirira kwayo. Kubva pavo akanga anzwa dzechembere vazhinji ngano, izvo zvakava hwaro zvakanakisisa mabasa zvakanyorwa naye.

Kudzidza ari Seminary

ndima yake yokutanga Avetik Isahakyan akatanga kunyora nemakore 11. Nokukurumidza mhuri yake akaenda parwendo kunonamata St. Echmiadzin, apo akasangana navo vadzidzi inozivikanwa yose Christian East Gevorgyan Seminary. Kunyange zvazvo mwana ruzivo akamutendera kuti zvakaitika pamukova bvunzo, tsika waida basa kuti kuzviisa magwaro kuti dzidzo yepuraimari, izvo havana Isahakyan. Zvino vabereki vake vaiudzwa kuti atumire mwanakomana wake kuchikoro kwegore panguva Archa wemamongi. Ikoko Avetik akaratidza kushingaira kukuru, uye akadzokera Echmiadzin muna 1889, rakazoshandiswa pakarepo muna 3 kirasi zvechitendero.

Kufanana nevamwe vadzidzi 150 vanobva dzakasiyana-siyana Eastern uye Western Armenia muna 1891 Avetik Isahakyan akatora mugove mudzidzi nemhirizhonga. Mumwe zvinodiwa vechidiki, vairamba kupinda hurukuro, kwaiva kuzvisunungura kubva zvavo mhiko mirootrecheniya unorambidza kukurukura kunze, asi apo neapo kushanyirwa mhuri. Vasina pachavo, vavanodzidza vazhinji makirasi pakati, kusanganisira remangwana Nyanduri wakakurumbira, pakoreji.

Study kunze

Ruzivo rwakawanikwa ari pachikoro, apo kuwedzera zvechitendero vanotongwa hanya kwazvo rwakabhadharwa kuna dzidziso mitauro yokumwe, vakabatsira Avetiku Isaakyanu parwendo kuburikidza Europe, umo kubvira 1892 kusvika 1895, akadzidza uzivi uye anthropology paUniversity Leipzig. Ipapo jaya akaenda Geneva, apo iye aipinda hurukuro pamusoro G. V. Plehanova, uyo akaita chikuru pfungwa paari.

Kubatana panhengo "Dashnaktsutiun"

Paakadzoka Eastern Armenia, Avetik Isahakyan akasarudza kuzvipira enyika hondo. With ichi, iye wevashumiri mabasa asiri pamutemo pamusoro munharaunda Russian Empire, mumwe mukuru Armenian mapato "Dashnaktsutyun". kwekuratidzira ake haana kuonekwa, uye muna 1896 mudetembi akasungwa uye vakapedza gore vari mujeri, Erivan, pashure yaakanga kuutapwa Odessa.

Kuwana mvumo kuenda kunze kwenyika, akatamira Zurich, apo akateerera hurukuro pamusoro mabhuku uye nhoroondo uzivi payunivhesiti yemo. Asi Isaakyan aisagona kugara refu pamba, uye akadzokera Alexandroupoli muna 1902, zvakare akava munyaya echimurenga hondo kuzorwa tsarist hurumende. Iye aida kuvapo kwake Tbilisi, apo mudetembi Akasungwa zvakare muna 1908 uye 6 mwedzi vakatumirwa Metekhi kujeri pamwe vamiririri Armenian intelligentsia.

Life nhapwa

Nechokwadi chokuti Isaakyan kuva "apiwa dzidzo", zviremera vakasarudza pamusoro pokudzingwa yake kubva mundima Russian Empire. Muna 1911, mudetembi akamanikidzwa kutiza munyika uye vakagara muGermany. Pakutanga World War Chokutanga, aiva nehanya nezvedambudziko vokuArmenia muTurkey, apo hurumende kuti nyika vaifungidzirwa kutsigira Russia. Panguva iyoyowo pasi kutambudzwa uye pogroms, kunyange vagari munzvimbo dzaiva kure ezviuru makiromita kubva kumberi mutsetse.

Kuitira kudzivirira wazvakaitika Isaakyan pamwe Johannes Lepsius uye Paulem Rorbahom, vakarongwa maererano wokuGermany-Armenian Society, waiva kuswedera Western pfungwa kutambura nevaKristu Eastern. Zvisinei, kuedza zvose zvinodzivisa kuponda havana kubudirira, uye muna 1915 nevatsigiri Germany - Young vokuTurkey - vakabudirira chinozoiswa imwe yayo huru zvinangwa - kusunungurwa Western Armenia kubva chizvarwa vakawanda kuburikidza kwayo kwedzinza.

Avetik Isahakyan: basa mukushanda "Nemesis"

Kunyange pashure kuguma World War First, Turkey chaparadza mhosva varongi ari vachiurayiwa uye kugara asipo kuna vamwe, kusanganisira nhengo imwe hurumende "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, rufu, vakawanda vavo vaigara zvakanaka Europe. Muna 1919, rimwe boka nenhengo "Dashnaktsutyun" akatanga kutsiva chirongwa. mashandiro avo "Nemesis", iro rinoreva kuparadzwa varongi kuurayiwa chaiko yambokurukurwa. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich akatora kushingaira chikamu mairi.

Maererano akachengetedzwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, hazvina chete kuvhima pasi vatizi kuGermany Turkish mbavha, asi akazvipira kuva shooter yechipiri, iyo akapfurwa Talaat Pasha, kana Soghomon Tehliryan akapotsa. Kupondwa yaimbova gurukota Internal Affairs kweTurkey musi 15 March 1921 muBerlin. Panyaya iyi, kuti kukanganiswa Isahakian haamanikidzwi, asi dare German, ikava rudzi muNuremberg Trial of mladoturkskimi matsotsi nemhosva Armenian nomutsivi.

Kubva kuutapwa

In yechipiri yezana thirties remakore rapfuura, Soviet State kwazova proactive mu vodzokera USSR akakurumbira vakadzidza. Pakati pevaya aizova kunyatsonditsigira kuti kumusha, uye akanga Avetik Isahakyan, uyo wakataura mukati European wokudhinda pakutsigira zhinji matanho rejaya wehurumende. Akadzokera kuna Yerevan muna 1936 uye akasarudzwa sachigaro Armenian Writers 'Union of USSR, Academician of Academy of Sciences uye Republican nhengo Supreme Council. Mudetembi akafa muna 1957 uye akavigwa Pantheon eguta Yerevan.

zvisikwa

Chinhu chikuru chiri chii chinozivikanwa Avetik Isahakyan - nhetembo pamusoro Motherland, pamusoro rinorema mugove zvavo mushandi wake mukutsvaka rusununguko. Vakawanda vari nyanduri uye lyrical nemabasa, iyo famed kuda mukadzi naamai.

Chinokosha enhetembo retellings nengano rakanyorwa naye, vakadai se "mwoyo waamai" ( "Mor Sirte"). Avetik Isahakyan mubasa iri inotiudza jaya, uyo kubva utsinye runako kunoda chiratidzo rudo, mwoyo waamai vake. Mushure zvikuru kuzeza kuti vavhiringidzika jaya anoita chikumbiro anoda uye anouraya mukadzi uyo akaita kuti chiedza. Paakanga anongovangira ake anodiwa, zvino anogumburwa, asi mwoyo mai vake maoko akati: "mukomana wangu murombo, hamuna kukuvadzwa pachako?"

Zvino kuti munoziva sei upenyu zvakaoma akararama Avetik Isahakyan. Poems muna Armenian, zvakasikwa naye, vakati vachinzwa zvakaipa zvose zvikoro yokumusha kwake, uye kubatsira vakomana nevasikana kudzidza nemakore uchenjeri vanhu vakapfeka chedetembo.