Principate in Ancient Rome - chii ichocho?

Principate in Ancient Rome - iri rinokosha nguva munhoroondo mangwanani Empire wake, kubvira wa1 remakore BC. e. kune 3rd remakore BC. e. mubati simba pamamiriro ichikosha anosanganisa zvinhu poumambo uye utongi hwegutsaruzhinji. Musoro State yainzi princeps, t. E. wokutanga pakati kuenzana. Saka, iye akasimbisa democratic hunhu kwesimba rake. Akanga zvakare sechinoitika wavarwi vanhu, nokudaro unobva kuna chiso chako wandei mabasa uye masimba.

Tanga kunyoresa

Principate in Ancient Rome - iri rinokosha hurumende, ane nheyo zvakachengeterwa Yuliy Tsezar. Zvisinei, chokupedzisira pakagadzwa hurumende hurongwa yakatanga kusvika pakutonga nguva mutsivi wake Octavian Augustus. Kunyange 1st remakore BC. e. Republican Masangano varega zvinodiwa akapakatira kwakawedzera simba. Nepo paiva guta-polis, gutsaruzhinji vakuru zvinobudirira kuongorora uye kuzvidzora, zvisinei, paakatanga kuumba umambo, masangano aya havana kukunda mabasa avo. Principate in Ancient Rome - iri Transitional nguva pakati zvokuvhoterwa uye autocratic umambo. Chokwadi kuti Kesari haana kuda pakarepo kugumisa yekare Republican masangano uye akasika munhu wokutsiva ari muchimiro kudzorwa ino, vairinda yekare Kutarisirwa features, asi panguva iyoyo kwakabatsira kusimbisa simba mutongi bedzi.

zviri zvokuvhoterwa

Kana itsva maitiro zvinhu zvakachengetedzwa kwehurumende yekare. Somuenzaniso, achiri kuunganidzwa misangano yavose. Pasi pfungwa iyi zvesayenzi akaratidza kuunganidzwa zvose vomunyika mukuru chedzimudzangara enyika kupfuura dzinokosha. Munguva yekare zvokuvhoterwa iri kuenda mhando dzakawanda misangano: propertied, revatongi uye mukuru, asina kurambidzwa. Principate in Ancient Rome - ndiro danho kuti akachengetedza sangano iri rinokosha, asi vakarasikirwa mutengo wavo panguva iyi. Uyezve, vakaona, uori, pfumbamuromo uye kunyange kurwisa makanzura.

Seneti chinzvimbo

anotonga ichi inokosha zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa, asi masimba aro ikozvino zvishoma. Basa nhengo yaro akaderedzwa chete chokuti dzinobvumira mitemo izvo vakabva musoro wehurumende. Saka akatanga kutarira zvakasiyana Ancient Rome. kwavabati nguva inenge zvachose ayo political ruvara rweganda, pasinei pachena nokuchengetedzwa yekare. Zvino weSeneti kwaingova musangano vamiririri yekare patrician nemhuri inotungamirirwa mambo pachake, uyo anonzi yokutanga pakati pavo. Under Diocletian, rinodzora akatsauka muguta kanzuru, uye pasi Constantine akasikwa yechipiri weSeneti muguta guru idzva, wakapiwa vakaenzana kodzero tsaru. Saka, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zviratidzo of Old Republic pakupedzisira vakarasikirwa ayo utungamiri ukoshi.

kuchinja mu August

Enyika kwavabati muRoma yekare akatanga kuchinja pakupera kwezana 1st remakore BC. e. - 1st remakore BC. e. Saka akava mutongi weSeneti muviri zakonosoveschatelnogo mune zvemitemo muviri. Chokwadi chokuti mambo mutsva akaratidza zvakasimba kuzvipira kwavo kune hurumende yakare kuti achengetedze simba rayo pakati pavanhu uye kunatsiridza mamiriro avo. Kodzero pamusoro zvemitemo chirongwa kunogara vehurumende. The Seneti rakaramba nezvandakatonga kushanda, kunyange chaizvoizvo simba rose chikuru munzvimbo iyi akachengetedza mambo. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma zvokuvhoterwa ive umambo akatendeuka Ancient Rome. Early Empire (Principate akanga Danho wayo wokutanga) vachiri kuramba pakuonekwa yekare democratic murayiro.

muviri mutsva

Mutongi chaizvoizvo dzokurasa nharaunda yose hurumende kunyange nemashoko akasimbisa zvakasimba kukosha pakuchengetedza Seneti. Zvisinei, kuti rinodzora ichi varasikirwa kukosha kwayo, runoratidzwa ndechokuti pasi Agasto akaumba mutsva Advisory muviri - the Council of princeps. Its basa raiva kugadzirira zvirongwa siyana, izvo vakabva pasi kuti kufunga weSeneti aine chiratidzo kufarirwa zano nokuda mambo, izvo chaizvoizvo zvaireva kudiwa afarirwe. zano iri akaenda akasanangurwa vakuru, consuls uye vamiririri vehurumende. Muna '13 BC. e. muviri mamiriro kwave kuchiita zvimwe zvachinja nenzira kusimbisa umambo, sevamwe nhengo dzayo vagamuchira mamiriro kwoupenyu hwose mutongi nemakurukota uye chisarudzo vakagamuchira simba mutemo.

Seneti sezvamunoita kuchinja

The mamiriro ezvinhu ekare eRoma panguva hugota kwave kuchiita kuchinja nenzira kuwedzera masimba mambo. August akasarudza kuderedza uwandu vakuru, uwandu iyo yakawedzera zvikuru yaitonga vamutangira. Muna 29 CE. e. iye akagadzwa aongororwe uye dzadzimwa kubva ichi chikuru vanhu vanenge 200 kuzvidzora. Izvi vasingagoni asi kuchera nzvimbo weSeneti, zvikuru simba pashure masimba ake akanga rakaderedzwawo. Emperor pashure imwe nguva kwakaderedza nhamba quaestors kuitira kudzivisa kumwe updating weSeneti.

vamwe kuchinja

Kuwedzera nezviyero izvi, muna August vakawedzera pfuma zvinodiwa kuti nezvenzvimbo Senator. Iyewo zvakachinja cheVaapositori hurongwa. Kubvira anogadza vamwe uwandu nhengo, uye nokuda kushaya mukuru fines vakanga vawedzera kuti mumwe mhando chidimbu. Akaedzawo kuvandudza vakapinda weSeneti, asi haana kushandisa kuita zvavaida. Asi zvichida chinonyanya kukosha kuchinja ndechokuti sezvo pamusana abolition pakati pambiru censors akava hwose chinzvimbo vakuru. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti ayo sezvamunoita hamucharambi kushandurwa uye yoku-, izvo zvakaita kuti kupera simba rayo munzanga Roman uye akabatsira kusimbisa simba mambo. Last akarambidza kuti vabve munyika, izvo ichikutadzisa mabasa avo. Saka, pasi Augustus kupesvedzera Seneti musi vatorwa mutemo, utariri uye kwemauto zvemari simba zvikuru.

Kusimbisa simba mambo

Nokuti Nguva principate in Ancient Rome, dzinoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nokusimbaradza nzvimbo mutongi mukuru. Akatanga coffers zvake uye kubvira ipapo dzokurasa takasununguka pasina kutora chikamu weSeneti. Uyezve, zviri maSeneta vakarasikirwa aichimbova kuita paumbwe uto. Somuenzaniso, pakutanga wa1 remakore BC. e. mumaruwa vakanga mumwe chete neRegiyoni hondo dzose, apo Octavian aigona kupindira kugadzwa vehondo uye nevatedzeri. Principate uye Dominat muRoma yekare - zviri matanho maviri munhoroondo Empire State. Nokuti maitikiro kunoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nokusimbaradza poumambo. Change ndavhiyiwa nzira yesarudzo kuti vehurumende. Pakutanga, mubati chete yakatarwa nzvimbo idzi vatsigiri vavo, uye akamubvisa paushe vasingadiwi vanhu. Ipapo akatanga sarudza vanhu, uye vanhu vatendera. Ndokuguma sezvo zvose ndechokuti mambo akanga achangobva gadza vatambi vemhosva kuti vasanyanya hurumende. Zvisinei, zvakanga akaponeswa plebiscites - achipokana pamusoro bhiri.

simba pamusoro August

Pakutanga, akaedza pfungwa inokosha zvepamusoro uye masimba mumaoko avo. Saka, iye akafunga kuti simba guru iri mumatunhu (nzvimbo umambo), uyewo zvakakwana paupamhi masimba guru (musoro Tribune). Augustus aiva wokutanga uyo vakabatana yake munhu ari panzvimbo mbiri, sezvo vatongi simba kupfuura pamberi pake aishandisa masimba chete okudzvinyirira. Nguva Principate uye nesimba muRoma yekare - izvi zviviri matanho zvinokosha umambo. Pakutanga, mubati akazova mutongi sepasi enyika. Anotiwo chinzvimbo chinokosha muna State Mumiriri, kuzodzosera kusarudzwa rimwe gore. Seneti akasunungura pachake mutongi zvokutonga ongororo. August akanakidzwa zvose masimba wavarwi vanhu, zvakamupa kodzero kuti mitemo uye kuti kurambidza zvisarudzo akatorwa ambotaurwa. Chimwe utsanzi inokosha, zvichiratidza nokusimbaradza youmambo simba - ndiyo Urongwa kodzero kutsvaka ruregerero nemhosva chete kuna mambo, kwete vanhu Assembly, rakanga riri pamberi.

Dambudziko yokugara

The Zvakashatira mambo mutsva akanga mamiriro kugadzwa nomunhu. Sezvo nguva hugota mutongi akanga asiri oga mutakuri simba guru, aisagona agadze mutsivi wake. mubvunzo uyu ndiwo kunyanya chakasimba kare kumusoro Octavian, vasingagoni kusarudza munhu aizomutsiva. Pakutanga, chikuru kukwikwidza aiva muzukuru wake uye mwanakomana-muna Marcellus. Zvisinei, akafa, uye afa August, zviremera vakaenda kwaari stepson, mambo Tibheriyo.

Kuenda kwavabati muna Dominat

Zvishoma nezvishoma simba mambo akawedzera zvokuti pakupedzisira akarasa Seneti masimba yasara. Principate kuumbwa pasi Diocletian. Kubva, mambo pachake kuti mitemo, gadzai vatariri nevamwe vakuru vakuru. Zvisinei, hugota rakaramba zvisaririra: tsaru pakuchengetedzwa imwe nguva zviripo. Zvikurukuru azvinoita vatongi, zvisinei, iyo, zvino vava chete honorary rokuremekedza uye handichisiri nezvaanoita muupenyu enyika yeRoma muvanhu. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa pano kuti, pasinei pakagadzwa simba anenge risingaperi chamambo, kutsivana haana kusimbiswa kusvikira pakuguma. Zvinetso yokugara kumbochinja. Saka Principate munhau Roman - ndiwo kukosha Danho yokuchinjira kubva kare zvokuvhoterwa kuti umambo. Uku yakaitwa nekaupenyu nyarara akavonga muchidimbu kuti romunhu wokuti Octavian, uyo yose kwake, akakwanisa achengetedze Republican tsika uye panguva imwecheteyo kusimbisa simba rake.