The chepamusorosoro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin. Description Moscow Kremlin shongwe

The chepamusorosoro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin - ndiye Tower chikamu kumadokero huru parusvingo, ndabva Alexander Garden. Inonzi yoUtatu, ndiye kufamba uye yechipiri pakukura. The shongwe iri korona munhu nesadhio nyeredzi, uye kamwe pairi, uyewo nomusi Spassky vezhe (Old Russian zita), chime yakarembera.

Ibwe yekare chena Kremlin

Kunyange Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy mumakore 1366-1368 vakanga yakatsiviwa womuti parusvingo Kremlin. Mashoko kubva izvo kuvaka masvingo itsva uye shongwe, kazhinji rave rakajeka reraimu kana "ibwe jena", waiva saka akapfuma nechepakati mudunhu Russia. Ndiwo mavambo uye chiratidzo Moscow yekare - "ibwe jena". Zvisinei, imba zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kusimba uye chakasakara masvingo. Restoration basa kuitwa nguva dzose, saka kuti pane zvakawanda uchapupu yaMakoronike. Saka, muna 1462 ari Moscow mushambadzi Vasiliem Dmitrievichem Ermolinym, uyo panguva iyoyo aitarisira rokuvaka zvose inoshanda panguva senyika, chikuru yokugadzirisa masvingo rikaparadzirwa kubva pagedhi kuti Borovitsky Sviblovo strelnitsa. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo "ndeupi shongwe ose Kremlin ndiye soro", unofanira kuziva zvose, kusanganisira mukuru rokuvakazve masvingo uye neshongwe kuti, pasinei mikuru kugadziridza, vakaramba "enda." Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Ivan III Mukuru, kuwedzere, nenzira, iyo Moscow hugota size 6 nguva, chirevo wakapiwa okupedzisira chetatu XV remakore, somugumisiro aurayiwe iyo Moscow Kremlin, masvingo aro uye shongwe kunge inini yakakura nokubatanidzwazve.

New Kremlin dzvuku chidhinha

Kuti vawane chinangwa dzacho Grand Duke of Moscow rinokoka kuItari nomukurumbira vanatenzi pamusoro mapurani, vachitungamirirwa izvo pamwe 1485 kunotanga Kuongorora chena ibwe pryasel (nzvimbo pakati shongwe maviri), masvingo nenhare pachavo. Kwemakore gumi, pamusoro-nzvimbo parsed masvingo dzakavakwa itsva, ichi nguva nezvidhina. Panguva rokuvakazve ichi nharaunda Kremlin akanga yakawedzera achabatanidza mugove nechokuchamhembe wakakombwa. Zvino raiva 27.5 hectares uye awana chinhu mugari Triangle chimiro. Chinoronga nhare ano. Basa akatungamirirwa vokuItaly. Naizvozvo hapana zvinoshamisa pakuti rokumusoro mugumo masvingo, akashongedzwa shongwe, Veigy zvose (Old Russian zita), kusanganisira chirefu kupfuura shongwe Moscow Kremlin, ndizvo chaizvo akafanana Italian nematende - Scaligero muna Verona uye Milan vake Sforza Castle.

Moscow shongwe nhare

Total Moscow Kremlin ane shongwe 20. Three rekona - Vodovzvodnaya, Beglemishevskaya uye Corner Arsenal - shongwe chikamu dzakaimomotera, apo vamwe, kusanganisira chirefu kupfuura shongwe Moscow Kremlin - pachivara. Of yose Ensemble, makore kunyanya chete manyorerwo, pamire Nikolskaya shongwe yakatarisana Red Square, izvo 1812 chiFrench rakavhuvhuta. Apo mabasa kudzorerwa kuitwa racho O. I. Bove, iye akapa gothic Kutarira uye dzakapendwa chena. All vezhi chimiro uye kukwirira zvakasiyana mumwe. Saka ndeupi wavo-soro neshongwe Kremlin? Trinity. Chii uye kupi? Chii nhoroondo yaro?

fryazhskie ezvivako

A zvachose gadziridzo of Kremlin chaibatanidzwa Aleviz Fryazin (Milanese), uyo akauya kuMoscow muna 1494. Muna 1495 aiitawo kuvaka masvingo nenhare mumahombekombe Neglinnaya River. Stone pamakamuri vakanga kuvakwa pasi utungamiriri hwake (makore 1499-1508). Muna 1508 iye akavaka dhamu iri murwizi, iyo ikatanga pamwe kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu Kremlin rusvingo. Pamusana pavo mvura pamwero murwizi akasimuka zvakadaro kuzadza nomugero akasikwa porusvingo yakatarisana Red Square. Kubva 1508 kusvika 1516 pasi peDare Milanese vakachera. Ezvo vakavaka kumusoro-soro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Fryazin - harisi zita, mumwe remadunhu- kuti wakapiwa vose Western vanachiremba Russian vakabva wokumaodzanyemba Europe. Anouya kubva kururama shoko "Franc". Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zvaiwanzova kuvhiringidzika. Aloísio mambo Milano, Aleviz Fryazin Milanese uye Aloísio Da Karezano (kana Carcano) - tiri mumwe chete munhu, kuvaka shongwe Utatu uye Bon Fryazin akakwidziridza belfry "Ivan Veliky". Panguva iyoyowo, Ivan III vakokwa Moscow mumwe Aleviz Fryazin, asi Venitsiantsa kana New. Vaiva kunyange zvakajairika zita - fryazhskie ezvivako. Kuwedzera kune izvi "Fryazinov" kana "fryagov" vakakokwa Ivan III Great vaiva Marco Ruffo uye Pietro Antonio Solari ukuwo, Mark Peter Fryazinov.

Kremlin memasvingo

Saka,-soro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin rakavakwa kubva 1495 kusvika makore 1499 Aleviz Fryazin Milanese. Zvino rusvingo of Kremlin yokutanga - Taynitskaya Tower (pakati iri kumaodzanyemba enyika Kremlin rusvingo) - kwakatangwa July 14, 1485. Pashure paizvozvo, neshongwe vakaiswa kumisha kushanda anenge ose gore. The tsva - Imperial Tower - yakavakwa muna 1680. Special mashoko akakodzera rusvingo Kremlin, kusanganisira achifamba ari Neglinnaya River. Pakati chidimbu ichi ndicho chikuru North Tower of Moscow Kremlin. Total urefu rusvingo akaenzana 2235 metres, nokukwirira zvichisiyana 5 kusvika 19 m. The Ukobvu masvingo kubva 3.5 kusvika 6,5 mamita aiva vanopfuura-kuburikidza pakutanga, asi zvino akasungirwa pamusoro yoga migove ungwandangwanda.

rakasiyana rusvingo

Towers dzakaparadzaniswa imwe kure, izvo zvinogona kukurira mukana, vakaisa pamusoro porusvingo. Yakafara kunosvika apo 2, uye kupi uye 4 mamita. Kunze kwayo akadzivirirwa nyanga mbiri mazino ane kukwirira akaenzana 2-2.5 m, uye pakukora -. 0,65-0,7 M Total nhamba mazino murindi dzinongoda akapoteredza mukomberedzo akaenzana 1045 zvidimbu. Sagittarians vari parusvingo akanga chivanze divi akafukidzwa rumhanda rusvingo. Pakutanga ndima rakafukidza mukoko kanopi pasi izvo zvaibvira kutizira okunze akaipa, uye rusvingo chaizvo akafukidza kubva kuparadza mvura uye echando. denga Izvi inopiswa XVIII remakore, uye zvakawanda haina yakadzorerwa.

History of zita

Sezvo chepamusorosoro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin akadana Utatu, zvinokosha kuziva kuti nei iye akapiwa zita iri, kunyanya kubvira pakutanga nayo kuremekedza vavanenge Epiphany, ipapo Rizpolozhensky Znamenskaia pashure uye Kuretnoy uye kuitika iye akahwina chete muna 1658 zita kubudikidza nomurayiro chamber Alexei Mikhailovich nokuda kugara mundima Kremlin Trinity farmstead. Previous mazita chokuita machechi ari Kremlin uye pedyo zvamambo murairidzi imba.

vakawanda yepakutanga

Highest Kremlin (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa) shongwe ine zvinotevera parameters: kubva Alexander Garden, akavaka apo asati paiva rwizi Neglinnaya, vapinda mutopota, nekukwirira Veigy pamwe nyeredzi 80 metres, pasina - 76,35, kudivi romukati - azvaitwa 69,3 uye 65,65 m. shongwe iyi zvaiyambuka. Masuwo aro kubva inception kwayo pakuguma XVII ichaongororwa rechipiri anokosha pashure Spassky.

Vakashumira kuti ndima kuti matare vanamambokadzi, machindakadzi uye tateguru. Muna 1516, rakanyorwa Utatu Tower mhiri Neglinnaya River aiva zambuko yakaguma zvinoyerera strelnitsa kana Barbican, akadana iyi Kutafya shongwe. It akashumira nhare panzvimbo yokutanga kudzivirira mberi suwo. Ndiyo chete asara neshongwe Kremlin bridgehead. Kupindana amborairwa Troitsky Bridge, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi pamusoro munhoroondo Moscow, yakavakwa panzvimbo rokutanga ibwe zvivako guru iri, iyo yakavakwa XIV remakore.

Wechipiri kukosha

Chii soro peshongwe Moscow Kremlin, uye nei asina Muponesi huru? Zviri pachena, dzimwe yenhoroondo Soviet, zvinorehwa Trinity Gates akawedzera kuti zvakanga kuburikidza navo March 12, 1918 V. I. Lenin akasvika Kremlin. Kuburikidza Trinity Gates akauya pano, Napoleon, kuburikidza navo akamhanya achibva Kremlin. Achidzokera aine kukunda madzimambo zvakanga Trinity Bridge, ipapo ivo kwazvo akaperekedza kuna Gate Spassky. Pakutanga-soro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin (mufananidzo zvakabatanidzwa) wakapata basa rinokosha munhau yose Moscow. Ndicho soro, asi kwete huru nekuti haana kuenda Red Square.

Zvakafanana uye misiyano

With pakuguma kuvakwa shongwe iyi rakapedzwa pakusikwa masvingo ose chikamu okumusoro-yokumadokero masvingo - rwuno Kremlin akava haripindiki. Huge shongwe pamusoro yapera mazino, tende yemapuranga akanga hipped. The zvinyorwa kubva 1585, shongwe ichi chaiva chime kuti anoenzanisa ayo kufanana Muponesi. Uyezve, vose vakanga yakaiswa maviri misoro gondo, chiratidzo Russia Utatu aiva mukuru, vakaungana kubva wandei zvidimbu akakiya. Zvino muna 1685 yakavakwa pamusoro munhu multi-Tiered uye yakakwirira ibwe marquee turrets chena, mumwe chena ibwe kushongedzwa, rakafanana huru Spassky shongwe yava guru chaizvo. Chokwadi, gare gare akatondibatsira mumwe gore chime idzva akaturika (pavanenge inopiswa nomoto of Moscow muna 1812, havachisiri rakadzorerwa).

Zvinhu muchechi mapurani

Musi mubvunzo ndeupi shongwe pakati Kremlin ndiye soro, unogona kupindura: icho korona pedengu pamwe masere ane kuburikidza smotritelnuyu chikamu. Zvinorevei? Shoko rokuti "Zimbabwe Educational pamusoro quadrangle" ndiwo mufananidzo mapurani sezvamunoita, kunyanya Mumachechi. Octagonal kana octagonal configuration, uriri pamire mativi mana, zvakawanda yakafara anotsanangura. mumwe sezvamunoita kwakadaro aiita Pokuda denga, iro rakapa kuvakwa dynamism, zvakanga, akavapindurawo, ari akakurumbira kuchiitwa Moscow Baroque. Mumakereke anokudzwa Estates iri octagonal bhero raiva, sezvingatarisirwa, akanga asina glazed uye browse kuburikidza. Troitskaya Tower, okumusoro tiers izvo dzakavakwa pamusoro ichi mhando akatarira zvakanakisa kubva pari Alexander Garden. Izvi akwanise ndechokuti makona uye strelnitsa dzichengeterwe turrets siyana uye shongwe. Vamwe vakatorwa panguva pakuwedzera pokunzvenga napo muna 1707 nokuda nechokuita ngozi Swedish nechisimba. Part - iri pakusvika panguva Trinity Tower yamabhuku Ushumiri of Imperial Court. Rakavakwazve kunyange richikura.

The hombe, masere storey

The chepamusorosoro neshongwe Kremlin muMoscow ane nhanhatu pamusoro-pasi uye vaviri uriri pevhu. Deep wedzimba vaiva pakutanga kuzvidzivirira uye uto zvinangwa. Zvadaro, muna XVI-XVII remakore, wedzimba idzi dzave ikava mujeri. Izvi uriri zvikuru pevhu dzakafukunurwa 1851. Kubvira ivepo, Troitskaya Tower zvaishandiswa dzakasiyana. Ndakanga pano kusvikira 1895 yamabhuku of Imperial Court, uye zvino Presidential kwaya anoiswa mariri.

Kremlin nyeredzi

Mukuwedzera, chepamusorosoro neshongwe Kremlin muMoscow - mumwe shanu korona nyeredzi. Borovitskaya Spasskaya uye Nikolskaya uye Vodovzvodnaya - zviri shongwe mana armorial mabheyaringi of Imperial Russia vakanga yakatsiviwa nyeredzi. Maererano nguvo maoko anogona kubvunza mubvunzo, ndizvo chaizvo kushanda mu emibvunzo: The mhinduro yaizova: mumwe musi akamira kusvikira 1935 mukuru (nguva Rusimudzirwo - 1830), gondo kaviri okushayiwa "Ndoupiko shongwe of Moscow Kremlin ndiye soro?". "Muduku" (1912) yaiva Muponesi. Zvino chikatsiviwa nyeredzi yokutanga. Nyeredzi vokutanga vaiva-akaafukidza nendarama Semi-anokosha nekutambudzika - yairema kumirangariro tani. Naizvozvo denga Spassky, Utatu uye Borovetskoy shongwe kare kusimbiswa. Zvisinei, Semi-anokosha nyeredzi nokukurumidza kwakapera, uye muna 1937 akasarudza todzitsiva luminous nyeredzi nesadhio girazi.

Kusiyana of Kremlin shongwe

Sei munhu anogona here kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii soro neshongwe Kremlin? Kana kutarira marongerwo urongwa, tinogona kuona kuti neshongwe wa15 Muponesi vezhi (vaverengwa ndiro counterclockwise) uye ane chikuru - Utatu, mumwe ngaubve wake zambuko. Mumwe nomumwe ari 20 vezh Kremlin rakasiyana nemamwe, ine nhoroondo yacho, uye kurondedzera kanenge zvechipameso, mumwe nyaya hazvina kukwana.