"Golden Parachute" - chii ichocho? Chii chikuru chakakura che "golden parachute"?

"Golden Parachute" - chii ichocho? Imwe mitsva inofananidzwa yeRussia inoreva kubhadhara kwekunakidza mari kunowanikwa kumukuru wepamusoro kana akadzingwa nekambani nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingakwanisi kuzvidzora. Parizvino, vatungamiri vashoma vekumba vanogona kuzvirumbidza nehutano hwokuparadzanisa nekunyora kubva kune vashandi. Kusvika pari zvino mashomanana mashomanana anoshandisa tsika iyi, achifunga kuti yakasiyana nemafungiro edu.

Kubviswa kwe "top"

"Golden Parachute" - chii ichocho? Sezvo shanduro yezvemari "Finam" inotaura, iyi inopa mari, inowanikwa kune vatungamiri vakakwirira vekambani-sangano rekubatana munguva yekubatana kwayo. Mukuwedzera, vashandi veAO vanogona kushandisa mari yekugadzirisa chirongwa chakadaro chekudzivirira kutora kutora. Panguva imwe chete, zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvinotungamira kushanda kwekambani yemakambani akabatanidzwa zvinogadziriswa, maererano nehupi hutungamiri hunova nemari yakasimba, kubhadharwa kukuru kwekubhadhara, nezvimwewo mukana wokudzingwa pamatongerwo emudzidzi mutsva.

Kungotaura, "parachute yegoridhe" painobudiswa isungano yakagadzwa nekambani yemukuru wekambani, iyo inopa kubhadhara mari yakawanda mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, kubhadhara kunogona kubhadharwa pamusana pemari yepamusoro kana mwedzi wega wega nenzira yekubhadhara kunyange mushure mekuguma kwehukama hwemabasa. Imwe nzira inosarudzwa - kupa kwezvimwe zvikomborero sekugoverana mapeji kana rebhadharo yepenjeni.

Ichi chiitiko chinongova kubuda muRussia. Makore mashanu kana manomwe apfuura hapakanga pasina kutaurwa kwekupihwa kupi. Kakawanda, usati wabhadhara, mushandi anogadza mamiriro ezvinhu, somuenzaniso, kwete kuendesa kushanda mumakambani anokwikwidzana kwenguva yakati.

Chii icho?

Mari iyo inobvunzwa ichi inowanikwa kunyanya kudzorera kusagutsikana kwekudzingwa mutungamiriri mukuru. Mukuwedzera, inofungirwa kuti kupfuura kungowedzera zvakasimba kutengesa kunodzivirira kukanganisa mukati mekambani, zvakadai sekuregererwa kwezvinhu. Imwe pfungwa inokosha: "parachute" inokonzera migumisiro yakaipisisa yepati iyo inowedzera sangano repamutemo, uye inopesana nekurova kune avo vanodzingwa.

Munyika dzekuMadokero, tsika yekubatanidza chimwe chinhu pamubhadharo kana chiitiko chekugumisa kushamwaridzana kwebasa kwakanyanya. Zvinoshamisa kuti vashandi veAmerica neEurope vanopa kwete vatungamiri vepamusoro pekambani neexit anobatsirwa , asiwo vashandi vepakati pepamusoro.

Kurongwa

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevashandi uye ukuru hwekubhadhara, pane "goridhe", "sirivha" uye "tinny" "parachutes". Zvakare zvakagadzirirwa vatungamiri, vekupedzisira kune vatungamiri vepakati, uye chechitatu yevatungamiri vekutungamira uye vakuru vakuru.

Ukuru hwe "golden parachute" yemutungamiri mukuru inogona kupfuura miganhu yose inofungidzirwa. Izvo zvinhu zvose zvinoenderana nekutungamirirwa kwekambani uye munda webasa. Nokudaro, chikuru "parachuts" "chinoratidzwa" kune vashandi uye mabhengi. Somuenzaniso, muU.SA (yaiva ipapo iyo pfungwa yakaberekerwa) munyaya inozivikanwa zvikuru muna 2008, mabhizimisi ekushayikwa kwekutsvaga mabhizimisi akakundikana kusiya zvisungo zvakasimbiswa, saka kunyange mabhengi akabhadhara vatungamiri vepamusoro mabhiriyoni emadhora ekubhadhara.

Kurasikirwa kukuru kwebhangi kwakaita kuti US Congress ivhote chisarudzo chekudzivirira mitero yekubhadhara uye pakuongorora kwakakwana kwemisha yevatungamiri vepamusoro.

Uye isu tiri sei?

MuRussia, tsika "parachute" yakaumbwa mumamiriro ehupfumi zvakanyanya. Chete munaAgasti 2009 zvigadziriswa kumutemo "Pa Joint Stock Companies" zvakatangwa ne Federal Service for Financial Markets. Somugumisiro, mari yakagamuchirwa kune vatungamiri vakuru uye nhengo dzeboka revatungamiri, avo vane hukama hwehutano huripo huripo husati hwave purogiramu . Zvinonzwisisika kuti nhasi zvichiri kunyanya kutaurira kuti taure pamusoro pemutemo wakanaka pane izvi. Ndicho chikonzero chichiripo nenyaya dzakaoma dzedambudziko iyo masangano anotora kupa "paradhiso dzegoridhe" kuvatungamiri vepamusoro vanofanira kutarisana.

Tichivimba nemutemo weRussia, tinoona kuti iye zvino "parachute yegoridhe" mamiriro ezvinhu ekubhadharwa kwezvinhu kana paine kuguma kwehukama hwemabasa, iyo inorondedzerwa mubvumirano chebasa kana kuti yakagadziriswa sechimwe chibvumirano chakawedzerwa pakati pemushandi uye kumushandi. Munyaya iyi, mari inobhadharwa munyaya dzinotevera:

- kubvisa nekubvumirana kwevamwe mapato akasaina chibvumirano chebasa (Chitsauko 78 cheRC RF);

- kubviswa pamusana pekuderedzwa kwevashandi (Chinyorwa 81, ndima 2 yeRC RF);

- kubudiswa kwekambani (Chitsauko 81, chinhu 1);

- kubviswa kwebasa rekuzvisarudzira kwake (Chitsauko 80);

- kuchinja kwemuyo wekambani (inoshandawo kune mukuru wekambani, musoro uye vanhu vanomudzorera, Chinyorwa 81, ndima 4).

Muzvokwadi, kubhadharwa kwepamutemo kwezvinonzi izvo zvinonzi mubhadharo muRussia hazvisi zvakakurumbira. Izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya kuitika nekudzingwa kwevatorwa vokunze kana vezvenyanzvi vekudzimba yepamusoro-soro nehuwandu hwebasa kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinetso cheRussia chinetso ndiko kuoma mukupa mari yekupa mubhadharo maererano nekuverenga kwemahomwe pasi pezvinonzi maitiro emagetsi.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha, mari kana kuonga?

Kazhinji munhu anogona kuona mamiriro ezvinhu aya: kutungamirirwa kwekambani inosarudza kuti haisisina zvinodiwa nemumwe mutungamiriri wepamusoro, sezvo hutungamiri huri kutarisirwa nechokugadziriswa. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti munhu arege kugamuchira mari, asi kuremekedza mafungiro evashandi, nokuti anozviona semunhu ane ruzivo uye anokosha. Makambani mazhinji eRussia akatarisana nechinetso ichi munguva yenhamo ya2008. Kunyanya panguva iyoyo, vanhu vanobatanidzwa mu real estate uye inshuwarisi vanotambura.

Nzira yekuita sei kuvimbika kwevakadzingwa?

"Golden Parachute" - chii ichocho? Mari yekugadziriswa iri pasi pekufunga inobvumira kuchengetedza mafungire akanaka emuimbova mushandi kune kambani, pasinei nechikonzero chekuvhiringidzwa kwesungano yebasa. Muchiitiko ichi, nyanzvi dzevashandi dzinoongorora zvakakwana zvikonzero zvekusagutsikana kwevanhu vakadzingwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikamu chinokosha chebasa paH HR-brand yehupi sangano rinoremekedza. Ndicho chikonzero nei mumwe nomumwe achibuda mubvunzurudzo yekupedzisira inogadziriswa, maererano nemigumisiro iyo mafungiro ake kumamiriro ekushanda aripo, mubhadharo, vashandi, mushandi anobudiswa.

"Parachute"

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvechokwadi kuti tsika yekubhadhara mari haina kuwanda muRussia? Pane mhinduro dzakawanda kumubvunzo uyu. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuti vazhinji vemakambani epamba vari pasi pekutarisira vadzidzisi, uye "parachute yegoridhe" inoderedza kusarudzwa kwemutungamiriri mukuru kune vashandi vebhizimisi. Kupa mhosva yako kune maoko emutungamiri akaroorwa uye kuzviita zvakasununguka uye zvemari zvisina zvazvinobatsira, uye zvepfungwa zvisina kukanganisa.

Mukuwedzera, kune pfungwa yokuti tsika ye "paradhiso dzegoridhe" panguva yekutora inokonzera kukonzerwa kweanowanikwa chikamu chekambani nevanenge gumi nezviviri kubva muzana, sezvo mari yevashandi vehupfumi vasingatyi kurasikirwa nenzvimbo yavo, iyo inowanzobatanidza kuderera kwehuwandu hwavo.

Chikonzero chechitatu: paunowedzera kubhadhara mari yekufungidzirwa kumari yepamusoro yehuwandu hwepamusoro, varidzi nevatengi vanoita kuti pave nehutano hwe "parachute" kana vasingakwanisi nzira yakajeka yekudzora nekutarisa vashandi vanoshandira.

"Golden Parachute" - chii ichocho? Kana mapato achiita zvakanaka, inova chikonzero chokuvandudza kushanda kwebasa. Semuenzaniso, muridzi anoda kutarisa kambani inotengeswa, asi haana chokwadi nezvekubudirira kwekutengesa. Kuti awane mari, anotora boka revashandi, mumwe nomumwe anovimbisa kubhadhara mibairo yezvinhu sechipo chekuwana mari.

Iyi nzira inoshanda apo vanhu havazorasikirwi uye havana kuedza kushandurana.

Zvakanaka chaizvo

Iyo huru "parachute yegoridhe" "yakaratidzwa" kuna Richard Fulda - aimbova CEO weAmerican bank Lehman Brothers. Mushure mekudzingwa, akazova akapfuma nemamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora. Iko "inodhura" mutariri weimba - Vladimir Strzhalkovsky - wekare-CEO wekambani "Norilsk Nickel". Chikwama chake chakazadza nemamiriyoni zana emadhora. Nzvimbo yechipiri yakatorwa nemukuru wekare weUralkali Denis Morozov. Akabhadhara anenge mamiriyoni manomwe emadhora. Panzvimbo yechitatu, Alexander Provotorov iripo. Uyo aimbova mutungamiriri weRostelecom akagamuchira mamiriyoni mazana maviri eRussia rubles semaripo.

Izvo zvinoitwa nemutungamiriri wenyika. Mutemo "Pamusoro pe" parachutes endarama "

Kurwisana pamusoro pehuwandu hwekubhadharwa kwezvinhu, izvo A. Provotorov akagamuchira, haana kugara kwenguva refu. Mukurwisana kwezvakaitika zvepfungwa panyaya iyi, vatevedzeri vakawanda vakataura kuti kudzivirira "paradhiso" dzegoridhe kunogona kuva chiyero chakanaka mumamiriro ehupfumi aripo. Chiito chacho chakabvumirwa naVladimir Putin. Somugumisiro, muna Chivabvu 2013 mutemo wenyaya wakatanga kuendeswa kuHurumende Duma kuburikidza nekuderedza kubhadhara kune vatungamiri vepamusoro pavanodzingwa. Muna March 2014, yakagamuchirwa neChristian Council. Iye zvino, "golden parachutes" kuvakuru havagoni kuva nematatu emisha yavo. Mukuwedzera, Bhuku Rebasa rave richiwedzererwa neshoko rinotaura kuti mari yekubhadhara haigoni kugamuchirwa nevanhu vanodzingwa nekuda kwechirango chechirango kana nekuda kwemhosva.

Zvinokosha

Zvinyoreswa mutemo mutsva uye kuchinjwa kweTC zvinoshandiswa kune vatungamiriri, vatevedzeri vavo uye vakuru vanyori vekambani dzemakambani enyika uye makambani, SUEs uye MUPs, uyewo mafemu ane kubatanidzwa kwemasisita kana hurumende.