Pushkin nguva vadetembi: mazita mabasa

Vadetembi kuti Pushkin nguva - kutanga kuti ndiye yendarama zera Russian nhetembo uye yakajeka framework 1810-1830 gg. (Nokuti bhuku: kutevera - Silver Age - ane kumiganhu 1894-1929 gg.). Kana chiedza chezuva yendarama anopa, usiku mwedzi - sirivha, asi mumwe nyaya, uye Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo.

Saka, paiva chinhu chakadai - "vadetembi kuti Pushkin nguva"? Pedyo Pushkin akasika chinopenya lyricists zhinji. Asi denderedzwa ichi zvine musoro kuti vadetembi vari pedyo Classics guru pamweya, vaiita naye maonero ouzivi, mumagariro nedzevanhu nechinzvimbo, yetsika uye aesthetic zvitendero, vanhu vakanga nharo chete mabhuku vadzivisi.

Poets Pushkin Times: Pamazita

By vaigadzirira Pamazita ichi, saka unofanira aswedera nokungwarira zvikuru. Kana zvakafanira kuti nechokwadi Zhukovsky Batiushkov uye D. Davidov, ipapo Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva uye atopiwa akataura poslepushkinskoy yaitonga, sezvo vanga mamwe matambudziko uye pathos munhetembo.

Zvisinei, kazhinji zviri vaidavira kuti vanyanduri kuti Pushkin nguva - ndiwo vanhu vaigara uye vaishanda pane imwe nguva Pushkin. Uye pasinei pedyo vakanga zvokunamata uye kubva mabhuku nemaonero, mudetembi mukuru, akanga kusarudza chete kuti vakanga vaita nhetembo panguva, uye kuramba kuvandudza unyanzvi hwavo nokudzidza mumwe.

Saka, ndivanaani vanyanduri kuti Pushkin nguva? The list, Chokwadi, imi kutanga vemifananidzo akadai V. A. Zhukovsky ( "Svetlana", "Gungwa", "Lyudmila," "Mambo Forest," "Evening"), K. Batyushkov ( "Dream", " Message kubva I. M. Muravevu-APÓSTOL "," pachoto wangu "," Ariosto uye Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" isingaori ruva "," misodzi yokuoneka "," Village chechi "," King Peas "" vanhu Good "), DV Davydov (" mupilgrim "," Borodino munda "," Hussar kureurura "," rwiyo wangu "," Uchenjeri "," ndinokudai nokuti ... "," Siskin uye ruva "), F. N. Glinka (" On upenyu piiticheskoy Pushkin kuti "," rondedzero pamusoro hondo Borodino "," Jobho, vakasununguka odrazhanie Mubhuku raJobho, "" Hurray! Nokuti wavanozvisunga matatu kamwe "), M. V. Milonov (" kurutivi Rubella "," To hanzvadzi yangu "," anowira mashizha "," Mharidzo kune varimi "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "mhondi", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") uye vamwe kuti vave kwatoitika vaiva vanyori, uye vamwe vaiva vakuru zvikuru uye ruzivo kupfuura Pushkin pachake. Zvisinei, pashure pokunge asangana naye vakava vachiziva ayo simba migumisiro, zvose dzevanhu uye hwokudhirowa.

Rakajairika uye yakakurumbira musoro yegoridhe zera nhetembo aiva mashoko ane ushamwari. Vadetembi Pushkin Times Batyushkov uye Zhukovsky, uyo akafunga vadzidzisi vake vakanga ayo madzitateguru, asi zvino wenhetembo mhando iyi vakakwana uye akaramba Pushkin pachake. Alexander aida Batiushkov uye akamuti "muzivi yakakwirira womudzimu" uye "Parnassian kufara usimbe" nokuti Batiushkov nhetembo zvakasiyana euphony kana, zvakarurama, pane mimhanzi inzwi. Akarova alliteration kunoshamisa, izvo yakadzokorora nzvanyira "s": "Rufaro muchirimo vosimba"; "Tsime Lovelier" uye zvichingodaro. D.

Navo-lyceum

Zvadaro pazvinhu izvi anofanirawo zvinosanganisira ake vomukirasi, vokusekondari, uye shamwari dzepedyo: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "ode kurufu Byron", "Argives," "Muna 1829", "The zvichaitirwa vadetembi Russian"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "Misodzi rudo", "Sonnet", "Epilogue") uye A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Hope", "October 19", "Three Man Bofu", "The Merry uye chikonzero "," Bricklayer uye muvezi "). Nenzira, wokupedzisira zvechokwadi runako Pushkin akatumidza "vakanaka vaiti", "shamwari uye muvengi" sezvaakaita kwainzi aikwikwidza ake chikuru nhetembo.

Takanga kuti list, uye vakararama uyo akasangana mudetembi mukuru siyana nguva hwake, uye, chokwadi, nemhaka yavo giftedness uye tarenda, ivo vachiri kuwana nzira yayo kupinda unyanzvi mabhuku. Izvi NM Languages ( "The Tempest", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Mambakwedza"), ea Baratynsky ( "achilles", "neMuse", "mapopoma") . nzira dzavo rokusika nayo pedyo, akaparadzanisa pamwe Pushkin.

To Pamazita ichi tinogona kuwedzera rimwe boka - vanhu vakanga tarenda zvishomanana asi pashure kuona simba kwomudzimu unhu uye runako Pushkin kuti shasha, nyore chaizvo kudzidza wenyaya uye kudekara yakajeka uye yakajeka enhetembo manyorerwo. It KF Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "Rufu Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), Fa Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "Motherland"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" tiff "," Kuyanana "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Kusurukirwa "," mapeji White "," Ghost "," mudzimai wangu wekare "), DP Oznobishin (" chishongo " "chakavanzika muporofita," "dhimoni shanje", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "mugove", "Mufananidzo", "Chidzidzo", "Nyeredzi"), uye vamwe.

vatevedzeri

Pazvinhu izvi kwaiva nevamwe vatevedzeri uye epigones pakati Pushkin, uyo akanga achangobva vakakunda wokufananidzira tarenda iri shasha kukuru (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

Vakawanda mazita zvose izvi, - inguva mudetembi Pushkin wacho. Davydov Zvisinei, kurei wepanguva Pushkin, ndezvaiye kudada nzvimbo pazvinhu izvi. Pushkin vaiyemura wokufananidzira mabasa ake, uye vakamhanyira ku "sungisa" ndima.

Hussar Davydov aiva izwi yakasiyana uye zvikuru yepakutanga enhetembo. Akaisa uri mabhuku chifukidzo akashinga uye richizvitenda, witty, achipinda uye fara nyanduri nyanduri vaipinda mitambo yacho-chigomero asina vaizeza kutyora zvatinosiita wakanaka womunzanga uye tsika, iye achiri vaida pakururama uye yakarurama mashoko cutesy unhu, umo akanga kufinhikana .

Gusar-nyanduri

Zvechokwadi, kure nokuva angelvmi zvakanga vanyanduri kuti Pushkin nguva. Davydov Denis Vasilevich pakati shamwari vakashinga akanga akagadzirira chero mabasa, uye mubato "vakasununguka orgy" pakati kurwa. Aisagona kumira careerists uye campaigners, zvose tsvuku tepi uye boora. Iye anogara, kunyange nguva pfupi zororo, usakanganwa pamusoro Motherland uye rechiuto pamberi paro. nhetembo yake akasiyana yazvo nenzira, zvakanga akaberekerwa hondo, rutsigiro, uye zvikamu pakati hondo, uye kuti vaidada.

nyanduri Very yepakutanga Pushkin nguva. Davydov Denis Vasilevich Sezvo muenzaniso chifukidzo kumhanya hussar uye nyanduri razgulnika, saka ziya zvakawanda uye hazvina kubvisa, kana akabatanidza nayo.

In mashoko ake yakarira "hussar" nziyo, satirical nhetembo uye rudo elegy, iye akasika mutsva mhando gamba - airwa Patriot, rusununguko-rudo, kushingaira, pamwe yakazaruka mweya womunhu.

Vyazemsky - nyanduri nguva Pushkin raMwari

Kuramba musoro zvirokwazvo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Pushkin aida uye airemekedza Vyazemsky. Zvairatidzika kwaari kuti nevanopinda pachisikirwo chido uye zvakarurama pfungwa modernity. Yaiva zvemariro erudite murume Encyclopedic ruzivo.

Kunze Vyazemskij - adherent uye theorist wokuRussia romanticism. Asi zvaakanyora, aida kuenda muimba nharo, randakapiwa mabasa mumwe kuoma uye zvishoma muffled mupfungwa uye kudanana kumunetsawo. netsika yake enhetembo kwazvo zvakafanana Pushkin. Vyazemsky vaiona pachake mugari wenhaka XVIII remakore, mumwe kurudza rechiFrench vazivi akadai Voltaire, vakanga vachigona Chizvarwa Kujekerwa.

Pyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky yakabuda sezvo nyanduri nokuda rudo dzidzo uye chikonzero, yava kutorwa liberalism, aiva akasununguka-anofunga, muchirwira zvinobatsira rehurumende uye hurumende mabasa. Zvisinei, basa rake, akanga ari kuchinja, uye vakawanda aiwanzofamba tsika siyana nhetembo - ode mashoko noushamwari rusununguko-rudo, melancholic elegy, ngano, mifananidzo, epigrams, satire uye didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Mumwe vadetembi pakati Pushkin kuti nguva yava Anton Antonovich Delvig kuti, kusiyana Vyazemsky, romanticism ake akapfeka dzenhoroondo Genres. Akashandisa yekare, Roman uye nechiGiriki, enhetembo kukura uye akasarudza zvake nhetembo Genre idyl. Somuenzaniso, migumisiro chete chiitiko kunoitika inotonhorera runyararo pasi pemiti ikapenya kunobva. Ake lyrical - a yose haina kunyanya kushanduka manzwiro avo uye nezvishuvo. Mumwe yakanakisisa nhetembo yake inonzi - "idyl". Pano inotiudza rudo rukuru vaviri vechiduku, vari zvichachengetwawo kune mumwe nokusingaperi. In ake lyrical yokunyora nokudhirowa akakwanisa kubudisa zvinhu, ongorora uye nevaitonga izvi tsitsi. The chaiye vamwari uye tsitsi navo, uye kunyange apo vatambi vakafa, mauto yakakwirira wairindwa murazvo rudo rwavo.

Patinoverenga mabasa Delvig zvingaita sokuti ari kunonoka classicist, uyo akazviratidza kudanana nguva (chichiudza ayo manyorerwo, ukuru uye Genre, akatorwa chete panguva classicists). Asi kutarirwa kwavari hakuna zvakakodzera. Delvig - chaicho kudanana Kushuva refu-vakarasikirwa Makarekare, maererano contingent nyika venguva kuwirirana uye kuwirirana.

Iye mwoyo munzanga yanhasi, apo pane kare rudo rwechokwadi uye ushamwari, apo munhu anonzwa dissonance pamwe vanhu, pamwechete pachavo uye kutya remangwana. Delvig akatanga kuti Genre idyl kujairika nokuda Genre ichi nokusuwa nokuti kuguma yendarama zera.

Pushkin panyaya akabvumirana Delwig, iyewo aiziva kuti Anobvumirana uye akanaka, pakupedzisira kufa, asi gare gare vakadzoka, chete nguva ino yakasiyana zvachose fomu. Kusuwa uye nhamo, kusuruvara uye neshungu, uyewo zvose akanaka, - pfupi vaeni ino uye zvinosuwisa, havana simba zvachose.

korona Beautiful inonzi yendarama makore vanyanduri vari nguva Pushkin raMwari. Delvig - mumwe chinokosha ayo kushongedzwa.

NM Languages

Zvakasiyana chaizvo mune inzwi rakanga nhetembo Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, uyo akanyora pamusoro kudanana pathos rusununguko kwevanhu. Aidavira mariri saka isingadzorwi nomufaro uye kumbotamba ruzivo upenyu. Languages - nguva nyanduri Pushkin, uyo aida upenyu uye aigara wakafara wake wildness zvose kuonekwa. Kwakadaro mafungire asina hakubvi chero kwouzivi kana enyika maonero, zvakanga richizvitenda. Languages regai kuongorora uye edza kunzwisisa. Lyrics ake vari rinotarisa mamiriro munhu ave changamire uye vakasununguka hwakanaka. Mune dzimwe zvaakasika achiri zvadzikira zvimwe rima uye kusuruvara, asi kashoma kwazvo, zviitiko zvakadai chisingawanzoitika sezvazviri. Ichi mupfungwa hakusi inotyisa, kwete simba, uye nyore zvakakwana kukunda.

The mutauro wokufananidzira pamusoro munyori akaratidza zvakajeka uye nechido mamiriro uchifara uye rudo rukuru upenyu. Nokudaro kwayo nechepakati Genres - nziyo uye dzokurumbidza. Languages zvinogona chero Genre, kana pane elegy kana rwiyo, rwiyo, kana shoko, kurichinja rwiyo kana eulogy. Uye vakasungwa kuti hunodzorwa rinofadza uye mufaro.

Kudzidza zvakajeka rusununguko urwu sechinhu kudanana Vanofadzwa kwemweya, mutauro akatendeukira kuna Pushkin, uyo akabatsira kuunza ake enhetembo werudzii pakukwana. Mitauro zvinhu yakafukidza pasina zvipingamupinyi, shoko chaizvo wakanamatira mumwe, nyanzvi wokufananidzira nguva, aigona idzva basa rake pasina mugumo. Muenzaniso - shoko "D. V. Davydov. "

TEKSTO Baratynsky

Kana mhosva Yazikova vakararama muurombo pfungwa, mune imwe nyanduri, Baratynsky, vaverengi havana kugutsa zvakawandisa yavo.

Kuwana okusika Evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, pakutanga kwezvose zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pashure Pushkin ndiye nyanduri kupfuura yakadzama vezera rake, uyo akauya mabhuku pashure Zhukovsky uye Batyushkov. In nhetembo yake ainyanya akatonga elegies uye nhetembo. Haana apinda Russian nhetembo sezvo chakanakisisa nyanduri elegik.

Very siyana dzaiva okusika pfungwa nguva nyanduri Pushkin wavo. Baratynsky akasiyana chaizvo kubva vazvo muPeru uye Batiushkov Zhukovsky, uyo nguva dzose zvinenge zvakanakisisa. Zhukovsky aiva nechokwadi chokuti mufaro kumirira kusingaperi vanhu mune imwe nyika, uye kuti ndipo vachava norugare, runyararo uye rudo. Batyushkov pashure ake "uzivi duku" umo iye akataura kuti munhu akazvarwa akanyarara yakavandika upenyu norudo kamwe yakadonha uye pakarepo akatanga vanopotera chitendero.

Asi Baratynsky mwoyo pazvose, haana kutenda kupindirana norugare panyika, shoma zvikuru mudenga, uye akapokana mukana mufaro "pano" uye "ikoko." Maererano naye, murume pakutanga bifurcated uye wakaputsika saka havagoni kuwana chero zvinoenderana mweya wake kana kunze nyika. Aidavira kuti mutemo nomurayiro nyika.

Baratynsky kunakidza chaizvo speculates kuti muviri womunhu unofa uye vakasungwa pasi, uye mweya kunoramba abvarura mudenga, uye chisingafi. Asi kazhinji, mweya hazvirevi kumira zvose zvakaitika vepasi uye akafa pamberi muviri, uye muviri sezvo zvava isina chikonzero uye pfungwa, uye saka maturo. Zvinonzi zvakare ndakafunga kuti munhu akapiwa nekuchiva kubudikidza yaairarama zvikuru uye zvakazara, asi upenyu pachahwo kusvinwa mune yakamanikana zvikuru nguva waverenga zvichaguma.

kuzvipokanidza zvose izvi zvinogona kana kunyangarika kana ramiswa, kana kuyanana, sezvo mutemo upenyu. Baratynsky - mutsoropodzi, akanga asina kudaro kunetseka kuonekwa panguva iyoyo mwoyo sezvishandiso kufunga nezvazvo. About hwake, anoti sezvo hakudzivisiki yokutambura kwevanhu kuti anoenda kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pakufa.

Mubasa Baratynsky vairarama vakaona mudetembi matarenda Pushkin achinyanya chikoro. Asi gare gare, basa rake haana kunzwisisa uchitsoropodzwa. Asi Symbolists Russian, akanga achiziva sechinhu chikuru uye akazvimirira Lyricist uye muzivi, akaedza embody mu enhetembo mitsetse chinhu chakadzama uye zvakaoma wokushandura.

ukoshi

Pushkin nguva vadetembi havasi kushanda murugare uye vachiwirirana. kukurukurirana kwavo chaiko kazhinji kwacho, kuruma uye kurerutsa polemic kurwisa munhaurirano chaizvo vanowanzokuvadzana kuzvikudza vavengi.

Sezvaunogona kuona, paiva nematambudziko ari mabhuku upenyu, asi nhetembo paiya inonzi nguva Pushkin kuti yakatanga nokukurumidza uye ukasvika refu tsika. Uye chokwadi, zviri akasungwa nayo rokutanga panzvimbo A. S. Pushkinu, zvakadzama, nenhanho shasha kuti rawira Russia nomazviri pakasikwa nhetembo uye nhetembo dovedshy mashoko isinganzwisisiki pakukwana.

Pushkin nguva vadetembi akazarura kwatiri chendarama zera mabhuku Russian, zvakasara risingaenzaniswi nguva vakapfeka zvinhu kutiza wechipfuwo afungisisa anoti. Zvino tine mukana kunakidzwa mabasa avo kwazvo.

mhedziso

Zvechokwadi, kwete chete kune Pushkin ugone mutauro wokuRussia nhetembo yakanga maitiro, asi rakanga riri zuva mudenga, iro zvinokwezva sezvo edu ezvinhu mamwe inopenya yemapuraneti uye pamabwe, zvakanaka-anozivikanwa wokufananidzira nyika, mumwe nomumwe akanga kukwanisa kukwezva kupinda kwayo muchadenga zvakawanda satellites duku.

Poets Pushkin Times - munhu hombe hwaro zvose Russian nhetembo. With okugadzira zvinhu zvavo hazvo vanofanira kusangana uye kuongorora zvinobvira. Zvinosuruvarisa ichi nguva vzroschennaya Pushkin renyeredzi vadetembi chaizvoizvo yakakwirira zvikuru, uye hapana nzira kutaura nomumwe. All vakava chikuru kushongedzwa ari bohemian munyika nhetembo.