Dambudziko "Russian Chishamiso". Nhoroondo nendege, "kurukiswa" (T-4)

In nhoroondo Soviet Air Force T-4 ane nzvimbo inokosha. Yaiva chinzvimbo uye kudhura chirongwa ndege, iyo aifanira kuva anokumhan'arira US yomugungwa vatakuri ngozi. Pokugadzwa T-4 akacherekedza hondo pakati mumhuri design mahofisi refu dzinotyisa. Kuva chiitiko chinokosha maoko rudzi pakati Soviet Union uye United States, ndege kumbobvira akaita nawo vakawanda kugadzira, chinoramba chiri experimental womuenzaniso. Kubva T-4 kusiyiwa nokuda kwazvo mutengo uye kwesayenzi kunzwisisa.

MARARAMIRO chitarisiko

Ndege "kurukiswa" (T-4) raiva nharo Soviet pamusoro US zvenyukireya vatakuri ndege. Mukupera 1950s zvakava pachena kuti Soviet Union asina kudzivisa United States mumunda wengarava uye zvine urongwa avhiyesheni. The zvakakura nomusoro kuti Navy akatanga zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, vatakuri ndege, izvo akaputirwa. Batanidza ngarava idzi nhaka kwegore risingapindiki kudzivirira.

Chinhu bedzi aigona rova US keriya ndege - a superfast chombo ine warhead yenyukireya. Asi kundoitora kubudikidza chikepe haana zvichikwanisika nokuti iye nguva dzose vaifambisa. Kubva wemishonga kwezvikonzero izvi, utungamiriri mauto eSoviet akasvika pakugumisa kuti yaiva nguva kutora racho idzva mukuru-nokukurumidza ndege. Ivo vakava "kurukiswa" (T-4). The ndege aiva chirongwa inonzi "nyaya 100", nokuti iro akawana zita remadunhurirwa rokuti kwayo.

makwikwi

Mabhanan'ana vatakuri vanofanira kugamuchira yasimuka uremu matani 100 uye 3 000 makiromita paawa cruising nokukurumidza. With maitiro akadaro (uye sirin'i 24 kilometers) ndege akava isina kuti American radar, uye Naizvozvo zvombo Anti-ndege. Muna State Committee iri Aviation Technology aida "kurukiswa" (T-4) akanga invulnerable kuti-interceptor.

Ari makwikwi yokugadzira vanotarisira ndege kwaisanganisira akawanda akaitwa mahofisi. Nyanzvi All kutarisira kuti T-4 utore muna Tupolev, uye vamwe CB chete kubatanidzwa kuti maonero ari makwikwi. Zvisinei, Sukhoi Design Bureau kuti chirongwa vaibva nedivi kufarira. A vanoshanda boka nyanzvi vachiri Danho akatungamirira Oleg Samoylovich.

The chirongwa ndiye Sukhoi

Muzhizha 1961 dare yesayenzi yakaitwa. Chinangwa - kuti asarudze zvakagadzirwa kuhofisi, izvo pakupedzisira kunotora bhomba T-4. "Weaving" mumaoko Sukhoi. Tupolev Chirongwa vakakundwa nokuti kuti yaida ndege yaiva chinokuremera mabasa ayo.

Akaitawo Alexander Yakovlev ne brainchild ake "Yak-35". Panguva kutaura kwake, akataura kundorwa Andreya Nikolaevicha Tupoleva, kumutsoropodza chisarudzo chake kuti ndege kuti aruminiyamu. Pakupedzisira, kana vavo havana kuwana nemakwikwi. Machine Paul Dry State Committee akazviratidza nani.

injini

Ndege "kurukiswa" (T-4) yakanga yakasiyana nedzimwe munzira dzakawanda. First hwounhu hwake zvose dzibude injini ake. Kupiwa chaizvo zviri muchina, vaifanira kuita zvakanaka mune kujairika ezvinhu rarefied mudenga, tembiricha uye kushandisa unconventional rinochiwedzera. Pakutanga kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti bhomba T-4 ( "kurukiswa") vachagamuchira matatu injini zvakasiyana, asi panguva yokupedzisira, kuti vagadziri akasarudza chimwe chinhu - RD36-41. Over kwayo budiriro akashanda Rybinsk Design Bureau.

womuenzaniso Izvi zvinonyanya sedzimwe injini Soviet - HP-7, kwakamboitwa 1950s. RD36-41 akashongedzerwa ane afterburner, maviri padanho turbine nekupisa rinosakara uye 11-pachikuva compressor. izvi zvose akabvumira kushandisa ndege panguva yakakwirira chaizvo tembiricha. The Injini akaita anenge gumi apfuura. mudziyo uyu akasiyana nevamwe akazova hwaro dzimwe yokutevedzera, iyo vakaita guru basa muSoviet Air Force. Vakanga vakagadzirira Tu-144, M-17 vashori uye orbital ndege "Spiral".

nezvombo

No kumboderera pane injini kuti ndege yaiva kwayo chombo. The bhomba akamuka hypersonic X-33 chitundumuseremusere. Chokutanga, havana yave yakatanga nemagadzirirwo Bureau Sukhoi. Zvisinei, panguva pamasikiro chitundumuseremusere zvaitambidzwa Dubninskaya Bureau. Chombo akagamuchira kupfuura ano panguva unhu. Zvionera zvombo Yaigona kuti kupfura ari kumhanya 7 nguva kumhanya inzwi. Rakabatwa Munzvimbo iyi, iyo projectile pachayo dzaona mutakuri ndege uye akamurwisa.

Terms of bhuku zvave zvisati zvamboitika. Nokuti mabasa ake chitundumuseremusere vakasimuka yayo radar uye wekushandisa mugadziriro, zvinosanganisira digitaalinen kadambari michina. Management kuti goko wayo kunzwisisa zvakafanana kunzwisisa kwakaita chaizvo nokushanda ndege.

zvimwe zvinhu

Ndezvipi zvimwe chaiva chitsva uye rakasiyana T-4? "Weaving" - ndege nzvimbo yemutekenyi iri vakagadzirira pamwe matsva zviratidzi ari tactical uye kufamba mugungwa anobatsira. At dzinoshandiswa vashandi vaiva terevhizheni sefa pamusoro-bhodhi radars anobudisa mashoko avo. The zvichiguma mufananidzo chakafukidzwa rinenge rose.

The vashandi raiva aidzidzisa-opareta uye mutyairi wendege. Vanhu raizoiswa kabhini, rakanga rakakamurwa nezvikamu zviviri munhu partition transverse leaky. Kabhini marongerwo T-4 mune dzakasiyana zvinhu. Hapana senguva mwenje. Mugore supersonic rwendo ndege yokudzokorora kuitwa pachishandiswa periscope, uye lateral uye okumusoro mahwindo. The vashandi vakashanda muchadenga masutu pana freelance depressurization.

yepakutanga zvingaitwa

The guru njodzi "chishamiso Russian" (T-4, "kurukiswa") iri chokwadi kuti basa iri rakanga hacked kuti rufu, pasinei kuti mudzidziso kupfuura tarenda uye chinzvimbo pfungwa ndege. Somuenzaniso, kwakadaro mushonga kushandisa imwe deflectable mberi fuselage. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti akadaro nezvechisarudzo nokuti kuti projecting zviedza munzvimbo nzvimbo yemutekenyi nomupirista nokukurumidza mamiriyoni 3 makiromita paawa anova kwazvo kunobva kurwisa.

Tsvimbo akagadzira Bureau aifanira murwire vakashinga pfungwa dzavo. Deflectable kuzorwa uta dzaiva nemauto. Kwavari nechokwadi zvaigoneka chete nemhaka nechido chikuru bvunzo mutyairi Vladimir Ilyushin.

Kuvaka experimental michina

Kuvhenekwa gungano chassis, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu zvakagadzirwa mapepa basa Bureau inotungamirwa Igor kutarisirwa. Kuunza ndege kwakaitika supercompressed deadlines, saka huru pakukura kunoitwa zvakananga Sukhoi Design Bureau. Panguva muchina magadzirirwo nyanzvi aifanira kugadzirisa matambudziko chokuita chakaremara-dzokai kutenderera hurongwa. mamwe kuidzwa ari upgraded chassis akanga akatakurwa pamberi kutanga bvunzo.

The kumumvuri yokutanga akanzi "101". The lateral Chikamu chacho fuselage ikaungana muna 1969. Designers vakapedza crimping uye kuedza kuva pressurized kabhini uye chiridzwa nezvikamu. Kusvikira makore maviri zvaida kuvaka siyana enyika, uyewo migodhi injini.

bvunzo

The kumumvuri of T-4 ( "kurukiswa") rokutanga akazviratidza muchirimo 1972. On ndege nemiedzo iri kabhini ake aiva mutyairi Vladimir Ilyushin uye aidzidzisa Nicholas Alferov. Ongorora ndege itsva kunoramba kumbosiyiwa nokuda moto yezhizha. Kupisa masango peat bogs zvakakonzera razero maonero mudenga pamusoro Banga. Saka, kuongorora akatanga chete mukupera 1972. Vapfumbamwe mishoni rokutanga vakaratidza kuti ndege ane utariri zvakanaka, uye mutyairi haana kuda kuteerera yakawandisa kuti zvakaoma rwokugadzira mashoko. Nyore kukunda yasimuka angled uye vachasimudza-kure kwakaitika zvakanaka. Kuwanda kumhanyisa zvakanaka zvakakwana.

For vagadziri, zvaikosha kuedza sei chichabviswa vakapfuura rwakaonekwa inzwi nokuidzivirira. The muchina akaputsa akadzikama zvake chaizvo kugadzirisa mudziyo,. Uyezve, dambudziko isina kushanda akaratidza mutsva kure kudzora. Akazviratidza nezviduku zvikanganiso: kukundikana kubva hydraulic ezvinhu, jamming chassis duku makatsemuka mu simbi Matangi pamwe huni, etc. Zvisinei, rose muchina asangane zvose zvaanoda nokuti ...

Supersonic bhomba T-4 ( "kurukiswa") akaita pamusoro muchiuto kupfuura vagutsikane. The Army akarayira 250 michina, zvakanga rakarongwa yokugadzirira-gore mashanu nguva 1975-1980. Raiva guru bato rekodhi yakadaro motokari inodhura uye ano.

manhenda ramangwana

Mutyairi wendege batch mangé kuti aedzwe, yakavakwa panguva Tushino Machine-Building Plant. Zvisinei, pakukwanisa kwayo hakuna kukwana kugadzira ndege nemabhindauko. Chete imwe nyika, kambani aigona kutsungirira kwakadaro ndarayira. Raiva Kazan avhiyesheni chirimwa, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva huru kugadzirwa umbowo magadzirirwo Tupolev. The pakuonekwa T-4 zvaireva kuti kambani akanga kurasikirwa Bureau. Tupolev uye anorichengeta wake Peter Dementiev (Minister of Aviation Industry) vakaita zvose izvozvo zvisaitika.

Somugumisiro, yakaoma yakanga chaizvoizvo vasiyiwa Kazan. The chikonzero ichi chaiva pakuparurwa itsva nadzurudzo of Tu-22. Zvadaro, akagadzira akasarudza kusunungura kupfuura chikamu ndege ose chete Tushino. kwenguva refu pamatunhu mahofisi vakanga nharo pamusoro ramangwana womuenzaniso ndege T-4 ( "kurukiswa"). Mapepa, wakasainwa Defense gurukota Andrei Grechko muna 1974, kuzoti kuti vose miedzo experimental muenzaniso vanofanira umbomiswa. Chisarudzo ichi lobbied Piotr Dementyev. Akanyengetedza gurukota Defence kuvhara chirongwa uye kutanga panguva Tushino fekitari kugadzirwa mapapiro, rakagadzirirwa michina third-23.

End of chirongwa

September 15, 1975, akafa Pavel Sukhoi ndege. T-4 ( "kugadzira") aiva brainchild ake mupfungwa yose shoko. Kusvikira zuva rokupedzisira ake Musoro Bureau upenyu uye handina kugamuchira mhinduro yakajeka kubva vakuru nezveramangwana racho. Pashure porufu rwake muna January 1976, Bazi Aviation Industry akarayira maererano izvo chirongwa "nyaya 100" yakavharwa zvachose. Saizvozvowo gwaro Piotr Dementyev akati kuti kumira pabasa T-4 zvinoitwa kuti kuisa mari uye nesimba kuumba muenzaniso Tu-160.

The experimental yokuenzanisira, yaishandiswa panguva ndege nekuongororwa, akatumirwa Monino miziyamu hwusingaperi kupaka. Kunze chokwadi kuti yaiva chimwe chezvinhu chinzvimbo zvaMambo avhiyesheni Soviet, nguva kwakaratidza kuti T-4 vari chaizvo kudhura (anenge mabhiriyoni 1,3 rubles).