British Hong Kong (British Hong Kong) - History. Vaimbove British nyuchi

British Hong Kong - voruzhinji, izvo vakati kubudikidza China uye United Kingdom. A kunzwisisa hurongwa zvibvumirano dzakawanda akaita kweItari iri kushanda akazvimirira uye kubva, uye dzimwe nyika, uye mitemo akarurama mutero kubvumira mamiriro kuva mumwe kukurumidza kuwedzera kumatunhu munyika.

prehistory

History of Hong Kong kunotanga kumativi 30.000 apfuura. Maererano nevanochera matongo, ndiyo imwe yakakurumbira enyika, apo akawanikwa kungoda zvekare vanhu. Kwenguva refu nzvimbo iyi vaiva ne China zvachose. Paitonga yacho Tang dzinza roumambo , nharaunda aizivikanwa somunhu remarudzi muzinda zvokutengeserana. Hong Kong yave kuzivikanwa somunhu chikuru Mugadziri munyu, wengarava chiteshi, nechitsotsi centre.

Kutanga chinodhaka War

Muna 1836, ivo Chinese hurumende kuitwa chikuru uongororwe mugwaro mumunda mbishi chinodhaka okutengesa. Lin akabvuma kutora basa ichivharira kupararira chinodhaka. In March 1839 akava rinokosha Imperial Commissioner pana Canton, apo zvarayirwa vatorwa vatengesi kusiya chinodhaka mumatanda. Iye aingoita kuwana British vatengesi uye mafekitari Canton akakwanisa Muvaparadze kubva zvokuyamura. Chief Inspector bhizimisi, Charles Elliott, Lin akabvuma kushandisa kokupedzisira kubvumira njodzi mbudo kubva chinodhaka musika British vatengesi uye kuyeuka mari kunge kugadziriswa kuburikidza chibvumirano pakati hurumende maviri. Elliott akavimbisa kuti hurumende yeBritain kundibhadhara chinodhaka mumatanda vatengesi vemo. Naizvozvo, vatengesi iiswe zvipfuva zvavo, waiva 20,283 makirogiramu kuti chinodhaka. Zvadaro, mumatanda izvi zvabviswa huru vanhu.

Zvakataurwa yeBritain

British Cabinet akafunga kuti Chinese vanhu orangwa muna September 1839. East vanhu vaifanira kubhadhara kuparadzwa British pfuma. Expeditionary Force akanga inotungamirirwa Charles Elliot uye mukoma wake muna 1840. Aitungamirira kwedzimba, Ishe Palmerston. Maiva muna chikumbiro chake Chinese Imperial Government, chakataurwa kuti zviremera British regai nharo kodzero kuti vachipe yavo Chinese chinodhaka zvokutengeserana, asi akaramba nzira idzo basa iri rinoitwa. Ishe akaona zana kamwe tightening rokudzora pamusoro chinodhaka sezvo musungo dzimwe (zvikurukuru - nokuti British) vatengesi, mbishi chinodhaka uye zvokushandisa ichivharira anounzwa venga uye kururama danho. Kutsigira chikumbiro ichi chiito, Ishe akarayira expeditionary Corps kutora rimwe pazvitsuwa pedyo, uye kana Chinese regai funga zvakakwana zvinodiwa yeBritain, Chinese zvengarava of the yangtze uye Yellow misa kuBritain dare. In chikumbiro, yakanga akasimbisa kuti British vatengesi havafaniri vanoshamba kunze komutemo venga zvinodiwa zvomunharaunda yaitonga iri chero seaports the Chinese hwacho.

vakabvuma

Muna 1841, pashure akurukure Mr. Qi Shan, uyo akatsiva ari kunozivikanwa Lin, Elliott rakazivisa rokutanga chibvumirano, iyo inozivikanwa kodzero weBritish kuchitsuwa Hong Kong yayo chengarava. Saka akaberekwa ari British Hong Kong. Flag of Great Britain akapfura pamusoro zvekare masvingo kwechitsuwa chacho, uye zvakare Dzheyms Valenza wadzikamisa chitsuwa muzita British Crown. Hong Kong akavimbisa kuva nechimwe inokosha kuBritain zvokutengeserana munharaunda iri Canton province. Muna 1842, kuchinjwa chacho chakanga pamutemo vakanyorerana, uye Hong Kong «Nokusingaperi" akava nyuchi British.

Kuwedzera munzvimbo

The chibvumirano, wakasainwa Britain Chinese hurumende vasingagoni kugutsa kana mumwe kana mhiri. In kuwa 1856, vokuChina zviremera anonoswa mudziyo weboka China, mabiko nzvimbo ndiye British Hong Kong akanga akaratidza. Mumiriri muna Canton akateterera kuna Chinese masimba ane okuti kuvharirwa kwakadaro kudenha kune dzakakomba chaiye. Hong Kong Hurumende yave akabata chiitiko mberi policies dzavo. Muchirimo 1857 Ishe Palmerston akagadza Eldzhvina mumiririri British divi iri nyaya wezvokutengeserana uye kudzivirira, uye iye mvumo kusaina mutsva, kupfuura mari chibvumirano ne China. Panguva iyo British yakasarudza kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro iri kuuya Nhaurirano, uye akapedza yayo dzimba French expeditionary simba. Muna 1860, vagari zviito akabatwa Dagu Fort uye vakagaramo Beijing, zvichiita kuti Chinese hurumende kugamuchira British wandei. Munhoroondo nokushorwa manhamba vainzi chinodhaka zvokutengeserana hondo, mumwe nomumwe izvo kuwedzera iri mhiri mundima British Empire uye hwakaguma pokukundwa China. Maererano akasaina zvibvumirano, Britain vakakwanisa kuzarura pachavo zvengarava dzavo, pachena famba akakwidza the yangtze River, yakanga akadzokera kodzero zviri pamutemo mugotenga chinodhaka uye nedzenyu pachavo mishoni dzavo Beijing. Uyezve, panguva yokurwisana, muviri Chirungu aigona kutora Kowloon Peninsula. rwenze iyi zvikuru zvinogona ukoshi - zvinogona kuvaka guta uye mutsva kuzvidzivirira mutsetse.

Kuwedzera uye nenzvimbo

Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi19, nyika colonists vakatsvaka kuwedzera British Hong Kong pakuzvimirira. Pachiitiko ichi, kuti akurukure pamwe Chinese divi akanga raparurwa, izvo zvakazoita kuti kusaina yekokorodzano wechipiri Beijing June 9, 1989. Sezvo hurumende vatorwa vakanga vatotenderana kuti hatigoni kuzvidza uchangamire China uye chidimbu chimwe kuti ndikahubvisa kundima, British Hong Kong akagamuchira mamwe mamiriro Clearance. Izvi akabvumira China kuponesa "chiso" muchimiro chezita chepasi pamusoro kuzvibvisa wenyika, uye British - chaizvoizvo inodzora Hong Kong pamusoro chikwereti. Nyika Hong Kong yakanga was kuti hurumende yeBritain kwemakore 99. Uyezve, pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa kuBritish Isles vakapiwa 230, izvo akazozivikanwa itsva kundima yeBritain. Pamutemo, Britain wakapinda kwenguva nhaka Hong Kong uye navamwe munyika 1899. Pano vakavhura pachake mitemo yayo zvakasiyana kubva Mainland, kushanda matare, mapurisa uye tsika - zvose vaigona asimbise kwavo rusununguko of British Hong Kong. Mari yakanga riparadzirwe munharaunda iyi yose kuSoutheast Asia.

Makore yehondo

Pamberi Second World War, Hong Kong akatungamirira yakanyarara Kuvapo mumwe zhinji British dzaidzorwa, izvo vakaparadzirwa pasi pose. Kubva zvechiuto chiito, kwakasarudzwa kusimbisa muchiuto kushanda kuti kudzivirira itsva nharaunda yeBritain pamwe Chinese zviremera. Muna 1941, Britain akasaina uto pamwe chibvumirano, maererano izvo kurwisa British Hong Kong Chinese National uto anorwisa vokuJapan neshure. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa zinyekenyeke muvengi kumanikidza ravarwi yeBritain. On December 8, kurwa kwakatanga Hong Kong, umo Japanese mhepo Ndege chaizvoizvo vakaparadza British Air Force mune kurwisa mumwe. Mazuva maviri gare gare, vokuJapan dzakapasanura napakati kudzivirira ari mundima itsva. The British wavarwi, Major-General Christopher Maltbi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti chitsuwa haazogari refu pasina chisimbiso, saka mukuru akarega bhurigedhi yake kubva yakaoma. December 18 vokuJapan akatora pamusoro Victoria Harbor. Muna December 25, yarongwa Defence vaiva chete muhomwe diki kurwisa. Maltbi rakarumbidza kupa mubati Hong Kong - Sir Mark Young, uyo akatora zano rake kuderedza zvichibvira kuparadzwa muguta uye chiteshi chengarava.

Japanese kubvuta

Zuva rakatevera, pashure nechisimba Generalissimo Chiang akabudisa murayiro matatu Chinese Corps pasi murayiro General J. Hanmou Ringirai Hong Kong. Chirongwa chaiva kutanga Gore Idzva Day yakarwisa Japan payakatora mauto mudunhu Canton. Asi Chinese inifanduri kunyange vasati akakwanisa kuvaka yayo mutsetse nokurwiswa, vokuJapan akaputsa kudzivirira Hong Kong. British nezvinhu zvakanga rinorema: mauto 2232 vakauraya uye 2300 vakuvara. VokuJapan akashuma kuti varasikirwe 1996 akafa uye 6000 vakakuvadzwa. Heavy Japan payakatora vakauya yakawanda kutambura. The guta rakaparadzwa, vanhu vakasiya Hong Kong. Nyika iri kusangana zvoupfumi uye zvemagariro kuchembera, yevagari kuBritain nyuchi vagovane. VokuJapan kujeri achitonga yeBritain yaitonga vepamusoro uye akatsvaka kuhwina pamusoro vatengesi vemo nokugadzwa kuti Advisory pamapuranga uye vachiongorora proteges dzavo. Gwaro Izvi zvakakonzera paupamhi pamwe pamusoro chikamu vepamusoro, uye mukirasi pakati, pamwe kure zvishoma anotyisa kupfuura mamwe maguta China.

Japanese basa

Hong Kong rave yachinjwa kuva nyuchi Japanese, pamwe kuwanda Japanese mabhizimisi zvivako chakatsiva British. Kunyange zvakadaro, Japan Empire zvakakomba logistical matambudziko, uye kubudikidza 1943 zvokudya raiva dambudziko kuHong Kong. Hurumende kwazova chisimba uye uori uye Chinese vepamusoro mwoyo. Mushure Japanese mapfumo pasi, kuti chikwata rinodzokera kuna British patronage yakanga nyarara, sezvo huru nationalist uye mukomiyunisiti mauto vakanga vachigadzirira kuti hondo uye kuteerera zvinodiwa uye nematambudziko Hong Kong. Nokufamba kwenguva basa wakasimbisa pre-hondo zveupfumi murayiro pakati Chinese vemabhizimisi kusava zvimwe anoitika mubereko zvakatungamirira kuderera mune mukurumbira uye simba British.

Kudzorerwa Chinese uchangamire

Aizomupa amerikanskiyh uye mari British kukurumidza kurera nyuchi. The post-hondo kukura Hong Kong inoratidza zvishoma nezvishoma, uye ipapo - uye kukurumidza kukura hwenyika. Mukupera 80, Hong Kong yazova rimwe mana "Oriental Dragon" zvinobudirira akabata chinzvimbo yaro chipo nerongo. Muna 1997, pakava rinoyera kutapurirana kodzero kuna Hong Kong Hurumende China. British korona nyuchi vakaguma kuvapo, uye Hong Kong vakava rutivi China dzinonzi. Asi guta harina kukwanisa kuchengetedza ayo rusununguko uye voga nemamwe Chinese enyika. It inoshandisa pachake matare ayo, vakava mitemo yavo pachavo, ane pachake kutarisirwa kwaro uye tsika. Hong Kong - China ane chete pamwe, uye kashoma achava chikamu chenyaya hombe administrative wemuTesitamende ramangwana.

Hong Kong Capital

Hong Kong - nyika pamwe anenge asina ndima. Harina guta iri kwakajairika pfungwa shoko. Tinogona kutaura kuti Hong Kong guru Hong Kong pachake. Panguva iyoyowo, mabhuku akasiyana-siyana zvinoratidza kuti Victoria ndiro guta guru Hong Kong City. Izvi nzvimbo nomukurumbira pakati guru, umo dzimba dzose enyika uye okutarisira vakanga kusimbiswa nguva British Raj. Mushure yapfuura yacho Rental Victoria City aingova mumwe dzine Hong Kong, saka pfungwa kuti nzvimbo iri Hong Kong guru, ndiye nderechinyakare uye kwete chokwadi.

ano Hong Kong

The post-hondo nokukurumidza kuvandudzika kuFar East nharaunda zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti British ano Hong Kong razova imwe yenzvimbo simba uye vakava guta munyika. Kushaya zviwanikwa kutopedza haana kudziviswa kuzadzisa nharo ndima chemhando inobvira nemararamiro. Izvi imhaka kutanga mitemo, hwakakwana kwezvivako uye zvinobetsera nenzvimbo nzvimbo.

Hong Kong akakwanisa kuwana niche yaro yose upfumi, uye akava kurwa iri paindaneti, zvipfeko, Whitehead Textile uye zvemagetsi maindasitiri. Zvisinei, chikuru chinovhura kukura Hong Kong ari webasa indasitiri. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vari mudunhu vanoshanda mune zvemari, rwezvemabhengi, wezvokutengeserana uye hotera indasitiri. Hong Kong makuru vakaroorana ndivo United States, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore uye United Kingdom.

mwoyo Hong Kong kuti

Hong Kong centre anogona kunzi sezvo pachitsuwa inokamukana munzvimbo mbiri, vane dzinongoitika muganhu pakati chimiro bay. Pakati yakaoma uye chitsuwa vatatu pevhu tanera dzateyiwa. Pachitsuwa zvinokosha yaiona mahofisi muHong Kong, kusanganisira World Financial Center, vakwegura uye chivako chitsva pamusoro Bank of China, nyika Exhibition Center. Most varaidzo. Fashion zvitoro, zvenhaka mamiziyamu netsvimbo tiri riri pachitsuwa, saka panguva ino zviri pamusoro. Hong Kong anogona kunzi sezvo musimboti dzine vakawanda nharaunda kuSoutheast Asia.

nekuti mufambi kuti paradhiso

New Hong Kong - paradhiso vanoda varaidzo uye kunozvitenga. The dzomunharaunda zvitoro vari muunganidzwa pezvitsiga nomukurumbira pachidiwa nemitengo yakaderera, uye vakawanda kumadhindindi, nembariro netsvimbo inobvumirwa kuruzhinji siku nesikati. Vanoda leisurely famba uye Antiques vacharoverwa kugutsikana - in Hong Kong akasiya zvakawanda munzvimbo akadzivirira nemapaki apo unogona kunakidzwa isina kumbobatwa yezvakaita rainforest. Kufanana vashanyi, uye vakawanda mamiziyamu uye machechi, apo unogona kuona nemamwe Exhibits unganidzwa pamusoro zvemakore zvenhoroondo muHong Kong, kuona zvikuru chifananidzo enyika Buddha, kunoshanyira kure nemisha, apo vachiri airemekedzwa tsika dzekare. Vanofamba haangaodzwi mwoyo - pasinei rwunotyisa hwevanhu arambe achirema, Hong Kong aiva uye inoramba rimwe cleanest maguta munyika. With kudyidzana arege matambudziko - Ruzhinji rwevanhu vari Hong Kong kutaura zvakanaka Chirungu.

Kana uine nguva uye mukana - kushanyira chitsuwa ichi zvinoshamisa - pazvidhindo hwemazuva Hong Kong, zvinoshamisa rinobatanidza yekare uye ano, tichagara mupfungwa dzako hwose.