"Ash" (yepasi pemvura). Multipurpose yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 885 "Ash"

Kufanana nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa nemauto, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura nyika kare yakakamurwa kumarudzi resununguro makore. Kubva "Nautilus" uye "Leninsky Koshanda" kuti ano zvinoita zvokukandwa-akatakura multi-chinangwa yakaderera-ruzha "Sea Wolf" uye "rechiram" kwete chete apfuura makore makumi matanhatu, munguva ino rakachinjwa mina-chizvarwa yepasi pemvura zvikepe kwenyukireya-dzinofambiswa. On maoko Russian Navy atova "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Project 885 "Ash", mumwe yepasi pemvura ane simba renyukireya chirimwa vorudzi rwechina. Vakaisa chikepe zvimwe zvitatu zvakafanana ( "Kazan", "Novosibirsk" uye "Krasnoyarsk"), pamusoro hurongwa zvitatu. Ichava gumi kanenge kusvikira pakuguma gumi, zviri pachena. Mumatanda akauya kubva yepasi pemvura itsva yenyukireya, photo, akakunda chiitiko ichi, yakabudiswa vezvenhau munyika, dzimwe nguva nemashoko anobatsira, asi zvikuru somunhu mufananidzo kuwedzera nemasoja muRussia. Zvichida maonero uyu wakarurama, uye nyika yedu, kunorwa, kuratidza hasha vavariro? Unofanira enzanisa, somuenzaniso, kwazvo zvemari zvechiuto uye zvikepe sezvamunoita.

Zvinangwa uye Zvinangwa

The ezvinhu aripo munyika, pasinei kushaya pfungwa nokurwisana kwakawedzera kuti "anopisa" sandara, rakafanana pre-hondo nguva, Nokutarira iri Cuban chombo dambudziko. Independent negwaro vakadzinganiswa utungamiriri reRussia geopolitical zvido kwokudzivirira nyika, hunokonzera nokushatiriswa "shamwari Western." Muenzaniso dzimwe nyika, yakabvamburwa zvinorwisana maari, exacerbates akavhiringirwa chose upfumi, mumwe anogona kutonga zvinovavarirwa uye zvido chokunze mauto kutora chero matanho, kusanganisira yakananga uto kupindira, kuitira kuti vabudirire pazvinangwa zvavo. Dikidiki danho hasha zviito zvakadaro makabuda nedzenyu kumanikidzwa, achiteverwa kutyisidzira simba. Muchiuto bhajeti the USA riri hombe, riri zvirokwazvo kusvika muchadenga uye kumboitika pamwero mabhiriyoni 700. Dollars. The Russian Federation haagoni kudzivirira kushandisa mari zvikuru, saka mari shoma pane huwandu mukupindura ngozi asymmetrical. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Ash" chirongwa - muenzaniso inokosha nzira, pasi iyo yakasvika parity zvakakwana zvinogamuchirika pasina zvemari epfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo kutaura kuti vane chisingakoshi, zvakare, haagoni.

Nhoroondo parudzi rwechina

Chitarisiko chechina-chizvarwa yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, vakawanda, akaumba mukupera manonwe. Nepo pavanotaurirana pakati nyika mbiri dzine havasi Masked nokutaura kubatsira hweruzhinji, zvakanga zviri zvikuru rakajeka vasingawirirani kunetsana pakati maviri enyika uye zvoupfumi enyika. Huru US chombo wengarava vaiva Vatakuri ndege, hunotaurwa yose simba Western muchiuto. Chechipiri "bakatwa" pangozi Soviet Union, aionekwa somunhu Premier League. Nezvokumutswa izvi zviviri ezvinhu anotambudza renyukireya yepasi pemvura azvino kuchizvarwa inoodza zvichibvira kurwisa aigona hunonzi kuva huru zvinangwa zviviri: pakurwisa vatakuri inorema ndege, uyo akabuda aine perekedza, uye kuparadza muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Unogona kuwedzera imwe inokosha basa: pokushandisa unovimbisa kutsiva. The Soviet Union akaita kuzvipira wokutanga zvombo zvenyukireya regai kushandisa. It akaronga kusika rumwe rudzi pemvura chikepe, nokudenga, uyewo kunzi multi-chinangwa. Zviri akadaro uye vari Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 885 "Ash", dziri zvesimbi mushure disintegration of USSR, ari XXI remakore. Zvematongerwo enyika zvachinja munyika. muvengi zvinogona kumbochinja.

Kubatana uye universalization

CB "Malachite" muSoviet Union muna mashanu mubasa kukura Ngarava dzepasi pemvura itsva propulsion yenyukireya. The yepasi pemvura itsva yakazokudziridzwa muno Leningrad. chechina-chizvarwa michina ndiro gore resununguro okugadzira mapepa kwete chete. pfungwa itsva vakashandisa zvakawanda, uye vane Conceptual zvakasikwa uye kunzwisisa yakananga rwokugadzira zvinhu. The Soviet Navy vakatoita vakawanda zvirongwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, zvichiita kuti zviome yokuzvigadzirisa, vashandi kudzidzisa, kugadziridza, uye kugadzirwa pacharo. Pakanga zvikuru zvine musoro pfungwa inobva kubatanidza magadzirirwo yepasi pemvura zvokuti rinogona kuita nhamba mabasa, kare kuwanika chete kushandiswa zvikepe, kana nokuda rimwe mharidzo kuti kukwanisa kusika vezvikwata zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. yepasi pemvura iri kwenyukireya-dzinofambiswa uye isingadhuri (vanhu mari muSoviet Union akaedza kuponesa), uye kurovedza rikarira iri nyore.

Hafu muviri - akafanana?

Kwakajairika PL, Diesel kana zvenyukireya zvakavakwa dzekare urongwa ine muviri hwakasimba ane zvose zvakakodzera kuti chokupika kuhondo mishoni, uye chiedza goko rinofukidza kutsigisa igwa matangi. Kune Chokwadi, uye multihull pemvura ngarawa ( "Shark" Somuenzaniso), asi ivo vari guru kwazvo uye zvinodhura, saka avo kushandiswa iri zvikuru kushandiswa, uye dambudziko aingova pakasikwa chikepe multi-chinangwa. Maererano chepakutanga Zano racho "Ash" yakavakirwa. The yepasi pemvura ane hafu deko. Zvinorevei? Zvechokwadi, hazvibviri kuti akatema muviri yakasimba, rine zvose dzokurwa, zvishandiso michina, kuzvidzora mano, mumwe reactor yenyukireya, uye zvakawanda nezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira vashandi vemo. Asi pamwe rokunze goko pamusoro mainjiniya pakati KB "Malachite" aiita noushingi. Vakafukidza chete mhino chikepe, pasingaverengwi wedzera-iri chombo silos. Front chikuru kutsigisa igwa tangi iri mune nzvimbo intercase, gumi zvakaparadzira sezvinotevera: 5 CHB yakarongwa mupanda rechinomwe uye 4 (ndinoiitawo imwe akagadzirirwa nokukurumidza kunyudzwa) rechishanu chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Midziyo, akazadzwa mhepo kana mvura, atore annulus reuna zvokushandisa uye nezvombo. Asi marongerwo zvinhu Vavaki vengarava vaisava.

reactor

In rechitanhatu mupanda ndiye "mwoyo" muchikepe, renyukireya reactor. Zviri pano kuti anosunungura muhombe rakawanda chafariz simba, kuti kudziyisa chiutsi kuti inobudisa turbines. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Ash" chirongwa takashongedzerwa chaiwo simba chirimwa, yakavakwa pamusoro revatema-redunhu-chimedu. Izvi zvinoita kuti kupisa zvose kuitika mudunhu yokutanga (zvakananga kuonana nemafuta zvinhu) vari vemunyika yakareba yevanoda kutungamirira kupi haisi zvakakodzera. Kugadzwa tsindirana, pakukwanisa kwayo ndiko megawatts mazana maviri, uye zviri zvishoma pane "fonit" (ndiko mubvunzo chinodyiwa pakavanda). The reactor iri hwakavimbika kwazvo, zvinodiwa izvi zvinosiyana yakaoma kuwana zvikamu zvaro, akavimbisa nguva kushanda nguva wakaisirwa dzinenge makumi matatu.

kugadzwa nezvikamu

Kirasi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Ash" ane akasimba kwedzimba, rakakamurwa nezvikamu, kuti ivo nevamwe vose hapana. Mapfumbamwe vavo, pano mazita kwavari:

1st - CCU. Kuwedzera nechepakati murayiro mumhanyi pano ndokuisa kununura mukamuri iyo, kana zvichikodzera, kukwanisa kusiya ngarava rikarira, hydroacoustic chinzvimbo uye kuwana nzvimbo yemutekenyi. Avangard sepombi, kusafanana yapfuura zvirongwa zviri shure mupanda ichi, kupa nzira huru "maziso" uye "nenzeve" chikepe - the kanyanga, kugamuchira kunyange dukusa anonongedzera uye anopa zvakawanda ruzivo pamusoro zvakakupoteredza. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 885 "Ash" - zvikuru "VANOONA" Ngarava mukirasi yacho.

2nd - Avangard, saka akarayira TA pachavo pemvura zvombo, uyewo ebetsero michina uye yemagetsi kunze zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope namano.

3rd, Four-, zvine mano, chikepe midziyo kuenda (emagetsi, No, kutsigisa igwa pombi nezvakadaro.)

4th - musha, pano ndivo Kubrick uye vashandi cabins, saloon, dzokudyira, zvokurapa uye zvimwe zvivako kuitira zvakajairika ezvinhu panguva nzendo refu kure.

5th mupanda akadana chombo. Kuwedzera kune anotyisa zvombo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pane vo kutsigisa igwa matangi.

6th - reactor, kuwedzera simba chirimwa inopiwa ne webetsero tangi muripo kubva kutanga kufamba kweropa.

7th mupanda akadana turbine. It inzvimbo inopisa hwemvura Transfers kwayo nesimba hwindimiri mugodhi. Kunyange pano pane 5 BTF.

In rechi8 pfungwa zvokuimba zvokushandisa, uye ane mukana kununurwa zvinangwa.

9-fung mupanda akadana murimi. Translated kubva mutauro yegungwa zvinoreva kuti pane zvinoitika kudzora chinjikira uye kutwasuka zvidzoreso achishandisa hydraulic actuators.

pamusingaonekwe

yepasi pemvura Nuclear "Ash" yakagadzirirwa kuti ayo vasabatwa kwave matambudziko. Kazhinji, pamberi yepasi pemvura chero munzvimbo penyanza nyika "akaverenga" zvinoverengeka on: ruzha uye sikuruwa zvenhengo radiological njanji, kupisa nounzenza, uye nemaziso kuburikidza segirazi akaturikidzana mvura. Unmasks ngarava uye simba remagineti zvinoberekwa simbi. Kuti kuderedza maonero uye ngozi kuremadzwa detonator vanoteerera vachinje kunofambira mberi minda, ngarava zviteshi uye mumigwagwa pasi demagnetization zvichiitwa. Dzimba Chirongwa NPS 885 chakagadzirwa chaiyo simbi chiwanikwa kuti zvakafanana ehupfumi kuti paramagnetic. Ruzha iri kushoma ne 15 decibels dzavo kwakaderedza chete echimurenga simba hurongwa redunhu marongerwo. Kunyanya kurira rokutora unhani ari akaitawo chikepe "kunyarara." Used uye dzimwe mhinduro kuderedza maonero. Hwindimiri mumwe, chinoitwa nevanhu chaiyo ano, iyo inopa yakaderera-ruzha achimhanya.

zvombo

Zvino chikuru chinhu, chii mhando zvombo vanogona kana yokushayiwa kushandisa "Ash". The yepasi pemvura iri bhodhi launchers sere mugodhi mhando kuti "eonikisi". Sezvo chikepe anokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvizhinji, vanogona kutsiviwa pamusoro 3M54 ( "Turquoise") kana "Caliber" 3M14. PU nomumwe anogona kusunungura 4 rwendo zvombo. Kutungamirirwa zvombo yakaoma 3P-14P hurongwa. Missiles anogona rova pasi uye pamusoro huru, achipfuura sandarara trajectory, nokuvaita zvakaoma kuona uye chombo mabasa. In magadzirirwo kwavo chinayo nheyo "mhumhi rongedza", maererano izvo pakati zvinobhururuka projectiles panguva kupinda muhondo kosi yakatarwa inowanikwa papi. The chombo, iyo akazviratidza pamusoro mumwe, Achitora utungamiri basa, ekufambisa zviito veboka. Kana kuparadza muvengi chombo kunoreva kutungamirira basa iri kwaita kune imwe chikwata. Kubata yakadaro volley kuti rwendo zvombo anenge hazviiti. Nokuti ichi "nedota" akanga akasuruvara remadunhu- "CHINOURAYA vatakuri ndege."

Ten Avangard sepombi, zvose zviri kumativi wechipiri mupanda chete shure musimboti murayiro pambiru. Zvombo - 30 "Physico-1" (533 geji).

Kana zvakakodzera, chikepe anogona kuisa zvimbambaira, kuita Akash countermeasures (nokuti ndiko "Zvinotadzisa" REPS-324), uye kuita mamwe mabasa kuti omesa mashoko operative basa nezvikepe noutsinye.

General unhu

Hakusi zvose zviri muchikepe, unogona kuwana mashoko kubva kuruzhinji zvinyorwa. Nyanzvi dzichiri kutongwa chitarisiko chavo kuti ndiye yepasi pemvura. Photos yakabudiswa nhau, unotipa kugumisa pamusoro saizi, vari yakawanda zvechokwadi: a kureba 140 metres. Musha anyatsofukidzwa - matani anenge 14 zviuru .. Uyewo kuwanikwa mukuru-nokukurumidza Kurongwa, izvo Anozvirumbidza kuti yepasi pemvura. Characteristics sezvo kazhinji akasiyana zvichienderana mwero submergence dzimba pemvura chikepe runoita nokukurumidza (31 change), uye pakuumba emersion 16 nokusunungura mapfundo. The vashandi ine 32 nemapurisa uye 90 vezvikepe uye navakuru. Vose vari mungozi, uye hazvibviri kutamburira kurarama kunogona kusiya igwa ari patsanurika kwokutizira pod, iri uta. Mumwe anoshushikana nokuwanda retractable kanyanga mugadziriro, chirefu kupfuura deckhouse. Vanopa zvakavimbika kutaurirana pamwechete murayiro uye zvimwe ngarava. Available ruzivo pamusoro Kuwanikwa chaiyo midziyo muigwa, nokusika acoustic mashoko mugero kudzivirirwa kuvhura. Kuti udzidze sei akunoita, hapana ruzivo hwakadzama.

Akazivisa kuzvionera mazuva zana, asi chaizvoizvo, Ungangove, pangava zvakawanda.

Technology uye mutengo

Chokwadi kuti zvikepe ndezvaJehovha chete chirongwa, hazvirevi vanotoda zvakafanana. Mumwe chikwata chitsva zvimwe zvakwakanakira pamusoro yapfuura nokuda kuvandudzwa zvemichina uye kushandisa dzimwe mhando ano midziyo uye nezvombo. Zvikepe muri kuvakwa hazvina zvokudya zvimwe mhando zvigadzirwa, kunyanya sezvo zvakaoma sezvo yepasi pemvura chirongwa "Ash". The yepasi pemvura "Severodvinsk", vakagamuchirwa neDare Navy basa kare gore, arasikirwe homwe mabhiriyoni 47 rubles. Zvakaenzana achaita mari uye "Kazan", asi isu munotoziva kuti ichi chikepe mitsetse akavandudzika, modernized midziyo, uye ruzha kunyange ezasi. Uyezve, kugadzirwa zvinoriumba uye nenhumbi dzose yepasi pemvura zvino zvaitambidzwa mundima Russian Federation, izvo kunoderedza ngozi yokubvinza Classified ruzivo pamusoro mudziyo wavo uye inowedzera rusununguko kubva kune dzimwe bhizimisi. Pane chikonzero kufunga kuti kukosha nomumwe unozotevera chikwata kuchaita kutsauka pamwe kuvandudzika pamusoro muzvigadzirwa kutenderera. Zvinogara chinoitika, asi chiitiko ichi ane rumwe. Panguva yekuwana chemhando vakakwana chero zvemichina atova zvisingachashandi, uye zviitiko zvitsva vakagadzirira nokuda Implementation, uye mashoko ari akadzokorora nokusingaperi. Chero zvakanaka "Ash" Project 885, muna Russian KB zvimwe kare nevamwe pfungwa. Kwapera makore mashomanana zvechokwadi yepasi pemvura itsva zvichaparadzwa akamisa, zvainyanya izvo zvichava nani.