Mapaipi: Mapaipi Russia

Russian mapaipi mafuta - mumwe kuurongwa ari mafuta uye simba kwemauto hwenyika. Kusvika panguva Russian Federation unoshanda chaizvo samambure mapaipi mafuta, gasi mapaipi uye mapaipi kunosiyana kukosha mafuta. Mapaipi senga tsamba akawanda vanotongwa Federation, uye zvinobatsirawo kuti aina Mahydrocarbon vavo nomukaka.

kupatsanura pakati mapaipi

Mapaipi vakakamurwa maererano nechinangwa:

• Local Connect zvinhu mukati Fisheries, zvivako mafuta uye gasi kuchengetwa, painocheneserwa.
• Regional yaisvitsa migero vane kureba anoverengeka makumi makiromita. Oilfields kusungira kuna tenzi yemapurisa, pamwe zvinhu mafuta vachizvitakudza (vachizvitakudza) pamusoro mvura kana njanji, mukuru Mapaipi.
• Muzongoza - mapaipi, riri pamusoro 50 km, nyere dhayamita kubva 200 mm kusvika 1400 mm uye pamusoro. Kure naro zvigadzirwa inogona kusvitsa mu mapaipi dzakadaro, mazana kana zviuru makiromita. Kupomba rinoitwa hakuna compressor yemapurisa uye kakawanda, munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva munzira yacho Mapaipi. Zvichienderana pumped mafuta, chikuru Mapaipi inonzi Mapaipi (kwakafumuka mafuta kupomba) uye chigadzirwa (mafuta), mafuta dema, mumwe peturu, neparafini, uye vamwe.

Hunde Rwonzi vakavhiyiwa dzose, vanogona kuva pfupi vanorega panjodzi, netsika Nokuraramisa kana yaitsiva zvikamu.

Pokumuka mapaipi mafuta Russia

Nhoroondo pokumuka mapaipi yokuRussia iri nekupedza kwakabatana kukura mafuta indasitiri. Muna 1901, hurumende unobereka vanenge hafu zvachose oiri nyika. With kuwedzera zvemaBhaibheri mbishi zvinhu zviri kuramba akamutsa mubvunzo ayo zvokufambisa. upfumi feasibility yaivakwa mapaipi zvave yokuderedza Batsiranai mabasa ose njanji uye kuderedza mari chokufambisa.

Yokutanga Russian hunde mapaipi pamwe zvachose urefu 1147? Km dzakavakwa pakupera kwezana XIX uye XX emakore uye zvakabatanidzwa minda pedyo Baku mafuta painocheneserwa. The kutanga kuvaka wokutanga chigadzirwa Mapaipi anazvo ne Di Mendeleev. The hurongwa rakatangwa muna 1906. The Mapaipi Kureba 831 km 200 mapaipi mm uye rechi13 compressor dzemapurisa raiva pakukura munyika panguva iyoyo uye akapa eparafini kubva Baku kuna Batumi kuti ekisipoti.

Mumakore prewar, chikuru Rwako mafuta uye mafuta zvigadzirwa vaiva kweGungwa reCaspian, kuCaucasus uye Volga bheseni. Rakanga basa muna Grozny-Tuapse mafuta Mapaipi (649 km, 273 mm dhayamita), Ishimbai-Ufa (169 km, 300 mm) uye chigadzirwa Mangyshlak - Samara uye Ust-Balik - Almetyevsk.

A itsva ose kukura Russian mafuta mapaipi (zvino USSR) yawana mumakore post-hondo. It kwakanyanyisa munguva nokukurumidza kukura mugodhi uye kubudiswa mafuta ari Volga-Urals Basin uye kugadzira deposits kuSiberia. mapaipi zviri zvikuru urefu kusvika 1200 mm dhayamita zvakavakwa. Nemhaka vamwe vavo (semuenzaniso, Surgut - Polotsk), mafuta Siberian akatanga agoiswa nechepakati kumatunhu Russia, Belarus uye kuBaltic States.

Zvakanakira Mapaipi zvifambiso

The kupfuura ndichibvunza kukura yemafuta uye gasi mapaipi Russia akagamuchira yechipiri yezana XX remakore. Nhasi, Vhoriyamu uye zvakananga giravhiti of zvifambiswe yeHydrocarbon mapaipi iri zvishoma nezvishoma displaces mvura nzira uye njanji zvokufambisa yemafuta uye mafuta zvigadzirwa. The chikuru zvakanakira mafuta uye gasi mapaipi ndiwo:

• A chinokosha-siyana kupomba, dambudziko isina kushanda, chinokosha bandwidth, pasipasi kurasikirwa.
• A akasiyana viscosity siyana mafuta pumped.
• Kugadzikana kuvhiyiwa siyana okunze dzinodengenyeka.
• Tinogona kuvaka Mapaipi anenge munzvimbo dzose.
• Yakakwirira pamwero Mechanisation rokuvaka.
• Kushandisa michina enyika nokuti kutonga kwesayenzi kwendangariro.

The chikuru zvakaipira Mapaipi chokufambisa anoonekwa kuti zvakakwana guru upfumi pakuvaka Pasika.

The Kudeuka mapaipi mafuta Russian

1. Baku - Novorossiysk - a Mapaipi kupomba mafuta reCaspian kuti chengarava Novorossiysk.
2. Balakhani - Black City - ndiye wokutanga Russian mafuta Mapaipi kupinzwa kushanda muna 1878. Hunde Mapaipi chinobatanidza Balakhani hove pamusoro ari Absheron Peninsula nokunatsiridza vanokwanisa munharaunda Baku.
3. Baltic Mapaipi network. Design vanokwanisa - mamiriyoni 74 matani mafuta pagore. It rinobatanidza chiteshi chengarava Primorsk kubva kuminda mafuta Western Siberia uye Ural-Volga nharaunda.
4. Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean - a Mapaipi unobva Siberian minda ane mafuta chengarava Kozmino pedyo Nakhodka. Mapaipi opareta - OJSC "AK" Transneft ". Kureba 4188? Km runoita kuti Export mafuta Russian kuna Asia-Pacific uye US pamisika.
5. The mafuta Mapaipi "Druzhba" - nyika guru gadziriro huru mapaipi Yakavakirwa mafuta uye peturu zvigadzirwa mune mugovanisi munyika Eastern Europe. Zvino kushanda kuti ekisipoti kuEurope.
6. Grozny - Tuapse - wokutanga Russian hunde Mapaipi svikiro dhayamita, yakavakwa pakutanga ramakumi remakore kutakura mafuta Caucasian kuGungwa Black nemhenderekedzo.
7. The reCaspian Mapaipi rakapiwa (CPC) Mapaipi rinobatanidza munda kumadokero Kazakhstan kuti chirwere muGungwa Dema pamhenderekedzo pedyo Novorossiysk.
8. Murmansk Mapaipi chokukura matani mamiriyoni 80 richibatanidza minda mafuta Western Siberia uye chengarava Murmansk.
9. Surgut - Polotsk - mafuta Mapaipi unobatanidza Western kuSiberia pamwe Belarus uye ipapo kuBaltic nyika uye Poland.
10. A nedzimwe nenharo huru mafuta Mapaipi Uzen - Atyrau - Samara.

Export Via mapaipi mafuta

Iye zvino, Russian mapaipi mafuta pamusana 84% kubva kunze kwenyika kubva kunyika mafuta. The yasara 13% ndiyo njanji zvokufambisa uye 3% - aqueous uye rwizi zvifambiso. OJSC "AK" Transneft "- chete opareta namafuta mapaipi mu Russia. Nezvokuvandudzika 97% of zvifambiswe mafuta zvinoberekwa munyika. Kureba Mapaipi ezvinhu kambani -. Vanopfuura zviuru 217 makiromita, iro rinobatanidza chikuru kumatunhu oiri kuRussia uye rokutengesa misika muEurope. 46,7 thous. Km of zvachose nezvifambiso zvinosvika chokuita mapaipi mafuta uye 19.3 thous. Km vari mapaipi.

Main mapaipi mafuta kuRussia, zvinobatanidzwa aina:

• KuBaltic Mapaipi kugona - mamiriyoni 74 matani pagore;
• The Mapaipi Hurongwa "Druzhba". Mumwe mapazi Mapaipi anoenda kuPoland, wechipiri - muSlovakia. Total chinzvimbo - matani mamiriyoni 90;
• Black Sea mafuta Mapaipi - mamiriyoni 43 matani.

The vaizotibata kupfuura nzvimbo pokumuka kunze kwenyika mafuta Russian ndiye East Siberian, nokuda ndakawedzera kukura mune mafuta kudyiwa mu China.