Mapaipi chokugadza: Nzira uye Technologies

Kukura Bhizimisi ano uye madhorobha zvoupfumi zirokwazvo hazviiti pasina kushandisa mapaipi zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Risina kumiswa nokushanda kudziyisa mvura, tsvina, gasi, mitsetse mafuta, uye zvichingodaro. G. Dai kuwanikwa pasi chete kuti zvokudya ruzivo uye mitemo panguva nokuturika yavo. Mapaipi gungano nzira, pane zvakawanda.

Chii unyanzvi anogona kushandiswa

Heano chikuru nzira kugadzwa mitsetse:

• Public nzira kunosanganisira ungano huru pamusoro pazvitsigiso, uyewo pamukova mumwe uye kufamba-kuburikidza reservoirs.
• Closed kana trenchless nzira. Kunosanganisira kuripisa mapaipi pasi pasi pasina pasi yokutanga.
• Yakavanzwa nzira. Panyaya iyi, mutopota tatamuka namakoronga vakachera.

Nokuti ungano mitsetse, zvichienderana zvechadenga zvifambiswe svikiro, nzira chokugadza ambient zvemupiro nenyere zvinogona kushandiswa, chakaitwa Kwakashandiswa micheka: kongiri, simbi, mapurasitiki, zvedongo, asbestos. Mumaguta mvura mutopota nokuturika zvinogona kuitwa chete mugoronga nevamwe kukurukurirana (kudziyisa mikuru, zvemagetsi uye t.). Zvinonzi akabvumira kushandisa sezvo mugoronga uye mugero michina.

Features ane nzira akazaruka nokuisa mapaipi

By yakadaro muitiro anogona kuitwa achiisa mapaipi kudziyisa, mvura, utsanana uye zvichingodaro. G. Under kushandiswa mutsetse ndima mugero maringe mugoronga nzira ane akasiyana zvinobatsira. Zvikwepa vakaisa mavari havasi pasi kumanikidzwa panguva nyandu ivhu kana kufamba, uye saka kwenguva yakareba. Zvakaipira unyanzvi iri kuonekwa murombo kuwana migwagwa, kana zvakakodzera, kuagadzira.

Mapaipi chokugadza mu aibuda migero ndiyo anodhura. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, nyanzvi kushumira makambani kuwana mikuru pasina kudikanwa kupikidura.

Above pasi nyere yemanyorero rwakagadzirira chete kurwara nzvimbo nemisha dzevanhu, sezvo migwagwa pfupi uye zvichingodaro. D. Anotsigirazve pasi pavo angava zvose zvemarudzi kongiri uye simbi zvivako, overpasses, zvivako uye masvingo saka. D.

Nzira mapaipi mumaguta munzvimbo angava akasiyana. Asi chero kana mutsetse remaguta ari kudzura kwokudzvinyirira mapazi muvhu miti uye dzimba. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza nheyo maari nechisimba muna nyaya. pevhu mumadhorobha All utilities vakakamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu zvikuru: huru, dzaifanoiswa uye kuparadzira. The mhando yokutanga zvose zvikuru kukurukurirana network musha. Dzaifanoiswa mapaipi nomunharaunda peguta, asi hapana haina kushandisa. Call Kuparadzirwa mutsetse anomuitira kubva chinoumba zvakananga zvivakwa.

Yakavanzwa nzira yokuturikwa

Mapaipi kuvakwa nenzira iyi rinoitwa kakawanda. The chikuru mukana nokuisa pombi mu yacherwa ihama ayo cheapness. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi gungano muitiro chinofanira kuchengetwa zvachose. Pashure pezvose, kuwana pombi hazvisi kwakatooma uye anofanira nechokwadi kuti yokugadzirisa nayo Mapaipi chinodikanwa Kazhinji sezvinobvira.

Mitemo basa pamwe gasket yakavanzwa

Pemigero pasi penzira inogona kushandiswa melkozaglublennye kana zvakadzika. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti Mapaipi Kuisa chinoitwa 50-90 cm. Kana tichishandisa nzira womumvuri mumugero rakacherwa pazasi pasi oma. Kuisa anogona kuitwa musi maindasitiri kudzika 5 m kana achiisa mutopota mitsetse Terms dzakadaro airemekedzwa .:

1. Kana ivhu zvakasimba, zvikwepa akaitwa zvakananga pamusoro payo.
2. Kana kuisa ari kudzika kupfuura 4 m, kana kana zvibereko wakaumbwa simba rinokunda zvinhu, ronga chakagadzirwa substrate. Saka ita pemitsara inopiwa paungano kunzwisisa hydrogeological ezvinhu.
3. Pasi mugoronga rinogadzirirwa nenzira yakadaro kuti pombi kupinda kuonana naye kwoupenyu. Aripo dzomunharaunda anoshaiwa uzere jecha kana nevhu.
4. In pamberi pasi mvura yepasisa kunzvimbo Makomba dzinoronga kubvisa kwavo.

Yakavanzwa Installation mhando: rwokugadzira zvinhu

Technology gungano mitsetse kusanganisira vakasarudzwa zvichienderana chii zvinhu nomutopota inoshandiswa. Polymeric akawanda welded zvidimbu (kusvika 18-24 M pakureba) zvakananga panguva kuchengetera Zvivako, uye ipapo akaponesa kunzvimbo gaskets. Pano, munguva yezhizha vari unganidzwa kuva chinoramba tambo, uye ipapo akaisa iri mugoronga. Installation iri anoitwa Mobile nomoto michina. Munguva yechando nenyere inochengeterwa iri mugoronga uye mumwe zvakabatana kuburikidza gluing kana kuburikidza rabha zvindori.

Mapaipi kuvaka Ceramic kubudisa yakatenuka kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi. Asati kuisa nenyere iri iongororwe kuvapo machipisi. Zvakabatana avo kwakamuka sealingly nebhitumini beach uye zvechizarira umhare samende slurry. About sezvo zvakafanira uye kongiri pombi. Sezvo chisimbiso ichi kana rabha mhete anogona kushandiswa.

Asbestos simende mapaipi kushushikana kusvika 0,6 MPa akaunganidza kushandisa dvuhburtnyh asbestos batira, uye pamwe kumanikidzirwa 0,9 MPa - kushandisa simbi flanged. Zvikwepa Non-kumanikidzwa vari kushandisa cylindrical dzisimbe. Steel penzira tichigadzira kushandisa nomoto.

trenchless nzira

Mapaipi nzira iri kunyanya kushandiswa kana hazvibviri kuti yokuvanda Michina gungano. Somuenzaniso, chaizvo pasi muedzo mutsetse vakabatikana migwagwa, njanji, zvokunze utilities, etc. anotevera nzira nokuda trenchless kwenheyo mapaipi ..:

• kuponjesa;
• kusaidzirana kuburikidza;
• chinjikira Drilling;
• kuvharidzira uchityaira.

Jacking

Maererano zvemichina ichi kudhonza mapaipi mu loamy uye nevhu nevhu. With kushandisa kwainoita mapaipi zvinogona zvakachengeterwa 60 M Manyepo nzira ichi ndeinotevera .:

• simbi chubhu panguva muromo zvinopfekwa;
• pane imwe kure chipingamupinyi akachera gomba uye vakaiisa imwe hydraulic Jack pamusoro pazvitsigiso;
• Zvinonzi kutura mugomba nomuchubhu akaisa duku dhayamita chubhu mairi - «ramrod";
• akabudisa phased ivhu ponji.

Tichishandisa nzira iyi pasi kunze hazvigoni kubviswa. In nedanho ponji chakaputirwa ne- sekamufarenzi pamusoro nenyere.

jacking nzira, uye nhoo kutyaira rwokugadzira

ruzivo aya uyewo kazhinji kushandiswa, kana zvichikodzera, kuvaka mapaipi pasi nezvipingamupinyi. Mapaipi kubudikidza punching kunoita kuti tikunde zvipingamupinyi kusvikira zana mamita. The chubhu iri iyi hayo magumo anomanikidzwa muvhu. The zvichiguma sezvamakaropafadzwa mukati nenyika chivhariso chinobviswa.

Tunneling nhoo rine rutsigiro, chipande uye muswe chikamu. Yechipiri inopa dombo nokuveza uye rusesi hurongwa vari mumitsetse. Rutsigiro mugove ane chimiro mhete uye aida kupa nemamiriro anodiwa Rigidity. The muswe mugove iri kure nhoo zvakanaka.

Directional chinjikira Drilling

Nzira iyi anonzi kupfuura zvinodhura. Asi ane imwe pachena zvinobatsira. Inogona kutora kunyange gobvu nevhu nokushandiswa kwemichina kwakadaro. Drilling muchiitiko ichi chinoitwa anokosha tsvimbo chokuita ne zvamagonhi. Excavation anogona kuitwa panguva kumhanya 1,5-19 m / h. Zvinosuruvarisa, ruzivo urwu hazvigoni kushandiswa pamberi nzvimbo pasi.

Saka, pakusarudza nzira inoenderana nokuiswa mapaipi pamusoro hunhu ivhu, zvokunyama kuti zvaAtemisi senyere, kurimwa kunodiwa. Chero zvazvingava, gungano michina hunde dzacho inofanira kutevedzerwa nemazvo. Yepamusoro mutsetse - pave ishande maindasitiri zvinomera uye matunhu neminisiparati utilities.