Analysis kuti matanda iri Kutsauka. The kunonyanyisa Kutsauka danda: yacho fomura

Beam - chaikosha ouinjiniya ane shamhu riri akatakura mauto kuita mugwara perpendicular kuti tsvimbo. Activities mainjiniya zvinowanzosanganisira kudikanwa kuverenga danda Kutsauka pasi mutoro. Chiito ichi rinoitwa kuti tizvidzore kunonyanyisa Kutsauka danda.

mhando

Pari, pakuvaka inogona kushandiswa matanda akagadzirwa Kwakashandiswa micheka. Izvi zvinogona kuva simbi kana matanda. Mumwe nyaya zvinoreva danda zvakasiyana. The kukarukureta kuti matanda iri Kutsauka angava vamwe kusiyana dzinomuka nemhaka kusiyana marongerwo zvakashandiswa.

emapuranga matanda

kuvakwa nomumwe ano chinoreva kwakapararira kushandisa matanda zvakaitwa namatanda. Chinenge chivakwa ose rine emapuranga uriri. Matanda huni rinogona kushandiswa kubereka okunze, vari kushandiswa munguva zvaAtemisi uriri, uyewo abate Slabs pakati uriri.

Zviri pachena kuti huni, uyewo simbi danda, ruchigona sag pasi pokudzora mauto kunetseka. Museve Kutsauka kunobva chii zvinhu rinoshandiswa, ari geometric magadzirirwo unhu, umo danda rakashandiswa uye hunhu mitoro.

The zvinobvumidzwa Kutsauka danda achiumbwa kubva zviviri:

• Compliance Kutsauka uye bvumidzwa tsika.
• Tinogona kushandisa chivako, kufungisisa Kutsauka.

Ichiitwa paivakwa simba uye Rigidity kubvumira akanakisisa kunzwisisa chii mutoro angakudzivisai chivako panguva oparesheni. Uyewo, Masvomhu izvi kubvumira kuziva chaizvo chii chichava STRUCTURAL zvinhu deformation neimwe nyaya. Zvichida hakuna nharo yokuti kupfuura hwakadzama uye yakarurama Masvomhu - ndiwo chikamu mabasa dzevagari mainjiniya, asi vose zvakafanira tsika inogona rinowanikwa nokushandisa anoverengeka Masvomhu uye masvomhu unyanzvi tisingatungamirirwi.

Kuti kuita zvakarurama kukarukureta kuti danda Kutsauka, mumwe vanofanira kufungawo chokwadi kuti pakuvaka pfungwa Rigidity uye simba zvakabatana. Pachishandiswa mashoko kubva kukarukureta yesimba, unogona mberi mberi kuverenga hama kuomarara. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuverenga kuti danda Kutsauka - mumwe zvinokosha dzemaitirwe yacho kuomarara.

Nyatsoteerera chokwadi kuti Masvomhu izvi pachako nani kushandisa aggregated Masvomhu, kushandisa imwe nani nyore zano. It Dzakamukurudzirawo chiduku kumucheto hombe nzira. Kunyanya kana dzemaitirwe nezvokunetseka keriya zvinhu.

Analysis kuti matanda iri Kutsauka. ari algorithm

Kutaura zvazviri, algorithm nayo akaita zvakafanana kukarukureta iri nyore. Somuenzaniso, funga zvimwe nyore Mufananidzo kukarukureta, nokudaro uchisiya vamwe dzakananga mashoko uye Masvomhu. Kuti kuverenga Kutsauka matanda mberi, kuita zvinotevera matanho kuitira. The algorithm pamusoro kukarukureta zvinotevera:

• Kukarukureta zano yakaitwa.
• Kutsunga geometrical zvechadenga danda.
• Change kufadza mutoro pamusoro maatomu akafanana.
• Kana vanoda kuitwa rukasimbiswa matanda simba vachikotama nguva.
• Computes kufadza Kutsauka.

Sezvaunogona kuona, vose matanho chaizvo nyore uye zviri noitika.

Kugadzirira kukarukureta zano matanda

Kuitira kuti kuverenga zano, hazvina haatarisiri ruzivo zvikuru. Zviri zvakakwana kuziva ukuru uye chimiro muchikamu muchinjikwa ari chinhu, inongoti pakati zvitsigiso uye nzira kubereka. Hupfupi daro pakati zvitsigiso maviri. Somuenzaniso, iwe kushandisa danda sezvo anotsigira mbariro bindepinde kuti akatakura pamadziro eimba, pakati pavo 4 m, inongoti mutengo achava akaenzana 4 m.

Pakuverenga Kutsauka remuti danda, vari zvaiona kungoti vaitsigira zvemamiriro magadzirirwo. Kana pauriri matanda kuti kuverenga hunobviswa redunhu mutoro iri kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana. Raireva chiratidzo q. Kana mutoro wacho icharwirwa hunhu, kuti hunobviswa kuramba mutoro redunhu, runotaurwa F. The kwakakura mutoro uyu akaenzana uremu, izvo vachaomesera chacho.

nguva inertia

Geometric maitiro, rinonzi Nguva inertia, inokosha iri Masvomhu pamusoro Kutsauka danda. The yemaitiro kunoita kuti iwe overenga kukosha ichi, taripa akaderera zvishoma.

Kana pakuverenga Nguva inertia zvinokosha kuti unyatsoteerera ndechokuti kukura chikamu ichi kunobva chii dzidziso yacho chinhu muchadenga. Saka pane Ivan Kuchin ukama pakati inertia nguva uye Kutsauka uwandu. The duku kukosha panguva inertia, chikuru Kutsauka mutengo ndiEzekieri. kutsamira rakanyatsojeka nyore chamber uchidzidzira. Munhu wese anoziva kuti bhodhi, pamusoro unopinza, flexes shoma zvikuru pane yakafanana puranga riri inowanzotorwa chinzvimbo.

Unotara nguva inertia kuti danda rine chikamu rectangular muchinjikwa kubudikidza fomura:

J = B * H ^ 3/12 apo:

b - sectional upamhi;

H - kureba danda chikamu.

Change kufadza mutoro pamwero

Pakusarudza kufadza mutoro pamusoro STRUCTURAL nhengo yakabereka kufungisisa zvinhu zvinoverengeka uye metrics. Kazhinji kana pakuverenga mutoro pamwero kufungisisa kurema 1 mutinhimira matanda, uremu 1 mativi mutinhimira nedenga, denga mutoro uye kwenguva hunhu mutoro kubva pamasvingo pamusoro 1 pachivara mita siringi. Uyewo inorangarira kure pakati pamakamuri unotaurwa mamita. Somuenzaniso, pakuverenga kufadza mutoro uri yemapuranga bango kutora avhareji tsika, maererano izvo bindepinde kurema 60 makirogiramu / m², kwenguva denga mutoro makirogiramu 250 / m², partitions achafunga 75 makirogiramu / m². Kurema danda riri nyore chaizvo kuverenga, achiziva inzwi rayo uye arambe achirema. Kufunga kuti akashandisa yemapuranga danda chikamu 0,15h0,2 m. In iyi, kwayo uremu kwaizova 18 makirogiramu / achimhanya mita. Uyewo Somuenzaniso, kufunga chinhambo pakati pamakamuri bindepinde pakati 600 mm. Panyaya iyi inodiwa reshiyo ndiyo 0,6 isu.

Somugumisiro pakuverenga kufadza mutoro tinowana zvinotevera mugumisiro: q = (60 + 250 + 75) * 0,6 + 18 = 249 makirogiramu / m.

Kana mutengo yakawanikwa, zvinokwanisika kutamira dzemaitirwe pamusoro kunonyanyisa Kutsauka.

Pakuverenga kukosha kufadza Kutsauka

Kana isu ngaaverenge danda, nzira anokwidziridza ose anodiwa okunze. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti nzira inoshandiswa dzemaitirwe, vangava siyanei maonero, kana kuverenga rinoitwa nokuti mifananidzo akasiyana mitoro, izvo zvichaita kunyatsobatsira danda.

isu First kukupa nzira inoshandiswa kuverenga kunonyanyisa Kutsauka yematanda matanda ane vakagovera mutoro.

F = -5 * Q * L ^ 4/384 * E * J.

Cherechedza kuti mutoo uyu, E - ari kugara, yainzi kwakavharwa nenyama modulus mashoko acho. Huni, mufananidzo uyu 100 000 makirogiramu / m².

Kuramba kwedu kukarukureta Data inoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, tinowana kuti, nokuti matanda matanda, ane muchinjikwa chikamu chiri 0,15h0,2 M uye kureba 4 m, uwandu kunonyanyisa Kutsauka kana pasi munhu vakagovera mutoro akaenzana 0,83 cm.

Tapota cherechedza kuti kana dzikabereka Kutsauka kukarukureta kufungisisa dunhu ane pfungwa yokushanda mutoro, asi nzira anotora zvinotevera chimiro:

F = -F * k ^ 3/48 * E * J, apo:

F - simba nevamwe matanda.

Uyewo kuteerera ndechokuti kukosha modulus ose elasticity rinoshandiswa Masvomhu ingasiyana nokuti mifananidzo yakasiyana huni. Vachikurudzirwa kwete chete mhando huni, asiwo mhando mapuranga. Naizvozvo, wose danda, laminated ukanyatsotarisisa musana uye kumativi matanda achava moduli siyana pamusoro elasticity, uye nokudaro dzakasiyana tsika kunonyanyisa Kutsauka.

Unogona zvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvichiita kukarukureta ari matanda Kutsauka. Kana uchida kuziva miganhu deformation pakati STRUCTURAL okunze, ipapo pakupera dzemaitirwe pakati Kutsauka museve, unogona kurega. Kana chinangwa chako - kugadza pamwero pokuita akawana zviratidzi rokuvaka Codes, vanofanira kuenzaniswa data, iyo inoiswa chaiyo magwaro ane normative hunhu.

I-danda

Tapota ona kuti I-danda pematanda ehwaro anoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji nokuda chimiro chavo. Asi usakanganwa kuti yakadaro namaapuro Kufananidzira angakudzivisai mutoro zvikuru kupfuura nzvimbo kana nzira, iyo inogona kuva nzira I-danda.

Kukarukureta kuti Kutsauka H-danda inomira kuita chiitiko yamuri kushandisa sechinhu simba chakagadzirwa Kufananidzira.

Tapota onawo kuti haasi marudzi ose I-danda pematanda ehwaro anogona overenga Kutsauka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Zvisinei, akabvumira kuti kuverenga Kutsauka H-danda? In zvose zvakadaro nyaya 6, izvo anoenderana nezvemarudzi matanhatu I-matanda. Mhando idzi ndeinotevera:

• Nyorai-chete span danda ane noruvara akagovera mutoro.
• Kunyaradzai Hazvichinji-chinji midzi pamugumo uye noruvara vakagovera mutoro.
• Danda kubva span kusvika kunyaradzana neruoko rimwe, iro rinoshandiswa munhu noruvara akagovera mutoro.
• danda Single ane hinji mhando akatakura aine pfungwa yokushanda simba.
• Single-span nyore akatsigira danda namapoka maviri kuramba.
• Kunyaradzai ane vanachandagwinyira kuvhara kuisa simba.

simbi matanda

The kukarukureta of kunonyanyisa Kutsauka chete, kana iri simbi danda kana chinhu yakasiyana zvinhu. Chinhu chikuru - yeuka avo netsika dzakananga uye wechigarire, kufanana Somuenzaniso modulus kuti elasticity. Kana kushanda simbi matanda, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti vanogona kuitwa simbi kana ane I-danda. danda Kutsauka simbi yakagadzirwa simbi, rinowanikwa tichifunga kuti dzose E hazvisi 2 × 105Mpa. zvimwe zvose zvine maatomu akafanana, zvakadai Nguva inertia, vari dzaona maererano algorithms pamusoro apa.

The kukarukureta of kunonyanyisa Kutsauka danda rine zvitsigiso maviri

Somuenzaniso, funga zano umo danda riri pamusoro zvitsigiso maviri, uye pacho rinoshandiswa kuisa simba panguva imwe zvemasanga nguva. Kusvikira nguva kushandisa rimwe simba danda riri yakarurama mutsetse, asi pasi pokudzora mauto yachinja rwayo uye nokuda tisawirirane akava munyonga.

Ngatitii Ndege xy ndiyo ndege kubva symmetry kuti danda riri zvitsigiso maviri. mitoro All kuita pamusoro danda riri mundege iyi. Panyaya iyi, chokwadi ndechokuti munyonga vakawana somugumisiro simba, achava mukati mundege iyi. munyonga uku kunonzi kwakavharwa nenyama mutsara danda kana mutsetse danda Kutsauka. Algebraically kugadzirisa chinhu kwakavharwa nenyama mutsetse ane danda overenga Kutsauka danda, iyo nzira iyo wakaiswa kuti matanda pamwe zvitsigiso maviri, sezvinotevera.

Kutsauka nechokure z kubva kuruboshwe rutsigiro matanda kuti 0 ≤ z ≤ ane

F (Z) = (P * ane ² * b ²⁾ / (6E * J * L ) * ( 2 * z / a + z / bz ^3/2 * b)

Kutsauka danda riri zvitsigiso maviri nechokure z kubva rutsigiro kuruboshwe kuti ≤ z ≤l

d (Z) = (- P * ane ² * b ²⁾ / (6E * J * L ) * ( 2 * (lz) / b + ( lz) / a- (lz) ³ / a + b ^2), apo F - vakashandisa simba, E - kwakavharwa nenyama modulus mashoko, J - axial nechinguvana inertia.

Kana danda maviri inotsigira nguva inertia rinowanikwa sezvinotevera:

J = b ₁ h ₁ ^3/12 apo b ₁ uye h ₁ - upamhi uye kukwirira muchikamu vemuchinjikwa danda rakashandiswa, ukuwo.

mhedziso

In mhedziso, zvinganzi vakagumisa samstoyatelno kuti ngaaverenge kunonyanyisa Kutsauka danda pakubhadhara akasiyana zviri nyore. Sezvinoratidzwa munyaya ino, chinhu chikuru - kuziva zvimwe zvainyanya kuti kuvimba nezvinhu uye geometric maitiro, uye kuita Masvomhu pamusoro Masvomhu dzakawanda umo mumwe parameter rine tsanangudzo kwayo uye zvisina kutorwa pasina.