Nokufema nevira

Vira rakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa dzenguruve simbi. kutanga akaonekwa XV remakore. muEurope. MuRussia, wokutanga Nokufema romoto yakavakwa muna 1620 pedyo Tula. Ipapo huni Stoves dzakadaro vakashumira nemarasha. Papera chete zana (1709), Chirungu muvambi Abraham Derby akakwanisa kubata mhepo chamatare simbi, achitsiva marasha pamusoro chemubhotoro, ibwe uye marasha.

Old ruzivo shanduko umhare bhomba echoto, uye chitarisiko chawo zano pacharo ironmaking. Asi zvinokosha kuramba chete. Nhasi kwebhosvo romoto - chivakwa vangasvika 30 M (kukwirira dzinosiyana ± 5 m). Kukwirira rose mamiriro anogona pfuura mamita 80.

bhomba romoto sei?

Kuburikidza yokumusoro mugove (huro) vachizvitakudza vebasa (agglomerate, pellets, simbi mhangura, simbi manganese, mafuta uye fluxes). Below ndezvangu, chikuru chikamu Nokufema chamatare, inova cône flaring. Nokuda kuwedzera uyu nyore kuburuka chakasimba zvinhu zvinowedzera inzwi kana kupopotedzana. By pasi nomubato pedyo bosh (rakafara, cylindrical). Zvainyunguduka mutariri. Nokuti steamed, pasi, vari vakaronga mafudzi kwakaitwa chimiro truncated cône ane kuderedzwa chawo pasi. muchinjikwa chikamu kwakadaro chinonyanya akakodzera kuti kudzikira vhoriyamu nokuda kunyunguduka zvinhu.

In cylindrical hwamanda, nechepasi chikamu Profile ndiwo combustion pakati chemubhotoro uye mvura chigadzirwa ari kuenda simbi.

Horn muzvikamu zviviri: yokumusoro mapazi (tuyere) uchingodzikira (metalopriemschik, sezvamakaropafadzwa vakaunganidza Fusion zvigadzirwa). Pachoto akadana nechezasi chikamu mevira.

The tuyere mapazi akaronga tuyere akaunganidzwa, zvokudya kupinda mhepo romoto Nokufema (preheated mhepo). Hazvina nzvimbo iri kukonzera yokupisirapo chemubhotoro, tembiricha pano kukura kwavo kunonyanyisa tsika - 2000 inegumi. Pamusoro vira pamusoro tembiricha iri repasi (kusvika 350 madhigirii).

In yepazasi regomo inovakwa simbi notch, kurovha utsotso zvigadzirwa - gang nesimbi pacharo.

Yamboshandiswa gang pombi mugomba, asi tsika okupedzisira emakore kwakaratidza kuti zvinonyanya anoshanda apfuure gang uye nesimbi notch vachikanda-simbi, mimwe nokupesana huru mugoronga yakabatana romoto.

By ovheni abuts anonzi kukandira mumba apo midziyo yaiva kundizivisa taphole nokuvhara shure nokubudiswa gang nedare. Apa pane maiiswa pamwe inoerera, vatungamiriri kubvunda chigadzirwa mu migomo.

Asunungurwa kubva sezvamakaropafadzwa simbi anosiiwa gang (arambe achirema musiyano) muchoto chigadzirwa rwunotumirwa mukuru mumhanyi,. Kubva munoyerera ibvai kumigero maviri. Imwe nhume kuna gang, pane dzimwe - simbi. Kandira simbi yakadururirwa akaramba zvinofamba mhando (mhando conveyor), pashure kutonhora uye mimwe siyana akapidigura simbi akatuma kare motokari. Gang yakadururirwa dziva, mvura haachandidi uye pelletized.

Mumwe vira kureba anoenderana imwe tembiricha, chaiyo nokuti uku simbi kubva ores mu uye Rwako.

In yepazasi chikamu choto combustion ari kusvitsa munhu zvakakwana okisijeni chemubhotoro. Coke anopisa, ndura carbon dioxide, izvo zvaanoita pamwe chemubhotoro, vachichinja atova carbon monoxide. Uyezve pane maitiro pakati carbon monoxide uye oxides simbi. Recovery kunoitika kune simbi. Iron nomuti kabhoni nesimbi inotengwa. Kunze vatatu mana muzana kabhoni iri chiwanikwa varipo mune zviduku kukura manganese nesilicon, sarufa phosphorus.

Chaizvoizvo, Nokufema chamatare, nheyo iro rave richirondedzerwa pano, anogona kunzi sezvo vasiri tsvina kugadzirwa. By-zvinogadzirwa kuti kuitika pakuburitswa kwacho, zvinonzi inoshandiswa masvingo mafekitari kuti kugadzirwa dzenguruve simbi. The gang inowedzerwa samende, akakodzera zvivako (sezvo zvino rinoparadzirwa cinder nechigumbuso) uye mhepo vira gasi ari mafuta akanaka, preheated mhepo vaipa kune rimwe bhomba romoto.