Characterization uye kupatsanura pakati exogenous kwendangariro. Zvabuda exogenous kwendangariro. The ukama endogenous uye exogenous Geological pezvakaitwa

Mumazana kuvapo panyika ari dzichichinja. Izvi mberi nhasi. Anononoka uye imperceptible vanhu uye kunyange marudzi mazhinji. Zvisinei, transformations izvi pakupedzisira vangasimudzira kushandura pakuonekwa Earth. pezvakaitwa vakadaro rakakamurwa exogenous (kwokunze) uye endogenous (zvemukati).

kupatsanura

Exogenous pezvakaitwa - mugumisiro nekuita pakati goko yepasi pamwe hydrosphere, uye mhepo biosphere. Ivo vakadzidza kuti zvakarurama kuona simba pamusoro Geological shanduka Pasi. Pasina exogenous pezvakaitwa vasina vakava mitemo kukura panyika. Vadzidza sayenzi guru zvemaumbirwo (kana geomorphology).

Vanachiremba kushandisa vakawanda kupatsanura pakati exogenous urongwa, unogovera mumapoka matatu. First - a weathered, inomiririra kuchinja zvivako nematombo uye zvicherwa pasi pokudzora kwete chete mhepo asiwo carbon dioxide, okisijeni, uye mvura basa zvipenyu. Inotevera mhando exogenous pezvakaitwa - denudation. kuparadzwa uku dombo (kuchinja ehupfumi sezvo kuna weathering), disintegration kwavo inoyerera mvura uye mhepo. The wokupedzisira mhando - kuwanda. Izvi inotungamirwa itsva pamusoro sedimentary matombo nokuda sediments vaunganidza dzegirini pano zvokuyamura somugumisiro weathering uye denudation. On kuunganidza muenzaniso anogona akataura kuona ukama ose exogenous kwendangariro.

zvokuimba weathering

weathering Mumuviri anonziwo zvokuimba. Somugumisiro izvi exogenous pezvakaitwa mabwe dzikava boulders, jecha uye gruss, nokuputsanya kupinda zvimedu. Chinhu chinokosha muviri weathering - insolation. Nekuti chiedza chezuva kudziyisa kwaizotevera kutonhora inoitika nguva nenguva kusiyana padombo vhoriyamu. Chinokonzera cracking walnut uye kurasikirwa kutaurirana pakati zvicherwa. Zvinobva pachena exogenous pezvakaitwa - dombo anopinda zvidimbu. Kunokonzera amplitude pakati tembiricha, nokukurumidza zvinoitika.

Mwero inotungamirwa makatsemuka kunobva ehupfumi padombo, ayo foliation, lamination, cleavage zvicherwa. Zvokuimba Kuvhiringidza anogona kuva dzakawanda. Kubva yakasimba zvinhu kutiza zvipenga mamiriro, akafanana pachikero, ndokusaka ichi muitiro anonzi cheshueniem. A girenayiti hunoparadza nemavhinga kuumba bhokisi.

makemikari kuparadzwa

Uyezve, dombo nemukuparadzwa kunoita makemikari migumisiro mvura uye mhepo. Okisijeni uye carbon dioxide ndivo vamiririri zvikuru basa, kutyisidzira kuvimbika hukawanika. Mvura anotakura munyu zvinogadzirisa, uye naizvozvo basa yaro muitiro kwemakemikari weathering kunonyanya kumusoro. kukuvara kwakadaro kungaratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana: carbonation, oxidation uye kuparadzwa. Uyezve, kemikari kukurwa kwevhu kunoguma nokuumbwa zvicherwa itsva.

Water makore kuburikidza zvemakore ose zuva nokupedzwa uye seep kuburikidza pores yakaumbwa muna kukoromoka matombo. The Urume anoita vakawanda zvinhu, nokudaro zvichiita kuti manyowa yacho zvicherwa. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti zvakasikwa hapana zvachose insoluble zvinhu. Mubvunzo chete kwenguva yakareba sei vane nechivako wavo pasinei exogenous kwendangariro.

oxidation

Oxidation inobata kunyanya zvicherwa, izvo zvinosanganisira sarufa, simbi, manganese, cobalt, nickel navamwe zvinhu. Uyu mushonga kwacho kuri kushingaira kunyanya mumhuri nomuti mhepo, okisijeni uye mvura. Somuenzaniso, kuonana mwando, chikamu dombo nitrous nesimbi vari oxides, sulfides, - .. Sulphates, etc. Vose azvaiitwa chokuita kwakaita nzvimbo yacho paNyika.

Somugumisiro oxidation panzvimbo dzapasi akaturikidzana zvevhu vaunganidza kunonaya ine simbi mhangura (ortzandy). Kune dzimwe mienzaniso kukanganisa kwayo pamusoro mamiriro enzvimbo. Saka, weathered mabwe ane simbi, akafukidza shava crusts limonite.

Organic weathering

Utachiona dzinoitawo pakuparadzwa padombo. Somuenzaniso, lichens (nyore zvirimwa) anogona kugadzirisa pane chero pemvura. Zvinotsigira upenyu, achibvisa dzinounzwa kushandisa makemikari acids muviri. Mushure nyore zvinomera pamatombo muti uswa Zvapera. Panyaya iyi, nzvimbo dzakatsemuka kuva musha kumidzi.

Zvinoitwa exogenous pezvakaitwa haagoni kuita pasina kutaura makonye, masvosve uye mujuru. Vari kuita refu uye vakawanda tunnels, uye pakudaro zvinokonzera kupinda mhepo pasi muvhu, umo murwiyo ane rinoparadza carbon dioxide inobvisa uye unyoro.

Mugumisiro chando

Ice - rinokosha Geological chinhu. It anobatsira basa rinokosha iri paumbwe kwakaita nzvimbo yacho Wepasi. Mugore dzemakomo echando uchifamba murwizi mumipata, kuchinja chimiro uye anotsvedzerera pamusoro eko. kuparadzwa rwakadaro Vanodzidza rinonzi gouging (vypahivaniem). The zvinofamba chando anoita rimwe basa. He anotakura detritus, akaputsa kubva padombo. weathering zvigadzirwa idonhe kubva menzvimbo dzemipata uye mugogara pamusoro pechiso chando. Kwakadaro aiparadza kuvadza Geological acho anonzi moraine.

Zvakafanana rinokosha pasi-chando, riri kuumbwa mune ivhu anozadza pores muzvinhu refu uye permafrost. Sezvo kuita chinhu pano zvakare okunze. Rezasi paavhareji tembiricha, chikuru kudzama oma. Apo zhizha inonyunguduka chando pamusoro penyika dzigadzire kubva mvura nevezera. Vanoparadza nzvimbo uye kuchinja chimiro chayo. Similar pezvakaitwa gore negore inodzokororwa mu zvinogara, somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe Russia.

gungwa chikonzero

Gungwa pamusoro 70% pakati pemvura yedu uye, hapana mubvunzo, kwagara chinokosha Geological exogenous chinhu. Gungwa mvura inofamba achifuridzirwa mhepo, naTidhari naTidhari dzenzvimbo. With izvi akabatanidza nokuparadzwa zvikuru pasi goko. Mafungu kuti vasase kunyange panguva yakaderera ine makungwa kure nemhenderekedzo, pasina vanorega kuparara akapoteredza dombo. Munguva dutu, simba egungwa zvinogona matani akawanda paavhareji mativi mita.

Masero vasakukurwa uye kuparadzwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa yomugungwa matombo anonzi abrasion chaiko. Iye anobuda vanoiswa. Pamahombekombe zvingaita blurry mhenderekedzo, headland kana zvimwe pamatombo. Uyezve, egungwa chinozunguzirwa nokuumba breakages uye dzezvitsigiro. Character kuparadza kunobva marongerwo Zvinoumba mabwe onshore.

Pazasi nyanza uye makungwa ndokuyerera chichiitika pakati denudation. Izvi akwanise nokuda zvikuru chokubuda. Panguva madutu uye dzimwe njodzi vari kuumbwa simba zvizivikanwe nemichina mafungu, riri ayo nzira zvinokugumburai pamusoro pemvura dzakatenuka. Kana kudhumhana kunoitika munhu hydraulic kuvhunduka mudariki yl uye dombo pakumedura.

mhepo chiito

Wind sezvo hapana kupfuura kuchinja pemvura paNyika. Zvinoparadza matombo kunounza detrital zvinhu zviri mupfupi ndokuvata naye zvakaenzana. Pamusangano nokumhanya mamita 3 pasekondi yoga yoga, mhepo Unopesva mashizha, 10 metres - mukobvu rinodederesa matavi, anomutsa huruva uye jecha, 40 metres, kudhonza kubuda miti uye kuparadza dzimba. Kunyanya basa rokuparadza anoitwa guruva madutu, uye washington.

Process mhepo ichivhuvhuta dombo nezvimedu anonzi deflation. Mumagwenga uye Semi anoumba wandei rutapudzo pamusoro pemvura akapeta munyu marshes. Mhepo kusimba chiito, kana nyika isina kudzivirirwa zvinomera. Saka, zvinoita deforms simba kunyanya gomo bheseni.

kudyidzana

In nokuumbwa kwakaita nzvimbo yacho paNyika inoita basa rinokosha ukama endogenous uye exogenous Geological kwendangariro. Nature hwakarongwa kuitira kuti vamwe vanomutswa vamwe. Somuenzaniso, kwokunze exogenous pezvakaitwa pakupedzisira kutungamirira makatsemuka panyika nechepasi. Kuburikidza mawindo izvi muura yepasi wacho magma Rwako. Pakanyenga muchimiro machira nokuumba imwe erudzi itsva.

Magmatism hakusi chete muenzaniso sechivako nesungano pakati exogenous uye endogenous kwendangariro. Mazizaya inobatsira kuti nokuputsa zviri mamiriro enzvimbo. Ichi chinhu kwokunze exogenous kwendangariro. Somugumisiro, zviri kuumbwa peneplain (pabani nezvikomo diki). Zvadaro, somugumisiro endogenous pezvakaitwa (tectonic matete kufamba), pemvura ichi rinobuda. Saka, dzomunyika uye zvimwewo zvingakonzera anopikisana. The ukama endogenous uye exogenous pezvakaitwa yakaoma uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Nhasi, zvinonzi akadzidza zvakadzama mukati yechinangwa geomorphology.