Alcohols Kugadzirira: Nzira uye Raw Materials

Alcohols zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji kudaro uye mabasa. Of pavo zvibereko siyana chakaita zvokugadzirwa Polymers, plasticizers, rubbers, detergents uye dzimwe mhando zvakawanda. Preparation of alcohols rinoitwa kushandisa nemakemikari uye nemakemikari nzira. Vakawanda vavo vari vakawanda zvibereko petrochemical usage. Chemical kwetunhu Mahydrocarbon ari hwakanaka chipa kugadzirwa nzira. Zviri mumwe anokosha nzira ndiyo kugadzirwa alcohols pamwe olefins hydration. Saka ndawana isopropyl, chi- uye tert-butyl uye ethyl alcohols. Kugadzirira methyl doro (methanol) inobva yakaoma DISTILLATION huni.

Basic pezvakaitwa izvo zvibereko alcohols:

• Alkaline hydrolysis halogen nomukaka: kugadzirwa glycerol, benzyl doro uye nevamwe.
• Hydration epoxides uye alkenes: ethylene glycol, panyaya iyi uye zvakafanana.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, etc.
• oxidation nzira: kugadzirwa mafuta alcohols.
• Recovery Nzira: yepamusoro mafuta alcohols, xylitol uye nevamwe.
• Nemakemikari nzira: kugadzirwa glycerol uye panyaya iyi.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda-yakabereka chigadzirwa ndiyo ethyl doro (panyaya iyi). On kwayo hwaro, zvakanzi muitiro hwokubereka chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha. Panyaya iyi inotengwa kubva huni hydrolysis zvigadzirwa, ethylene sulfite doro uye enzymatic nzira zvokudya mbishi zvinhu.

Kugadzirira alcohols (panyaya iyi uye methanol) kubva zvokudya yakatsvuka zvokunyama uye matanda inodhura uye nguva unoparadza rikurumidze. Ethyl doro zvakawanda zvakanaka uye nyore kubereka kubva isingadhuri yeHydrocarbon feedstock, semuenzaniso, pamwe ethylene hydration. Kuti vawane mumwe tani panyaya iyi kuburikidza enzymatic nzira, zvinokosha kuti ironge matani mana zviyo, kana matani vasere sawdust. Enzanisa mumwe tani panyaya iyi inotengwa kubva matani 2,5 epetroleum distillates kana ethylene gasi. Labor mari munhu-maawa ari kugadzirwa panyaya iyi kubva siyana mbishi zvinhu: zviyo - 160, kubva mbatatisi - 280, zviri ethylene - 10. Preparation of petrochemical feedstock alcohols ndiyo yaisadhura uye nguva unoparadza.

Uyewo chinokosha chaizvo kwemakemikari chigadzirwa ndiyo methanol. Modern kugadzirwa kwezvinhu methanol riri kuitwa makemikari kwetunhu kwakavakirwa carbon monoxide (II) kana kwetunhu gasi mu muindasitiri akamboona. Kwesayenzi zvirongwa, pane zvakasiyana. Vanogona kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka matatu.

- reongororo kuti zinc-chromium catalysts panguva pamatunhu zvisingatauriki. Izvi ndizvo usashanda uye yatsiviwa yakasiyana kwetunhu nzira yakaderera kumanikidzwa.

- reongororo hwemhangura-zinc-aruminiyamu tiwedzere yakaderera kumanikidzwa. Uchishandisa nzira kwetunhu yakaderera chingavabvisa kuderedza mari simba kugadzirwa. With nzira iyi gadzira kunoda anokudzwa pakati wokunatswa yakatsvuka zvinhu netsvina kwakakanganisa kukanganisa tiwedzere.

- a-danho matatu methanol usage mune hurongwa riri kuitwa kuturika ari inert emura uye nenguvo dzakarukwa zvakanaka vakakamura tiwedzere. Izvi nzira kuwedzera goho, apo nokuderedza simba mari. Nzira kugadzirira alcohols vawedzerwe. Three-danho hurongwa chinhu mberi kugadzirwa michina.