Tatar NPP, Republic of Tatarstan: description, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Raputika paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa kunokonzerwa kwete kwezvakatipoteredza kukuvara chete. Nokukuvadzwa ari "atomu rugare" kwaita kuti shanduro yokuti kuchengeteka kwebasa pazviteshi, ari kuvhara muzvirongwa pasi kuvakwa iyi mhando uye hapana chitsva simba renyukireya miriwo kwemakore akawanda. Chisarudzo Orthodox chakaitwa pasi kufurirwa ezvinhu uye voruzhinji. Zvimwe zviitiko akaratidza kuti pasina simba renyukireya pamwero wenyika haagoni kupiwa. Kutungamirira kunjodzi kuregeredza, vasingaremekedzi vakachengeteka kurapa uye ngozi kuedza, kudzora iyo hazvibviri.

Tatar NPP - chivakwa nyaya

Nokuda basa rokuvaka mune Tatarstan huru maindasitiri zvivako, zvakadai se "Nizhnekamsk namakemikari fekitari", motokari hofori "Kamaz", "Nizhnekamenskshina", hurumende vakakurukura nyaya kuwedzera simba romugove mudunhu kubvira 1978. Nuclear simba yeredhiyo panguva iyoyo dzakavakwa zvose pamusoro penzvimbo, saka kwakasarudzwa kuvaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa muna makumi mashanu chete kubva Nizhnekamsk, apo kare kwaiva musha Kamskie Polyana.

Tatar NPP Chirongwa yakazokudziridzwa bazi "Atomteploelektroprokta" muna Riga, mukuru Muvaki wasimbisa "Kamgesenergostroy". Nokuti kuvakwa richaitirwa womuenzaniso chirongwa, yakanga yatova yavakirwa uye kuvhiyiwa "Balakovo", "Chornobyl NPP" uye vakauya kuna chirongwa zviratidzi Khmelnytsky, Volgodonsk chiteshi, uyewo konekwa uye Bashkir Crimean NPP.

Start okuvaka yakaitika muna 1980, vakaronga pakuparurwa wokutanga chikwata raizoitirwa muna 1992, vasara simba miti vakaronga kushandisa nokukurumidza iripo. mabasa Major rwaiitwa muna 1988, guta upfumi vakasvika mamiriyoni 288 rubles, mutengo kuvakwa mabasa vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 96 rubles. Maererano gwaro, Tatar NPP aifanira inokwana 4,000 MW, izvo kunotangira reactors mana.

Sezvineiwo, pachaunga kuramba akawedzeredzwa nyaya konekwa simba chechitima. Maererano runyerekupe, zvakanzi akaronga kuisa 12 reactors. Enzanisa kupfuura simba muEurope, Zaporizhzhya NPP ari vakapakata reactors 6 chete uye pakukwanisa kwayo ndiko 6000 MW.

kuchengetedza

Muna 1990 chivako rikaguma zvachose. Panguva iyoyo, Tatar NPP vagadzirira okupedzisira padanho basa. Aronga kuti apedzise kuvakwa reactor mupanda, injini wamakamuri anokwana zviyero zviviri chokutanga, kwaiva nheyo bwendefa reactor mupanda simba rechitatu, Makomba vave vakagadzirira rwechitatu norwechina simba dzakabatana.

Maererano raivapo panguva iyoyo vakaronga kuvaka, danho iri zvaireva chokupedzisira. erection chinhu wechiTatar chirimwa. Construction rakamira zvachose. Kuwedzera yemapurisa, guta rakanga akagadzirira simba ouinjiniya - Kamskie Polyana, administrative zvivako, Auxiliary standby bhaira, akamisa chifananidzo embankment Dam, akavaka anotsigira mabasa. Paaigadzirira kununura mafuta zvenyukireya Panguva iyi uye paiva kuchengetedzwa chinhu. Sezvo mafuta hairwirwi, zvakaoma pacharo hausi radiological njodzi.

Tatar NPP - handiyo chete Monument kune "atomu rugare" munyika yaimbova Union panguva iyoyo yakanga chando simba renyukireya zvirimwa anenge gumi mumatanho siyana kuvakwa.

Zvikonzero mukuvhara

17 April, 1990 yakabudiswa hurumende chirevo Tatarstan "On kumira pakuvaka kugadzirwa zvivako Tatar NPP". Zvikonzero zvokurega kuvaka akaudzwa kuti nhepfenyuro iri muna Kama mhosva vematunhu, dzinoratidzwa tectonic basa. nokukurumidza mashoko aya hwakasimbiswa oneka nokudengenyeka Zakamye.

Asi vanhu vazhinji vanofunga: chikonzero chikuru chokuti Tatar NPP pakuvaka rakaguma, rimwe dambudziko pana paChernobyl, kwakaitika muna 1986. Chinhu chinokosha pakuita nyaya ino wakapata pasocial sangano. Muchirwisa run ane mabhomba chinhu vakaungana sangano kunyange zvachose utsinye. Kunyange ipapo zvaiva pachena kuti kukwana pakuvaka ibwe vachawira pasi bhajeti, maererano nako utungamiri Republic kwakaita akaedza kutsvaka mumwe kushandiswa nokuda chinhu.

Paiva pfungwa, zvirongwa uye zvirongwa, kunyange reshaping renyukireya nesimba chirimwa pane Hydroelectric chirimwa, apo dzinongoitika simba akashandiswa. The racho pasi nhaurirano, muSoviet Union akatanga mamwe matambudziko - kuchinja zvoupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika.

With kare pasina remangwana

Abandoned kwezvivako pacharwo Tatar NPP - chinhu ichi zvekushandisa zviri Republican bhajeti, asi yakakura dambudziko raiva musha. Kama Glade, apo akararama vavaki uye vashandi Remangwana vakundikana chechitima. Vanhu vaifanira kugovera mabasa. Projects kuitwa kakawanda. Mumwe wavo zvinofanirwa pave musha-inobva uchitamba mutambo vematunhu, asi pfungwa kwakaparadza nokuda moratorium. Zvinotevera mutongo pasina shoma vanonyengera: nharaunda renyukireya simba chirimwa kusika munhu nzvimbo uchinzvera mitambo, quests, kushandisa nzvimbo yeredhiyo kuti kufamba.

Number muzvirongwa uye vaitaura havana kugadzirisa dambudziko huru - kushaya simba vanoponeswa kuitira kuti utungamiri Republic nguva dzose unovandudzwa hurukuro pamusoro nokumutswa kuvaka chinhu akadai Tatar Nuclear Power Plant (Republic of Tatarstan). Vakaedza muna 2003 uye 2005, asi mapoka kwezvakatipoteredza nguva vetoed pfungwa.

rinoparadza mwoyo

Vamwe zvomumagaba NPP (Kostroma, Bashkir) pashure pokuwa USSR akaramba pakuenzanisa Pepa wekambani "Rosenergoatom", Tatar NPP kushandisa Republican Tatarstan mwero. Uye kana boka rinopa mari yayo akachengetedzwa zvinhu kuti maximally kuchengetedza pfuma uye kuti kukwanisa mberi kuvaka chero nguva, muna Tatarstan kudiwa ichi kwete makavaona. Somugumisiro, simba renyukireya chirimwa vanoda vakatama vega chisingapembedzwi zvokuvakisa, nonferrous nesimbi kubatsira kuvaka nenhubu "bhizimisi".

Vazhinji Township riri kushanda kunze kwenyika, vakawanda vavo vasara Nizhnekamsk, Kazan. Mumwe ari keji nyanzvi uye akaenda kuchamhembe pakuvaka. Nharaunda yose aimbova renyukireya nesimba kudyara rwakapoteredza akavaka-up nzvimbo afanane idzangaradzimu mutaundi kana Zone kubva yokufungidzira kubudikidza Strugatsky hama, apo anokandwa akasiya nhaka Soviet Union munyika.

Kuti kuva kana kwete kuva

Muna November 2013, yakanga pachena nehurumende yeRussia pamusoro kwematunhu kukura kuronga uye simba yakaoma, apo mukuru kusimbisa riri kuvakwa simba renyukireya itsva zvinomera uye Hydroelectric simba zvinomera. The Hurongwa wakavhomorwa kusvikira 2030, mavambo ayo Implementation kwatova kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda munyika. Tartar NPP rinotaurwawo gwaro ive chinhu wakaiswa pamusoro pokutanga kuvandudzwa kuvakwa.

Maererano urongwa zvakataurwa mune Zvakanyorwa upenyu rinodzokera Kamskie munda apo wechiTatar chirimwa vachamutswa. The resumption okuvaka akatanga kuchenesa nzvimbo uye rinofanira kupedzwa muna 2030 apo yemapurisa iri achimhanya ari zvizere chinzvimbo. The chikwata yokutanga yakarongwa pakuparurwa muna 2026.

Asi mubvunzo pamusoro pana ravarwi, achiri kunokonzera kutya pane zvakanaka pfungwa. Tectonically kushingaira Kamsky mhosva asina anyangarika, zvakaipira kuparadzwa yenyukireya simba chirimwa vanozivikanwa uye "riitike" empirically, kubvumira mumwe njodzi hapana anoda. Veruzhinji kurovedzera uye voruzhinji vari nyasha abolition kuvakwa. Ipa zvachose mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: vachavaka apo yenyukireya simba chirimwa wechiTatar, hapana anogona nechivimbo. Kama Glade - dzakanakira nzira, asi munhu haagoni shrug kure dzinongoitika zvinhu uye pfungwa vanhu vanogara mudunhu.

Opinion masayendisiti - vashandi zvenyukireya

Kuchiva vanomhanya yakakwirira vakakomba building, asi masayendisiti zvinobatanidzwa radioecology nharo kuti pashure paChernobyl uye Fukushima Michina zvave nani, padanho kuchengeteka unokubvumira kuisa zvenyukireya rectors pose uye kuwana kuchangotanga vhinza. simba renyukireya ndiro zvikuru kufambidzana michina. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti CHP uye hydropower miti kusvibisa zvakawanda, uye mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa dzimwe nzvimbo Russia uye Tatarstan, kusanganisira kuva mukuru pamwero nengozi kuparadzwa zvose upenyu chiitiko nenjodzi panguva chirimwa.

Wokupedzisira nharo vachida irambidzwe kuvakwa ndiye zvizivikanwe nemichina njodzi munzvimbo pakuvaka chinhu Tatar NPP. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti dambudziko iri kuwedzeredzwa, uye kumbotipa muenzaniso yakachengeteka kushanda renyukireya simba miti pamusoro Kola Peninsula, Armenia, apo chakadaro ngozi iri kazhinji, uye zvizivikanwe nemichina basa rakaratidzwa kanopfuura kamwe. Zvichida kare chirongwa haana kundosangana kuitika matambudziko, uye konekwa yemapurisa kumirira kuvandudza kuchengeteka, izvo zvinogona kupa kuitika pamwero kwemichina kukura.

Nokumutswa kana purojekiti itsva?

Mubvunzo ndewokuti, vachavaka apo Tatar NPP kusvikira kugadziriswa muchifarira Kama Glades. Construction akatora mutariri "Rosenergoatom". Maererano itsva chirongwa vanokwanisa pakati chirimwa kuchaita kwakafanana 2300 MW, iyo ichapa reactors maviri 1150 MW. To yekare shanduro kuvakwa, hapana achadzokera, asi kushandisa kwezvivako pakati mapfupa zvakafanira, izvozvo compensates zvimwe mari. Chikuru Mari chirongwa ichi vanofungidzirwa pakati 20 uye 48 bhiriyoni emadhora.

Supporters

Kuvaka simba renyukireya zvinomera nguva dzose resonates, kwete kunze, uye Tatar NPP. The resumption okuvaka kwakamutsa dutu iri muvanhu. Paiva vose vatsigiri uye vaimupikisa. Kudiwa kuvaka chirimwa akaratidza kufambira kukura Zakamja. Mune rwokushanyira nyika muna Yelabuga muruwa zveupfumi vakaronga kuvaka rimwe namakumi matatu simba-nyanyisa maindasitiri zvirimwa, pane makuru urongwa kukura maindasitiri kugadzirwa mu Naberezhnye Chelny, zvinoda simba dzichiri petrochemical maindasitiri muna Nizhnekamsk, muna Mendeleevsk akaronga kuvaka kwechikuva wechipiri chirimwa "Ammonium". Kusangana zvaidiwa zvinoda kokupata simba.

Vanotsigira simba renyukireya miti vanomhanya simbisa upfumi chezvinonhuwira ramangwana zvakanaka Tatarstan uye kuchengeteka simba renyukireya. Uyezve, simba renyukireya huchagadzirisa dambudziko kwemabasa mu Kama Glades. Nhasi muguta vagari vanenge 15.700, vakawanda vacho anomanikidzwa kutsvaka mabasa kure kunze kweguta. Power mainjiniya vanowanzoshanda majana panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzaiitwa zvokuvaka kana kunyange tama kune dzimwe nharaunda kunotsvaka upenyu nani. Nezvekutanga nhepfenyuro kwete chete kupa mabasa yose vakawanda, asi kunowedzerawo inflow webasa nemauto, uye zvadaro nhamba vagari 600 zviuru vanhu.

Vashori

Against kuvakwa renyukireya simba miti ndivo vanoona, masayendisiti uye vagari zvavo. The nharo ndiye zvizivikanwe nemichina njodzi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera leakage uye kusvibiswa eumambo nharaunda, kurasikirwa upenyu dzine vakawanda nzvimbo. Migumisiro njodzi inogona kurondedzerwa, asi hazvibviri exchange ose Nokurasikirwa, kunyanya mu kwenguva. The paChernobyl njodzi, uye nhasi kupa kushamisika Zvinogumbura, pasinei yevimbiso pamutemo nezviremera wokuUkraine kuti akachena zvakazara mapazi.

Zvimwe zvikonzero kuti moratorium pakuvaka rinonzi kuvapo vanoverengeka simba manyuko pedyo kumatunhu vane maindasitiri zvivako. Zvikurukuru, womuratidza Nizhnekamsk HPP, haishandi zvizere chinzvimbo. Kuzadza Hydroelectric dhamu kusvikira pachiyero 68 meters (Pari 63 m.), Achawedzera vachikwanisa 1248 MW chirongwa. (Pari 450 MW.).

Uyewo, vamwe vavengi vanoti kuvandudzwa simba rusununguko zviri nharaunda havagoni tanga Tatar NPP, uye kuti ndiponesezve yemapurisa mutaundi reDimitrovgrad. Chii Tatar NPP nhasi - ndiko kuparadzwa zvachose zvivakwa, chete chiduku chikamu, iyo anochengeterwa kuvimbika uye nokuti unogona kuparadza chesamende kuraswa chete rinotungamirirwa mabhomba kuputika. In reDimitrovgrad, kusvikira ichangopfuura, vakavhura reactors 8, chinangwa chavo chaiva pakutsvakurudza uye zvechiuto.

Zvino pane mbiri chete, yose kwezvivako rinogadzirirwa zvakazara, inokosha akavhiyiwa uye mari yakawanda kutendeuka haina kuzvireva. It akadana zvishoma kugadzirisa dambudziko ichipa simba panguva iyoyowo achipomera "Rosatom" iri lobbying kuti zvivanakire pakukuvadza ari emunharaunda.

Voice of vanhu

Ruzhinji VOKUPARIDZIRA anoona nemaune ngozi dhipuroya zvenyukireya reactors chaipo munharaunda, rakatanga misangano pamusoro nokumutswa chechitima. Construction Tatar NPP kakawanda vachinzwisisa okusafarira.

The nyika misangano panguva soro yakati sandara, kushanda yevagari pamusoro kujekeswa kuchengeteka zvigadzirwa zvemazuva zvenyukireya, izvo vakaronga kushandisa Tatar NPP chirongwa. Mamadysh, Naberezhnye Chelny nemamwe mikuru maguta Tatarstan vazhinji vemo asingadi kuratidza rutsigiro basa. Muchiitiko chino, vose vanoda kurarama munzvimbo ine upenyu hwepamusoro. Nepo insoluble gangaidzo.