Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa

Kushandisa michina inoshandiswa uye kwesayenzi pezvakaitwa chinhu nzira umo pesimba utariri uye mashandiro anoitwa munhu achidzorera zviridzwa uye namano. Izvi rinowedzerawo zvikuru kunyatsoshanda pamusoro basa uye chigadzirwa unhu. Uyezve, inochengetedza zvinoderedza nhamba yevashandi vanobatanidzwa iri maindasitiri akasiyana munzvimbo. Ngatimboongororai zvimwe chii chinoumba kushandisa michina uye kushandisa michina ine mukugadzira kwendangariro.

nhoroondo mashoko

Vakazvimiririra kushanda mano - prototypes hwemazuva otomatiki ezvinhu - akatanga kuonekwa kunyange munguva dzekare. Zvisinei, kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18 rakanga kwakapararira artisanal uye artisanal mabasa. Panyaya iyi, mumwe "kuzvidzora nokuita" mudziyo kwakadaro asina kuwanikwa kushanda. Mukupera rechi18 - mangwanani 19th emakore. paiva nomusiyano kusvetuka mavhoriyamu uye kugadzirwa mumatunhu. The kwemaindasitiri akasika zvinhu nokuda kuvandudzika nzira uye zvokurimisa, Hardware maturusi nokuti yokutsiva munhu.

Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa

Kuchinja kuti akauya ari Industrial Revolution, nehanya zvikurukuru huni uye simbi kubudiswa, kugadzira, vakaruka mafekitari. Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina ine kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa vave zvikuru kudzidza ne Marx. Akaona vave vangasimudzira itsva achitungamirirwa mberi. Akataura kuti kuchinja kubva munhu michina kuti michina zvakaoma yavo. Marx akati kuti murume anofanira wakaiswa vanoziva kuzvidzora zvakanaka uye mabasa. Mushandi inomira pedyo kugadzira muitiro uye anodzora nayo. Huru kubudirira kuti nguva akava kuvamba Russian musayendisiti Polzunova uye Chirungu innovator Watt. Wokutanga pave ane otomatiki regulator nokuda simba bhaira, uye wechipiri - a Centrifugal controller hwemvura injini aimhanya. Zvikuru nguva refu pfungwa basa akaramba dzepamusha. Asati pakatanga kushandisa michina kutsiviwa remaoko kuitwa kuburikidza Mechanisation kuti ebetsero uye chikuru kwendangariro.

The mamiriro ezvinhu nhasi

Panguva ino padariro kukura vanhu kugadzirwa kwacho kushandisa michina mamiriro kwakavakirwa kushandisa makombiyuta uye usashandisa siyana. Vanobatsira kuderedza mwero vanhu muzvinhu kana zvachose kuhupedza. The zvebasa kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa anosanganisira kuvandudza mashandiro, achidzikisa nguva kuti vanoda, nokuderedza mari, kuwedzera kururama uye kutsiga chiito.

zvinhu zvinotaurwa

Nhasi kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa kunge chinozoiswa munzvimbo zhinji indasitiri. Pasinei kukura uye bhuku basa makambani, rinenge nomumwe wavo anoshandisa Software namano. Kune siyana kwevari kushandisa michina. Zvisinei, nokuti vose dzinowanzotaurwa dzemitemo. Vanopa zvivako kuti chinobudirira kuita remapazi uye kuronga zvakafanana utariri mitemo. The misimboti, maererano izvo zvoga kuti kugadzira pezvakaitwa dzinosanganisira:

1. Kusachinja-chinja. zviito zvose kuumbwa hwokushanda inofanira pamwe mumwe, kuenda mune imwe kutevedzana. Kana mismatch pangangova kutyora kwacho nokukurumidza.
2. Kusangana. Automatable mashandiro anofanira huchikanganiswa zvinonyatsorehwa vachida kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva imwe pavaipfuura kusangana rinoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, asi musimboti nheyo iyi haachinji. Kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa mu mabhizimisi vanofanira kupa kudyidzana kushanda pamwe kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.
3. waivako rusununguko. Automatable mashandiro yaifanira tisingatungamirirwi. Kupindura munhu mairi haisi inopiwa, kana zvinofanira usingashandi (chete masimba). The mushandi haafaniri kupindira oparesheni kana voitakura kunze maererano zvinodiwa.

Misimboti aya akarongwa maererano nenhanho kushandisa michina ane kwacho. For akavhiyiwa Inosimbisa mamwe Misimboti chamazuva, proportionality, specialization uye zvichingodaro.

kwevari kushandisa michina

Dzinowanzotanga Classified maererano hunhu nekambani utariri. It, akavapindurawo, unogona kuva:

1. Strategic.
2. Tactical.
3. Operational.

Saizvozvowo, pane:

1. Rezasi pamwero kushandisa michina (kuita). Pano utariri zvaimunetsa nguva dzose pakati kwema. Kushandisa michina ine mukugadzira kwacho waivako nezvatinovavarira operative kushanda, kwerunyararo yakatarwa parameters, tiine preset uchishandisa modes.
2. The tactical chechetere. Pane inopiwa kuparadzirwa mashandiro pakati remapazi. In Mienzaniso inosanganisira kugadzirwa mukuronga nokuchengetedza, gwaro, kana zvekuvaka zvakanaka uye zvichingodaro.
3. Strategic chechetere. It akaita basa wekambani. Kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa nzira dzinokosha sarudzo inopa mibvunzo chokufenbera uye Analytical. Zvakakosha kuramba basa chemhando administrative chechetere. Izvi Hazvizivikanwi kushandisa michina inopa inokosha, zvemari uye zvoupfumi utariri.

kupatsanura

Kushandisa michina inopiwa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana hurongwa (OLAP, CRM, ERP nezvakadaro.). Vose vari rakakamurwa mhando huru nhatu:

1. Kuchinjika. In izvi Hurongwa, kutevedzana yakaiswa maererano Hardware configuration kana muitiro mamiriro. Hahugoni kushandurwa panguva oparesheni.
2. Programmable. Vanogona kuchinja kutevedzana zvichienderana muitiro configuration uye chirongwa kupiwa. Kusarudza kwezviitiko yezviito kuitwa rinokosha vanochengeta maturusi. Vari verenga nokududzirwawo ne hurongwa.
3. Chivhariso uye Play (kusanduka). Kwakadaro hurongwa anogona kusarudza aida kushanda musi nhunzi. configuration shanduko akavhiyiwa kutora nzvimbo maererano mashoko pamusoro ano oparesheni.

mhando dzose izvi zvinogona kushandiswa zvese yoga kana somunhu pasuru.

Mhando remapazi

In ose kwemauto zvoupfumi kune masangano kuti pave zvinhu kana kupa mabasa. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva zvitatu mhando maererano "remoteness" mari iri kugadzira cheni:

1. Mining kana kubudisa - makambani zvokurimwa, mafuta uye gasi, somuenzaniso.
2. Processing dzinongoitika mbishi zvinhu sangano. In kugadzirwa mishonga vari kushandisa zvinhu mined kana makambani muchikwata yokutanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, kusanganisira zvebhizimisi zvemagetsi, motokari indasitiri, simba zvinomera uye zvichingodaro.
3. Makambani Service. Pakati pavo - pemahombekombe, zvokurapa, masangano dzidzo, Eenhede makambani nezvakadaro.

Nerimwe boka, unogona kusarudza akavhiyiwa chokuita urongwa mabasa kana kugadzirwa goho. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzinotsanagura:

1. Management. azvaiitwa dzinoita kutaurirana mukati nekambani uye zvinobatsira kuti paumbwe nekambani ukama wekuongorora turnover. The yokupedzisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira supervisory zviremera, bhizimisi, vatengi. Muboka dzemabhizimisi muitiro rinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, yokutengesa uye Sales, kudyidzana pamwe vatengi, zvemari, vashandi, mari kuronga uye zvichingodaro.
2. Analysis uye kuzvidzora. chikamu ichi chokuita muunganidzwa uye muunganidzwa ruzivo pamusoro Implementation remapazi. Zvikurukuru, pezvakaitwa dzakadaro dzinosanganisira operative utariri, unhu kuzvidzora, uwandu kupima nezvakadaro.
3. Magadzirirwo uye kubudirira. akavhiyiwa aya chokuita muunganidzwa uye kugadzirira mbishi data, chirongwa Implementation, richiona uye kuongorora nemigumisiro.
4. Production. boka iri zvinosanganisira akavhiyiwa chokuita nokukurumidza kusunungurwa chigadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira, Inter Alia, zvinodiwa kuronga uye kukwanisa zvakanaka, logistics uye basa.

Vazhinji azvaiitwa zvino zvoga.

nzira

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa ndiyo yakaoma uye nguva unoparadza. Kubudirira pazvinangwa izvi vanofanira kutungamirirwa imwe nzira. It anovandudza chatingatevedzera akavhiyiwa uye mari pamusoro mabasa unodikanwa zvabuda. Zvikuru kukosha nhasi iri nomazvo kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa mune zvokuimba mapurani. The Strategic Plan rinogona muchidimbu sezvinotevera:

1. Kunzwisisa oparesheni. Kuti kushandisa michina inoshandiswa pezvakaitwa mune zvokuimba ouinjiniya kana mumwe mumwe kwemauto zvoupfumi chakaunza zvinozoita, zvakakodzera kwazvo kuongorora zvose nzendo. Kunyanya, ona mazano uye goho mashandiro, kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito, murwiyo mari, interconnection Links nezvakadaro.
2. anoitwa izvi. Pashure ongororo kwakakwana zvakakosha optimize nokushanda. Zviito zvisingakoshi kuti haashandi kana vasina kuchikosha kukosha, anofanira kuderedzwa. Vamwe akavhiyiwa anogona kubatanidzwa kana akaita mu zvakafanana. Unogona kuvandudza chiito nokupa neimwe nzira yokuuraya nayo.
3. Automating izvi. Zvinogona kuitwa chete kana oparesheni achava zvikuru kudzikiswa. The nyore ezvinhu achava, shoma basa-ndichibvunza kushandisa michina anova, uye, naizvozvovo, wakakwidzwa kuchava kunyatsoshanda acho.

zvakwakanakira

Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina ine pezvakaitwa siyana anogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza zvinhu uye kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Zvimwewo zvakwakanakira vanogona kutaurwa:

1. Rikurumidze yokudzokorora. kushandiswa. Akaroromesawo mwero chikamu ari munhu uri mumwe chete matanho zvinogona kuitwa nokukurumidza. Zvoga hurongwa zvinopa mukuru zvakarurama uye anokwanisa kushandisa zvisinei ya chaishanda.
2. Kunatsiridza basa. Akaroromesawo pamwero vanhu ipfupi kana Kwakabvisa munhu chinhu. Izvi zvinooneka ichikutadzisa kuti kusiyana remapazi, izvo zvinozoita kunodzivisa zvizhinji zvikanganiso uye anovandudza uye kutsiga kushanda.
3. Kuwedzera rakarurama kuzvidzora. Kushandisa mashoko inokwanisa kuponesa uye kufunga mune ramangwana mukuru yakawanda mashoko pamusoro oparesheni pane Chinyorwa kuzvidzora.
4. Nokukurumidza sarudzo muna pomureza ezvinhu. Izvi kunonatsiridza waivako uye chinonditadzisa mismatch oparesheni zvinotevera nzendo.
5. Parallel kuurayiwa remapazi. Zvoga hurongwa kubvumira kuvhiya akawanda panguva imwe chete pasina zvinopesana zvakarurama uye unhu basa. Izvi zvinoita kuti ukurumidze oparesheni uye anovandudza unhu zvabuda.

kutadza

Pasinei kubatsira pachena kushandisa michina inogona kuva hazvisi noitika nguva dzose. Ndokusaka kwayo Implementation asati kunoda misoro kuongorora uye Optimization. Pashure paizvozvo, pane zvinogona kuti kushandisa michina hauna kunodiwa kana disadvantageous mune zvoupfumi mupfungwa. Manual kuzvidzora uye aurayiwe pezvakaitwa kunogona kuva zvakanaka zvinotevera nyaya:

1. Operations zvokuti kunzwisisa kuti michina navo yemazuva ano kana mari.
2. Product upenyu kutenderera hupfupi chaizvo. Kana chigadzirwa inofanira akakudziridza uye rakatangwa kwenguva pfupi nguva, nguva yawo kugara ari pamusika vachava pasi. Panyaya iyi, kuti kushandisa michina kungava kukodzera. A Chinyorwa mashandiro zvichava nokukurumidza uye zvisinganyanyi kudhura.
3. Available kuroorwa kana nemamwe zvinhu. Nokuti kugadzirwa kwaiita kuisa zvimwe parameters uye zvinodiwa. Panyaya iyi, vanhu chinhu kunogona kuchinja muitiro. Vamwe zvinhu nedzimwe vanogona kusunungurwa chete nokushandiswa remaoko.
4. Sudden kuchinja musika kudiwa. Kuchinja nevatengi basa ane zvazvinoita kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu. The kugadzirisa kugadzirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingava nokukurumidza kana zvigadzirwa anogadzirwa nokushandiswa remaoko.

mhedziso

Mechanisation uye kushandisa michina hadzina zvikuru nokuda kugadzirwa zvekutepfenyura. Munyika yanhasi akavhiyiwa vashoma anoteererwa manually. Zvisinei, kunyange nhasi mune mamwe maindasitiri haagoni kuita pasina basa rakadaro. Kushandisa michina iri abudirire pane mabhizimisi makuru, apo zvigadzirwa anogadzirwa kuti vakawanda mutengi. Somuenzaniso, mune motokari mafekitari shoma nhamba yevanhu muzvirongwa mashandiro. Saka avanotarisira kutarisira mberi kwacho, kwete avepo mairi. mazuvaano kuti indasitiri iye zvikuru kushingaira. Kushandisa michina ine maindasitiri pezvakaitwa uye kugadzirwa zvino aionekwa inonyatsobudirira nzira kuvandudza chigadzirwa unhu uye kuwedzera vhoriyamu vayo kusunungurwa.