Ngoro: marudzi mota. Kupatsanura ngoro Railways nezvitima

Motokari dziri vamapoka rinopfungaira ndiri yakagadzirirwa kutakurwa nevanhu kana nhumbi senga. Panyaya iyi, vari akakamurwa nhumbi uye mutakurwi. Kuwedzera yokudadira, pane mutakurwi motokari akagadzirirwa subways. Mumwe mhando hunomiririrwa achifananidzira akawanda uye mhando ichipa ezvinhu akasiyana chingoro.

Passenger motokari Russian Railways nezvitima

Kutakura vanhu vari mutakurwi motokari. Types motokari pano ndedzinotevera: mukuru (sessile kirasi 1 ne2), zvigaro, coupe, NE (Suite) uye Premium (the VIP), uye anofanirawo anosanganisira yokudyira motokari, mikwende uye tsamba. Uyezve, unogona kusarudza Mapato akawanda kuti anoratidza kuvapo zvimwe zvikomborero. Uye, chokwadi, angava akasiyana kirasi basa.

Ngoro pasina panhoo

Ngatikurukurei akatakura motokari zvakananga vanhu. ngoro mhando kuvimba ezvinhu dzakatangwa imomo. Ndakagara vakapakata Chair akaronga mumitsara ane ndima pakati, zvichiita zvokunyaradza seungano ndege. kuva nesimba chigaro anogona kuiswa munzvimbo Suburban vaiitwa mezhoblasnom - nyoro. In kirasi yokutanga muna zvose zvigaro 10, zvakawanda wakapamhama uye mamwe mabasa anowanikwa pane bhizimisi kana upfumi kirasi, izvo zvinogona zvigaro 43-68.

Common chekufambisa - ichi chechipiri-kirasi, asi vanhu vagere mairi kupinda threes musi mumwe yakaderera pasherefu, musoro hadzisi kushandiswa kana vasiri aripo. Ndakagara mukuru apo wakaomera nzendo refu. Mamwe mutakurwi motokari dzinosanganisira Kuwanikwa mibhedha, saka zviri nani kuti zvinangwa izvozvo.

Ngoro vane bunks

Second-kirasi mutakurwi motokari mberi anenge akavhura mufambi mupanda, pamusoro ruoko imwe rezasi maviri maviri okumusoro zvigaro, asi pachinzvimbo kupfuura zvakawanda uye 2 divi (kumusoro uye pasi zvakare). Pasi dzakaderera pane nzvimbo mukwende. Pane vaviri Kumbofungatira matafura - iri yakavhurika mupanda kurutivi zvigaro.

Kamuri mota dzakaparadzaniswa 9 4-mubhedha mupanda pamwe zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mikova izvo zvinogona akakiyiwa. kamuri rimwe nerimwe rine mbiri okumusoro mibhedha, mikwende mupanda pasi rezasi zvigaro, shangu tafura uye redhiyo. Rinopawo linens uye matauro. Uyezve, unogona akapa mhepo-kutonhodza. car Soft - ndizvo chete mupanda, asi vakasununguka uye yakakodzera.

Sleeping motokari Yakakwirira

NE (kana mutakurwi motokari "Lux") Anonziwo rakakamurwa nezvikamu 9, asi pamwe mibhedha miviri, yemanyorero pasi. Mamwe michina mupanda akafanana dzose, asi inopa mamwe nyaradzo. Iva nechokwadi kuti mhepo kutonhodza.

Ngoro shoma akakamurwa 4-5 mupanda guru ane zvakasiyana marongerwo, yakatorongedzwa kuti hwomutambarakede rwendo. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuva pasofa mubhedha kana miviri pamubhedha. Kazhinji inopa kwete chete nzvimbo yokuchengetera mukwende uye dhesiki asi cheya, bio-chimbudzi, singi, kugeza, mhepo kutonhodza, mbatya, TV, DVD uye WiFi. Mune imwe kamuri rinogonawo kuva Lounge bhaa. Dzimwe nguva shawa imwe yose motokari. Vanoverengeka zvimwe mabasa dziri mutengo: yakarukwa, mapepanhau, nezvikafu zvishoma uye kunwa, uyewo toiletries. Akaverenga mupanda vanhu 1-2, asi yakatengwa chero kana mupanda rose pasina mumwe vakarara.

mitoro motokari

Mitoro nezvitima zvakagadzirirwa nhumbi chokufambisa rails. Sezvo zvifambiswe uri zvakasiyana siyana uye zvinhu, maererano hunhu nhumbi vanosarudzwa uye ngoro. ngoro mhando zvaizobatsira dzinokosha zvivako uye zvinhu zviri rakatangwa muna zvakananga yokutevedzera. mhando dzakasiyana uye mhando akagadzirirwa mumwe mamwe Mapato nhumbi, dzakasiyana muviri yakarongeka, akasiyana nzira vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa, kupa mumwe mwero kuchengetedzwa.

The Mhando chikuru mitoro mota

The motokari vakasiyana, zvose kwokunze uye yayo maitiro uye zvinogonekwa. Pakati zvikuru nevanhu vari zvinotevera mhando ngoro: akafukidzwa, akazaruka ngoro, platforms, matangi, hoppers, insulated uye refrigerated, Vacuum mumidziyo. Vangave yakasiyana fomu racho Linear kukura, vhoriyamu, uriri nzvimbo, uye uremu akatakura inokwana mugaba.

Motokari dzakawanda nyore

Matiroko zvayakaita panofanira kuva furemu pamwe pasi, mukomberedzo masvingo uye padenga. Nokuti vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa mikova anopiwa parutivi masvingo. Vanobvumira here kutakura mitoro kuvadzivirira kubva mvura nezvimwe kwakaomarara Kufurirwa nevamwe. yetiroko Izvi zvinogona kutakura zvose vakawanda nhumbi nezviyo, motokari uye kunyange nemhuka. Kazhinji, vanokwanisa ndiyo 25-72 m.

Gondola mota panofanira kuva furemu pamwe pasi uye masvingo, asi hapana padenga. Kazhinji Vanotakura zvicherwa, simbi, matanda. Yakagadzirwa kutakura hombe nhumbi Gondola anogona auri madhoo paburiro kana pamadziro kuti zviite vachidzikisa. Loading kubva pamusoro. Kudzivirirwa kubva mumhepo kwemvura kazhinji, asi pane nzira imwe bvisika denga. Mana zvifambiswe 22-75 m, uye kupa masere-mutoro 69-130 m.

Chikuva yakagadzirirwa chokufambisa pamusoro mumidziyo, refu zvinhu, Hardware, michina, midziyo, michina, matanda uye hombe zvinhu, izvo havafaniri kuchengetedzwa kubva atmsfernyh kunayisa. Weight rinosvika 70-73 m.

Ngoro pasi dzakananga mitoro

Matangi - dzimwe motokari dzakananga. Types motokari sokunge dzimwe nguva, asi izvi kazhinji vane cylindrical chimiro mumwe kana kupfuura madhoo pamusoro. Ivo vane wakawedzera tightness, sezvo kutakura mvura hombe uye powdery zvinhu uye liquefied magasi. Mukuwedzera, tangi inogona nepokuongorora nokupisa insulating unhani kana kunyange zvokushandisa kudziyisa mutoro, uye anokosha namano vari iiswe kudzora. Mana vane vanokwanisa matani 60-65 uye akatakura masere kusvika 120-125 m.

Hoppers - cars chaiyo chimiro, upamhi hwazvo kumusoro uye zvishoma tapered pasi, akaronga kuti hombe zvinhu zvakadai zviyo, fetiraiza, simende, mhangura, marasha, etc. Bottom vari inopiwa nehwangwadza uye chimiro zvinoita kuti kuzvidzora buditsa. Inogona rakazaruka kana yakavharwa, pamwe madhoo nokuti vachizvitakudza padenga. Mitoro matani 70.

Ngoro nechokwadi chinokosha tembiricha mamiriro

Isothermal aishandiswa kutakura inopiwa ne kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye pahwaro polyurethane kana polystyrene, kutonhora maitiro uye akamanikidza mhepo kutenderera hurongwa. Vanobvumira here kutakura rinoparara zvigadzirwa, sezvo ivo vakaramba tembiricha zvaida.

Thermoses akatakura zvinoora zvokudya zvinogadzirwa munyika Mabhokisi uye midziyo, uyewo vamwe rinoparara zvinhu, apo tiine nguva refu mumwe tembiricha hurumende akasikwa ari startup.

Sefiriji zvinopa kutakurwa zvinoora zvinhu anogona kuchengetwa kwenguva refu nguva chete panguva yakaderera tembiricha. Havaiti chete kuchengeta tembiricha sezvo thermos hombodo, uye dzaserera kana nenharo nzvimbo mukati motokari kune achida tembiricha. Rakagadzirirwa matani 25-40.

A-siyana yemashoko mitoro mota

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kune zvakawanda pakusarudza siyana mienzaniso kuti anopa mhando dzose mota. Matangi Somuenzaniso, marudzi vakawanda zvakasiyana pakuvaka uye yokuwedzera zvinhu. Kune ngoro kuti mukaka, peturu, doro, mafuta zvigadzirwa, makemikari, Nezvakakuyiwa, liquefied magasi, acids, etc. mutoro neimwe inoda zvaidiwa zvinoverengeka ezvinhu chokuita chitarisiko mudziyo uye tangi. Ndozvazvakaitawo kuti mamwe marudzi mota.

Mhando pevhu mota

motokari yavo inoshandiswa pachivande. Kune vashoma rudzi kuti dziri kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, guta guru nzira dziri mhando pevhu mota zvakadai, sezvo dzinotevedzana "E" pamwe okunatsiridza, mujenya 81-717 / 714, "Jauza" (81-720 / 721) "Rusich" (81-740 / 741) uye dzakatevedzana 81-760 / 761. Zvichida, kumwe vaishandisa shanduro adarika.

"E" akatevedzana yakabudiswa sixties, asi rinoshandiswa, kusanganisira kugadziriswa saka kure. Mumotokari, zvigaro 42, apo inogona kusvika 270 vanhu. Series 81-717 / 714 inowanika kubvira 1977, rinopa zvigaro 40-44 uye rakagadzirirwa vanhu 308-330. "Yauza" mamwe ano: kugadzirwa kubva 1991, ichipa sezvo zvigaro 40-44, uye vose zvavo sandwiching vanhu 330-350. Sezvo 2002 akasika "Rusich", atova kupa zvigaro 54-60 kana 344-370 mibhedha. It huchibva chikuru ndiwedzere motokari muna 2007-2008., Zvokuti pakanga muenzaniso 81-717.6K / 714.6K, vasununguka nokuti mutyairi, akashongedzerwa ane rikurumidze kufefetedza hurongwa, idzo kushandiswa yakanakisisa zvinhu uye michina.