The rusarura pakati porcelain mafekitari of USSR: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye mhando

porcelain Soviet vane yepamusoro uye wakanaka kushongedzwa. Mazuva ano, vakawanda vavo vari Vakaronda ne vateresi uye unyanzvi nevatsoropodzi. On nyika yaimbova Soviet Union vakavhura dzakawanda inoverengeka mafekitari kuti kugadzirwa porcelain neyevhu. Kusarudza pakati zvirimwa chakaitwa ichi kana kuti nyaya, kuchabatsira muchiso.

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kuti inoratidza porcelain mafekitari of USSR. Sei vanotarisa uye zvavari kutotaura? Uye inoratidza izvi zvakachinja mumakore?

Kunongedza dzayo dzakasiyana

Izwi iri rinonyanya kunge rakabva German shoko Kleim, iro anoshandura mu Russian se "guruu". Rusaruro - ndiwo kwakajeka kuti rinoshandisirwa chigadzirwa kana chigadzirwa kuziva mugadziri.

Brand, uye yakakura, ari "chigadzirwa", nokugadzirwa romuranda yaitonga. Makarekare kwakanga netsika kouranda varanda chero kutadza kana mhosva (somuenzaniso, kupukunyuka kuedza).

Zviratidzo anechekuita pemvura iri huru nenzira nhatu:

1. Shock (yemanyorero ari edare zvigadzirwa).
2. Kutsva.
3. Kushandisa madhayi.

Rusaruro kwete chete anoita mashandiro kuziva nhumbi. Kazhinji rudzi unhu chiratidzo chimwe chigadzirwa. Zviya, pamwe ichi inoti inobatanidzwa iri tsumo: "Hongu une nzvimbo kuisa munembo!". Saka vanoti pamusoro vanhu vane zvakawanda urema kana kwokusakwana.

Porcelain indasitiri aro kukura muRussia

Porcelain - zviri zvikuru yakasimba, husingakwanisi chafariz uye nemakemikari nemishonga zvokunyama, zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa tableware, unyanzvi zvinhu nevamwe zvigadzirwa. Nokuti yayo firimu, sezvo mutemo, shandisa zvina chicherwa zvekuvaka: ndiko kaolin, Goldstone, feldspar, bhora ivhu.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti porcelain "akazogadzira" Chinese vari VII remakore achiri. Uye vari kwazvo refu akavanzwa yokuwana nayo kwayo kugadzirwa. Chete muna 1708 ari vokuEurope akakwanisa porcelain. Pashure mashomanana emakore yayo kugadzirwa michina rava kuwanika Russian.

fekitari portselyanovaya yokutanga reRussia yakavhurwa muSt Petersburg muna 1744. The rusarura pakati porcelain fekitari yaitonga Soviet Union yakanga pfupi uye nyore kucherechedzwa. Chaiva tsamba nhatu zvakanyatsobatana mawana: "LPF" (Leningrad porcelain Factory). chirimwa ichi inoshanda nhasi. Zvisinei, zvino norudado kunzi Imperial, uyewo pre-echimurenga nguva.

Zviratidzo USSR uye Russian porcelain mafekitari: mhando uye unhu

MuSoviet Union porcelain indasitiri yambokurukurwa zvikuru. Products kubva porcelain (ndiro, zvivezwa, vases nezvimwe musha midziyo) vakasikwa dzakasiyana-siyana munyika. The soro wevasungwa zvinomera kuchengetwa wokuUkraine SSR, uyewo mune European chikamu Russian SFSR.

Maererano yekare Directories Soviet, 178 porcelain mafekitari yaivapo USSR. Rusaruro mumwe wavo! It ichifananidzwa tsamba kana nyore hwakajeka mazano, kunyanya mhuka. Somuenzaniso, musi inoratidza Gorodnitski porcelain Factory anofananidzwa achimhanya nondo, Polonsky - jena nejichidza, Sinelnikovskuyu - kumedza kutizirako. Zvichida zvinofadza zvikuru chidhindo yaiva Zugdidi chirimwa - bhiza pamusoro nyika.

Zviratidzo porcelain zvinomera zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: underglaze (anoitwa pasi "mbishi" chigadzirwa) uye overglaze (vyponyayutsya pashure tikashandisa decoration glazes chibharuma). Pane nzira nhatu dzinonyanya rusarura zvigadzirwa:

• extrusion kuti kunyorova uremu;
• rupawo chidhindo;
• richiswedera chiratidzo pamusoro rakapera chigadzirwa.

Chii angaziva rusarura porcelain mafekitari

Rusaruro - zviri, kupfuura zvose, chiratidzo yepamusoro uye nderechokwadi chigadzirwa, izvo wakasiyiwa mugadziri. Kakawanda unogona kuwanika pasi porcelain vazviziva - nemikombe, plates, vases uye zvivezwa.

Zviratidzo Soviet porcelain mafekitari anogona kuudza zvakawanda pamusoro imwe chinhu. Ndokusaka izvi vateresi kukosha kudzidza "verenga". On inoratidza kazhinji chine ruzivo kwete chete pamusoro mugadziri, asiwo chigadzirwa kusunungurwa musi, somunhu porcelain rokupenda munhu aisiya uye zvichingodaro. D.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti fekitari chete aigona kuva "zvombo" pamusoro Labels akadaro, nokuti kwemakore rusarura pakati porcelain mafekitari kakawanda achinja. Dzimwe nguva kupfuura kukudzwa. Izvi zvose unoitisa yakawanda matambudziko chizvarwa kuitwa vateresi vari kuziviswa kwacho vamwe zvigadzirwa.

On inoratidza porcelain anogona kazhinji kuona anotevera mavanga: "1-C", "C-2", "3-C". Ko zvinorevei? Ndivo zviratidzo, izvo zvinogona kuona mugiredhi porcelain:

• giredhi rokutanga (1-C);
• Kirasi II (C-2);
• giredhi rechitatu (3-C).

Grade porcelain, uye dzimwe nguva pfungwa kushandisa chiratidzo mavara: tsvuku - chemhando yepamusoro zvakasiyana siyana; zvitema - Kirasi I, Green - nokuti yechipiri uye vatema (kana shava) - nokuti wechitatu.

Next, isu hunonyatsodonongodza yakakurumbira porcelain mafekitari Soviet Union, kubhadhara pfungwa zvigadzirwa zvavo uye muchiso.

Leningrad porcelain Factory

Ndicho mukuru uye rimwe remasangano muRussia kugadzirwa porcelain Enterprises. Rayakavambwa shure muna 1744. Zvino chirimwa anonzi - Imperial (rakapfupikiswa - IPE).

IPE porcelain iri kuratidza pane dzinoverengeka inonyatsozivikanwa mamiziyamu munyika (zvikurukuru, muLondon, New York, uyewo muna Hermitage). Nhasi, muti unobereka zvakawanda siyana zvigadzirwa. tii ichi rinovira, makapu uye saucers, zvivezwa, uye siyana nechomukati zvinhu. dzakakurumbira chaizvo dzinotevedzana dzinoti "Moscow uye St. Petersburg mu China", unoratidza huru zvinokwezva maviri misoro munyika mikombe, nemahwendefa uye chirangaridzo mabhero.

The rusarura pakati porcelain fekitari muSoviet yaitonga aiva zvipfupi chimiro: zvakanyatsobatana tsamba nhatu "LPF". Nhasi, Prints vose zvebhizimisi ndokunanga gondo emblazoned pamwe musi chirimwa nhandare uye Imperial porcelain akanyorwa.

Dmitrov porcelain Factory

Kambani iyi, yakavambwa muna 1766, iri mumusha Verbilki (Taldom dunhu, Moscow nharaunda). Nhasi anonzi "porcelain Verbilok".

Munguva Soviet, Dmitrov chirimwa akanga rinotarisa nyaya vakawanda kugadzirwa kbps. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune ichi fekitari nguva porcelain yakabereka anoverengeka repamusoro dzomunyika mibayiro (akadai menduru yegoridhe iri World Exhibition muParis muna 1937). Nhasi "porcelain Verbilok" - mumwe wevatatu aripo porcelain emakambani muRussia.

The rusarura pakati porcelain fekitari Verbilki haana zvisingaiti kudzidza. It chinofananidzira Stony musoro pamwe tsamba "B" iri rezasi zvakanaka wekona.

Dulevo porcelain fekitari

The pakukura okuti okuwana, boka whiteware indasitiri muRussia ano iri muguta Likino-Dulyovo (uye Moscow nharaunda). Dulevo chirimwa rakavambwa muna 1832. Vachitungamirirwa unyanzvi entrepreneur M. S. Kuznetsova fekitari awana mukurumbira uye mukurumbira pasi rose.

Products zvirimwa izvi nyore kuzivikanwa imwe hwokudhirowa mifananidzo. Zvakajeka kunogona kurondwa vavariro Russian ngano ane predominance pamusoro Orange uye tsvuku mavara. zvichida Tea Set "Golden Deer", ndiwo mabasa rinonyatsooneka hwomuti.

Zviratidzo Dulevo porcelain fekitari munhoroondo yose ivepo achinja ka30! Kubvira 1962, ari zvizivikanwe zita zvebhizimisi ndiwo mufananidzo graphical ane norukodzi. Uyezve, shiri anogona "tarira" zvose kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama mumativi.

Gorodnitsky porcelain Factory

Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru Ukrainian emakambani whiteware indasitiri. Chirimwa yakavakwa muna 1799 uye aibva mumhuri dzoumambo Czartoryski. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kambani yakazopera akavharwa 2012. Raiva mumusha Gorodnitsa Zhytomyr nharaunda.

Munguva Soviet, chirimwa yakabereka tableware, tii rinovira uye porcelain Zvidhori. On the chitambi vachiratidzwa chigadzirwa kana nejichidza kana tsamba nhatu: GFZ (pasi zita chirimwa).

Polonsky porcelain Factory

In yechipiri yezana XIX remakore porcelain indasitiri anotanga zvakanaka muna Podolia (munharaunda Western Ukraine) Ichibatsirwa dzomunzvimbo zvekuvaka nechigadziko - vapfumi deposits pakati kaolin nevhu uye Goldstone jecha. Muna 1889, munyika yekare muguta zvizere (zvino Khmelnitsky nharaunda) rakavakwa mupudzi, iyo kwaifanira kuva mumwe vaburitsi pakukura porcelain muna USSR.

Kunyanya nomukurumbira Polonsky fekitari Outlet vakawanda statuettes. Famous decanter pamwe magirazi muchimiro hove, zvichida, rakanga dzimwe mhuri dzose Soviet. On zvinogadzirwa Polonsky kuti porcelain fekitari Kakawanda unogona kuona chidhindo ari muchimiro nejichidza. Zvinosuruvarisa, muna 2008 wokuUkraine porcelain indasitiri hofori havasisipo.