Granada, Alhambra - mapurani uye paka yakaoma: tsanangudzo. zvinokwezva Spain

Travel - mumwe mukuru zvinofadza muupenyu. Kuona nyika, vanoti, vanofanira kushanyira 25 zvikuru nzvimbo. Dzinoyevedza Tours muSpain ndezvimwe zvezvisarudzo yakakurumbira nzvimbo dzokugara. Sei? Nekuti pane zvizhinji zvinoshamisa runako uye nhoroondo ukoshi nzvimbo. A chiwanikwa chaiye ndivo nhare yeSpeini. Cordoba, Thiruvananthapuram, Capdepera, Tabernas - mazita aya rokumutsa uye kukwezva vashanyi. Asi pakutanga ndiye Granada, the Alhambra. Hazvina pasina anonzi "wechisere chishamiso chenyika" - iye akazunza runako rwayo, pakafunuka nengano creators.

chechinyorwa chenhoroondo

Granada nharaunda yaigarwa BC. Pashure pokuwa hweRoma hwose munharaunda yayo rinotanga ane ichikosha kuti kuderera. Guta Granada zvinofamba kubva kukunda mumwe, kurasikirwa kukuru dzavo uye runako. Muzana VIII remakore, zvinoita sokuti Emirate pamusoro Cordoba, Granada uye-panzvimbo rakaramba chete nhare, iro rinoshandiswa sezvo nhare. Pakutanga pokuwa emirate muna 1013 akakunda munharaunda yacho mumiririri Algerian Berbers, uyo panzvimbo muguta yanhasi pave nzvimbo yayo Midanat Garnati ( "Mapilgrim pechikomo" muchiArabic). Ziri vachivakazve enhoroondo nepakati, asi guta change maoko zvakare - muna 1090 kuti simba imba yacho Almoravids. Pashure Ndima yayo kuderera akabatwa Almohad imba. Saka, vakawanda emakore munyika ino hunodzorwa tsika Muslim. At pakutanga XIII remakore imba youmambo kuenda kuburikidza kukundikana vakawanda muchiuto, zvinoita kuti chokwadi kuti muna 1238 nharaunda rinoburitsa Muhammad Ibn Nasr pakutanga, izvo anosika Emirate of Granada uye misoro Nasrid hwedzinza. Kubvira, chaicho pavapenyu, kuvakwa uye kuronga guta uye zvinogona kuoneka nhasi Granada.

Muna 1492, vanhu emirate akawira varwi neSpanish Queen Isabella kutanga, imwe peji itsva Granada inotanga kubva pfungwa iyi. Asi Nguva Nasrid nokusingaperi akabatwa yakaisvonaka Castle-Nhare Alhambra.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Granada iri kumaodzanyemba Spain, chikamu administrative reruwa Andalusia. Chero Tours Spain, iva nechokwadi kuti kubata kushanyira nharaunda iyi sezvo mumwe kupfuura dzinonakidza uye kujairika. The guta riri mujinga Sierra Nevada Mountains, izvo zvinopa munyoro, wakakodzera okunze upenyu. The inopisa uye ivhu rakaorera akaita nharaunda iyi anoyevedza nechisimba. Guta riri pazvikomo matatu, izvo akasika mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda kwokudzivirira, kwete pasina chiri pano kuti kune wokutanga nhare VIII remakore Muslim. City mvura anodyisa rwizi Darro uye napedyo kweGungwa reMediterranean inopa mikana zvikuru hwekutengeserana. yakanaka nzvimbo kwakadaro kwakaita kuti hondo refu munzvimbo, vose vanoda kurarama muparadhiso ichi.

hwedzinza Nasrid

Akauya simba muna 1238, ari Nasrid youmambo mumunhu Muhammad, ndakava chitsuwa kubudirira ounyanzvi uye tsika. Muhammad akatora nharaunda yose Granada uye, tichiziva kuti iye vasingagoni kuiita pasi kumanikidzwa kubva kurwisa echiKristu, akaita chibvumirano ne Ferdinand III. Izvi zvakamubatsira kwete chete kuchengeta nyika yavo, asi kunyange anomunzwira pakunogumira. Zvizvarwa Muhammad akatonga muguta kusvikira 1492. Anodarika makore 250 of Granada yaiva musimboti dzidzo uye unyanzvi. Nasrid siyana mukuru pamwero dzidzo uye chido nesayenzi uye nounyanzvi. Vakanga vakokwa guru masayendisiti, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vaimbi uye vadetembi dzose pamusoro Europe. Alhambra Palace akava shongwe ine youmambo ino, akazviratidza zvakanakisisa Moorish unyanzvi uye tsika.

kuvaka History

emakore akaona Granada. Alhambra pamuzinda vakatanga kuvaka XIII remakore. Muhammad I, akaita akatamisira yaaigara kuna Alhambra, pakutanga akatanga kusimbisa Palace. Watch Tower yakavakwa, ine masvingo vekare. Zvino Tower kunamata. Nechokwadi akachengeteka, ishe vakava kuita chimwe chinhu. Pakuvamba ake vakaramba amutsive. Apo Yusuf I uye Mohammed Rechishanu rinowanika mukuru nhamba zvivako. Anovandudza uye anowedzera Alkabasa dzoushe dzinovakwa, akasimbisa masvingo, pane yakakurumbira chivanze shumba, Comares Tower, pagedhi resimbi. Muna 1492, Alhambra vakakunda mauto vechiKaturike uye akava youmambo dzokugara. Pano dzinovakwa yamambo Carlos V, chechi Santa Maria.

Gare gare upfumi kutsauka Alhambra. The Bourbons haana kuzvinzwa mhindu uye kunyange rakavhuvhuta chikamu zvakaoma. Vanoti kuti vaida kuparadza yose yamambo, asi sezvinei, havana. Muna 1821 zvinhu kukuvara kwakakonzerwa nokudengenyeka Alhambra. In rechitatu XIX remakore rechipiri, Yakaumbwa muhutongi romantics, pano aishanda Byron, Goethe, Chateaubriand. Zvadaro anotanga kudzorerwa yamambo uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuumbwa mafungiro kuti Alhambra sezvo shongwe nhoroondo, tsika uye mapurani.

Mapurani kunzwisisa

Zviri kujairika nokuda European mavakirwo guta Granada. Alhambra yakavakwa maererano netsika Muslim. Nhasi, mueni kuti nguva yokutanga kunzwisisa pfungwa imwe runobva conglomeration zvivako, mapindu uye zvivanze. Asi chokwadi, mumuzinda yave nokungwarira vakafunga kubva urongwa. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe dzikarongwa akapoteredza pachivanze. Napo pagedhi uye mubindu akagadzirirwa atarise zviduku nyaya, nokuti negashiro vaenzi, iyo yakavharwa nzira mukati. Zvino hurumende makamuri yemichato pamwe akanaka makamuri nezvivanze. A ndima refu kaienda muimba yacho, rinonzi La Barca, akashanda se nzvimbo kugamuchira kutaura. Kupfuura dzapedyo uye yakanaka kwazvo chikamu - private nepedyo. Pano akamira hafu ishe nehadzi chikamu. Nhongonya chikamu ichi - chivanze kwoumbozha Lion vake. Paivawo yoga nzvimbo - somunda kuti ibasa ounyanzvi kwechokwadi. In chepakutanga pamuviri nanhasi zvakaoma hakuna akararama. Part zvivako zvakaparadzwa, chikamu - kuvakwa kwezvivako akazotevera. Asi kunyange chimiro ichi mumuzinda chinokushamisa pamwero uye zvoumbozha.

Moresque

Yakavakwa dzokuMabvazuva werudzii Granada. Alhambra rakavakwa kunyanya maArab. Castle ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka Moorish werudzii, iyo akaberekerwa muMuslim, Arab tsika, asi organically akanyatsonzwisisa zvinoitwa Spanish art. Moorish architecture ane akasiyana specificity. Izvi anonyanya nokuda maonero zvivako. MaArab dzinozivikanwa akagara mumarenje, apo upenyu hwomutambarakede zvinogoneka chete oases. Pano oases izvi, uye vakaedza kuita sezvinoita zvose dzaro dzoushe, saka hapana yakadaro rudo pakusikwa mapindu, ichi zvinorehwa inokosha mvura nhare nemapaki. Moorish architecture kwaibva rinopindirana mubatanidzwa manhamba dzakadai mativi uye kuutio, ndiyo hwaro uye kuvakwa uye kushongedzwa. Dzidza zvivako Moors nyore nguva dzose kuti mukuru zvishongo uye kushandiswa calligraphy pamasikiro zvivako. Design chinoratidza manyorero pakati Moors - a chidhongi-zvakaumbwa Maberere, yokufeva ceilings, kazhinji wekuita pakati muchimiro masere rwakavakwa nyeredzi. Planirovochnaja yakavakwa mumagadzirirwo ichi nguva dzose zvaiva zvakavakirwa chivanze, pakavakirwa vakaiswa hurongwa zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Interiors yakasiyana kupenya, uchishandisa shinda, waMosesi, pamakapeti, chitsvuku Textiles. The Alhambra Moorish manyorerwo asvika nhamba kubudirira kwayo, zvakaoma rine zvimwe kwezvokufuka uye rakanatswa chimiro pane rokuvaka yapfuura nguva.

Nasrid Palace

Moorish Style womuenzaniso ndicho chinokosha chikamu zvakaoma - the Nasrid dzoushe. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvitatu zvionera akakura kunzwisisa: Meshuar - chivakwa vateereri uye kumatare, Comares Palace - yebasa yakagara ishe pamusoro yemichato, weshumba Palace - hwevatambi Makamuri mutongi mhuri. Mukuru Chikamu yamambo - Meshuar, zvimwe zvivako yakavakwazve nguva yechiKristu. Zvisinei, huru neeimba, yakashongedzwa usina kukonekita uye mashoko kubva Koran, akaramba chimiro chayo. Kuchinja kubva Meshuara Comares wamambo yakashongedzwa endarama usina kukonekita. Apo Yusuf I Comares Palace rakavakwa akakurumbira Golden kuchimbuzi. Aiva mukuru yakagara muenzi kuburikidza zvinoshamisa Myrtle chivanze, yakashongedzwa miti yakasvibira trellis. Around pachivanze vanosarudzirwa chakanaka openwork mbiru pamwe Maberere. Palace neshongwe Comares refu horo rinobatanidza kukwaziswa pamusoro La Barca, ane masvingo yakashongedzwa nesuko moldings uye usina kukonekita. High shongwe 45 metres rinokwana chikuru hall Ambassadors. yemapuranga siringi Its kwoumbozha unomirira matenga manomwe Korani uye paradhiso rakombwa kuyevedza frieze dziri stalactites. Inonyanya kwoumbozha chikamu yamambo, private dzokugara, kutanga chivanze yakakurumbira Lion wacho. Kubva chivanze, unogona kupinda meruvanze stalactites, ane sirin'i ari yakashongedzwa tradition Arabic nzira - chaiwo pazvirugu. Uyewo, kubva pachivanze, unogona kupinda dzimba reMadzimambo, Justice, hanzvadzi yairoorwa, Biforiev uye Abenserrahov. Mumwe nemumwe wavo muenzaniso Moorish manyorero yaitonga ichatonga zvine mbiri. Pano unogona kuona mifananidzo, usina kukonekita, stucco.

Famous mamita

Misha Muslim dzakanga dzakapoteredza chivanze, inova huru musimboti woupenyu, saka vakaronga kuti kunonyanyisa nyore. Raida patani chaikosha - chitubu, iro rakapa akadzikama uye kuumba chinozorodza kumunetsawo. Kukosha Alhambra vaiona Myrtle kwemba - musimboti evanhu upenyu youshe ane guru dziva iri pakati, yakapoteredzwa pamuganhu emimirite, Lion Yard - moyo private upenyu ishe, nzvimbo iyo itsime ine nhamba 12 shumba pamusoro mukomberedzo pakati pachivanze vari ichiyevedza mbiru aine mifananidzo. Chimwe chivanze kune pachavo chikamu ishe - Alberca ( "dziva"). Iye akapoteredzwa chena machena masvingo vane nembiru uye rectangular mudziva, yakadyarwa greenery, izvo zvinoreva chivakwa. Ose mamita dzinozadzwa mbiru uye arcades kuti pave welcome mumvuri uye kupa noukuru nzvimbo. Luxury apedza Matare zvinoshamisa: nayo usina kukonekita, nemasango kuvesa mbiru, zvishongo uye calligraphic zvinyorwa. Mumuzinda kune Generalife muChivanze Mvura, iyo iri pakati munhu rectangular mudziva, takakombwa masvingo uye arcades.

Shongwe uye magedhi

Alhambra agara aripo, kwete chete kuva yamambo, asi uyewo kuzvidzivirira marongerwo. Naizvozvo, masvingo aro yakashongedzwa siyana shongwe kuti vanoita patrol mabasa. All panhare rakapona zvivako zvinopfuura 15 akadaro. The Armory Tower - mumwe mukuru munhare, yakanga yakavakwa munguva kuvakwa Alkabasy. Her noutsinye mhando achiri anopa pfungwa yesimba uye rakavimbika. Nhapwa Tower XIII remakore semupi mujeri mudzimai wake waaida of ishe. Peak Tower rakavakwa pavanoparidza neminondo pasuwo uye anodzivirira Herenalife nemapindu.

Masuwo mumazuva navaArabhu zvaikosha, havafaniri chete kuva simba, asiwo kuratidza imwe pfungwa, kuita chinhu aesthetic ushande. Mukuru asara Wine vari yakashongedzwa akanaka zvakajeka namaberere uye mifananidzo. Gate Iron yakavakwa muna XIII remakore uye kunotidzivirira yakavimbika iri nhare. Marginal dzairinda pamukova mumapindu of Generalife.

mumapindu of Alhambra

East Alhambra Palace ndiyo inozivikanwa mapindu ayo, hapana isingasviki zvivako. Ndiwo madzishe vakatsvaka kusika kumativi roga mubindu reEdheni, saka hunhu dzoushe dzimwe nguva vainyatsochenjerera kupfuura muzvivako. Water uye zvinomera kuridza inokosha basa iri kuratidza mavakirwo dzoushe. Kugunun'una mvura, kunhuwirira maruva uye rustle mashizha pave murugare uye kuwirirana kwakakwana. Nechekare pasuo romuzinda mapindu mushanyi anopinda chikuru nesuo, ose rekona chakanyatsorongwa aronga, vakafunga kunze pano tsime uye madziva. Uye kwose kwose yakawanda mavara: mumakwenzi, flowerbeds, emaruva - mushanyi ari Kunyudzwa Aura ane pavapenyu uye kumamiriro mudzimu chivakwa. Mumwe yamambo rakapoteredzwa zvokunze mapindu uye ane mukati umo kunze komutemo kupinda kwave shoma. In pezviri yakawira pasi rarest anosima, maruva yakaisvonaka. Kare, kwokunze uye dzimwe mapindu zvishoma kunze masvingo, kazhinji nhasi therebetween akadyara bosquets vakagadziridza kuumbika masvingo.

Dvorets Karla V

Mushure kubatwa nezviremera Alhambra Christian, iri kuvakwa nokuda youshe Charles Rechishanu, uye mukadzi wake Isabella pakati Portugal. Nhasi Tours muSpain hazvo anosanganisira kushanyira jeri iri. Tikafunga kwezvokufuka uye dzakaisvonaka zvivako zviri Moorish manyorerwo yamambo sokunge muviri yokumwe. Zvinonzi kwakaitwa Italian werudzii mannerism, rwawo wakanamira uye chaiwo kukura pachivara neimwe nzvimbo ringadai akanaka, asi pano tarisa panzvimbo. Chivako ane chivanze, nematombo ibwe, rakakomberedzwa maviri storey arcades pamusoro pembiru pamwe Ionic misoro. Nhasi kune miziyamu of Arts Akanaka Museum of Alhambra.

Generalife

Muzana XIII remakore Alhambra Castle aiva mumwe yokugara yakanaka - gore rinonzi Generalife. The yamambo ine chivako chikuru, yechipiri zvivako uye bindu rakanaka. Imba huru yakavakwa panzvimbo nemaune nyore manyorerwo kuti anosiyanisa zvikuru pamwe Nasrid dzoushe. Pano nechemberi zvisikwa. Chivanze chikuru Generalife - chivanze ane kudiridza Canal pamwe iyo miti uye akaita akatevedzana mvura jets. Mumuzinda akaita kwazvo pakuongorora papuratifomu, iyo Granada zvakajeka zvinoonekwa. Muzana XIX remakore mumuzinda mapindu pamwe kutsemura yokumusoro kuyevedza mvura manera uye kudanana Mirador mu chiNazi Gothic maitiro. Lower Gardens - ndiyo kuvakwa XX remakore, hapana kare chakagadziridzwa, asi zvakanaka manicured frenchwoman nemiti uye zvakasiyana-siyana maruva kuti nzvimbo inofadza kwazvo kufamba kuchipisa yezhizha.

Partal

A yoga nzvimbo Alhambra - nayo Partal. Pakutanga mashoko XIV remakore mumuzinda pano Partal kana Pomuonde ( "pabiravira") yakavakwa. Zvisinei, vakawanda zvivako havana akachengetedzwa. Nhasi munharaunda iyi unogona kuona shongwe Dame kana, mune mamwe mazwi, Muchinda Tower. Zvinonzi akavaka kupinda rwokunze uye rine pabiravira mashanu yokufeva napo. Traditional rectangular dziva, pamwe miti iri pakati. Kubva pamusoro peshongwe anopa maonero ari Alhambra yakanaka. Pakupera yacho XIX remakore muzvinabhizimisi German akatenga kumaodzanyemba nharaunda pamusoro private pakuvaka, akapa nyika mambo Spanish, panzvimbo atiwanira kodzero Export kuGermany kwoumbozha sirin'i emisidhari yemishambangwena ine shinda, iyo zvino chakaratidzwa Berlin Museum. Ndima Partalya pedyo mapindu, izvo zvichengetedzwe nheyo dzimba avakuru.

hunoshanda mashoko

Kuti vasvike kune Alhambra, unofanira vatarisire matikiti. chinhu bandwidth riri pasi, saka vaparadzana nokukurumidza. Unogona kutenga nzvimbo muSpain uye Granada Indaneti, asi unoda kudhinda tikiti bhokisi yebazi yamambo. Izvi zvinoda kuti kadhi, apo akanga akabhadhara. Pane vakaparadzana matikiti muminda yose zvivako, kunze Nasrid Palace. Pane azere - kupfuura zvose zvinhu. For Nasrid yamambo pamusoro tikiti kuchaita anoratidza chaiyo munguva kushanya, kushanya runogara maminitsi chete 30, wechipiri haagoni kupinda mukati.