Nuclear reactor - mwoyo kwenyukireya kwevanhu

Yawanikwa Nyuturoni rakanga akatangira maatomu yaitonga vanhu, nekuti maoko ake akanga yefizikisi nezvimedu anokwanisa, nemhaka kushaya muripo, dawo chero, kunyange rinorema musimboti. Nokufamba kwakaita Nyuturoni bombardment kuti uranium exchange cores wakaitwa Italian yefizikisi E. Fermi, radioactive isotopes avapo uye transuranic okunze - neptunium, uye plutonium. Saka, zvakakwanisika kuvaka reactor yenyukireya - yokugadza, vachipfuma simba rayo simba zvose zvakasikwa pamberi pevanhu.

Nuclear reactor - ari mudziyo umo aidzora maitiro fission zvenyukireya, inobva cheni zano. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo sezvinotevera. uranium exchange nuclei okushambadza neutrons, kuora uye kuumba neutrons itsva dzinoverengeka, izvo zvinozoita kukonzera zvinotevera nokupesana cores. In iyi, nhamba neutrons kunowedzera nokukurumidza. Nhamba nhamba neutrons mune chimwe chehupenyu weboka kuti uwandu Nyuturoni kuora zvenyukireya rapfuura kutotanga rinonzi chokuwanziridza chikonzero.

mhinduro kuti zvenyukireya rave aidzora uye inoda reactor yenyukireya, iro rinoshandiswa simba renyukireya zvinomera, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, zvenyukireya-dzinofambiswa dzinopwanya aizi, mune experimental enyukireya zvivako, etc. Dzisingadzorwi renyukireya maitiro vaizongoguma kutungamirira kuwedzera kukuru simba rokuparadza. Izvi mhando neketani kuita rinoshandiswa chete mu enyukireya hombodo inova chinangwa kuora yenyukireya.

A reactor zvenyukireya, sezvamakaropafadzwa kwokusunungura neutrons kutamira nokukurumidza kukuru, kudzora maitiro vakapakata dzakananga zvinhu izvo yokufungisisa vamwe simba zviri zvokutanga inoramba. Kwakadaro zvinhu vane kugona kutonhora uye kuderedza inertia pakati kufamba neutrons, maitiro yenyukireya dzinonzi retarders.

Nheyo nokushanda reactor yenyukireya ndeiyi. The womukati mhango pakati reactor akazadzwa kwakadonhera mvura achiparadzira mukati chaiwo sepombi. Nuclear reactor rwoga kusashanda pamusoro kubviswa kubva chinoumba graphite tsvimbo, ari Inofadza chikamu Nyuturoni simba. With pakutanga nengetani maitiro kunoitika musunungure chaizvo yakawanda kupisa simba riri achiparadzira ari reactor chinoumba rinosvika chinotsva sero. Mvura neshungu kuti tembiricha kuti 320 ° ^C.

Zvino mvura redunhu rokutanga, kutamira mukati zvibereko pakati hwemvura jenareta, kupisa simba kubva chinoumba ari reactor, mvura dunhu rechipiri, pasina kuonana nayo, izvo hakubvisi ingress pakati radioactive nezvimedu kunze reactor horo.

Uyezve muitiro hazvirevi kwakasiyana kuitika pamusoro chero chafariz simba - mvura redunhu wechipiri, iyo kukava pamwando, anopa vachishandisa kutenderera turbines. A turbine Zirume kusashanda emagetsi, izvo chamutsa magetsi.

A reactor yenyukireya haisi yakagadzirwa dzavasinei nadzo dzevanhu. Sezvo zvakasikwa ndiyo mitemo chete wefizikisi, renyukireya fission simba kunodiwa kugara mutete urongwa pezvakasikwa uye upenyu Panyika. reactor Natures yenyukireya inyeredzi. Uye mumwe wavo - zuva iro yayo nesimba pamusoro Fusion akasika ose ezvinhu kuti chidzoke upenyu redu.