Chii heraldry? Heraldry Russia

Heraldry vagara dzetsika uye nhoroondo chinoshamisa yose. Yakabuda somunhu chokufunga chivalry uye kwamachinda, nhasi rakanga iiswe guta uye mamiriro zviratidzo.

Chii heraldry? Chekutanga, icho kare kuranga kuti vanodzidza chiratidzo. Chechipiri, ndicho Chiitiko kubva atora zvifananidzo, yakabuda Ages.

Mabviro majasi zvombo

Kuti tinzwisise zviri heraldry, zvinokosha kuti tizive kana iye akazviratidza. Nyora pamusoro yunifomu yakatanga panguva ichatonga zvine mbiri chivalry muzana XII remakore pakati Wokutanga Second Hondo. Machinda akatanga kuwana nokuda kwavo kuzivikanwa muhondo.

Pakazosvika XIII remakore, vatambi vavo aonekwa mumaguta, zvechitendero mirairo, Bourgeois. chipo chinokosha kupararira kutanga idzva akaita jousting Tournaments.

Heraldry muRussia

Russian heraldry anonzi chikwereti Western tsika European. MuRussia, asingagoni kuonekwa majasi zvombo ari kwakajairika pfungwa shoko, sezvo pakutanga uri ichi yakabuda sechikamu tsika chivalry, riri kure Slavs. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna Europe necheSalvic nemhuri uye madzinza kunyange vasati aiva pachavo vatambi vavo, reDare totems dzechihedheni.

With kuitwa Orthodox Rus hwendarira inowanzoshandiswa sezvo kuzivikanwa chiratidzo gondo kaviri, vakagamuchirwa kubva Byzantine. Uyezve, vanhuwo muchinjikwa yechiKristu yava chiratidzo.

In pakati XVII remakore chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, achida asike mhuri muti machinda Russian, akatsvaka rubatsiro yeAustria Mambo Arms Lawrence Hurelevichu. Kukosha kwaiva "Royal titulyarnik" rakanyorwa muna 1672 yenyika nedzenyu sangano. Iye zvekunyora yakawanda zvakasiyana zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana munyika Russian mugomba chete coherent mufananidzo. Heraldry Russia chikwereti zvikuru mashoko anokosha kubva basa iri.

Under Peter Ndakatanga kuwana nguvo kwezvombo uye anokudzwa dzimba dzavo. "Iye vakakakavadzana yokuRussia Empire", akanyorwa 1797, yaisanganisira anopfuura 3000 Generic vatambi.

Mushure 1917 Revolution, kuRussia heraldry rava webetsero nhoroondo chirango. Mazuva ano, zvinoita anondimutsa vafarire zvavo. Muna 1999 Heraldic Council yakavhurwa pasi President of Russian Federation.

The zvemamiriro nguvo maoko

Zvimiso chinozivisa ane gumi nevaviri zvinhu. Nhoo ichi, vatsigiri, pepa rehurukuro, uye torse t. D.

boka racho ake zvikuru anosarudza kuti Mashoko. Setsika, zvakafanana akanyorwa muchiLatin. Nokudaro, Mashoko ose Lermontov aiva okuti «Sors mea Jesu» ( «The tiswedere Jesu wangu"). Achibatsirwa izvi mitsara inomira kuti hunhu kuti ibasa pacharo ari genus, guta, uye zvichingodaro. D. Uyu mumwe Chiitiko unokubvumira kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii heraldry.

heraldic nhoo

The chikuru chinhu chipi zviratidzo - nhovo. Kuti ane zvimwe akagadzirwa nenhamba. Separate tsananguro kunoda siyana maumbirwo neyenhovo. Vari akakamurwa pamwe dzemadzinza mitsetse.

KuMiddle Ages mufananidzo anotevera chimiro nhovo knight wacho kuzvidzivirira michina. Zvisinei, pamwe kunyangarika Knights sechinhu chinokosha rwisana mufananidzo kugamuchirwa machira kuwedzera hakungagoni chimiro.

The inonyanya chimiro - French (rectangular nhoo ine wakananga chawo). In Russian tsika yacho, sezvo vamwe vazhinji, "French" pfungwa rava rakajairika.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Varangian (mativi), Spanish (namativi mana akaenzana kumativi chawo), Chirungu (inverted netriangle chinhu chakakombama mumusoro) uye German (zvakaumbwa) nhovo.

tincture

The zvinhu izvo nhoo rinoshandisirwa mufananidzo uri akarondedzera ruvara palette chiratidzo ramangwana zvakananga. Hapana nevamwe chiratidzo haagoni kunzwisiswa kunze kwayo ruvara. Kazhinji maviri Matandira akadaro angava mumwe chete mufananidzo, asi panguva imwe chete akasiyana ruvara, akanyatsosiyana anochinja zvinoreva, iyo anotakura murwiyo. Naizvozvo, unogona kupindura chokwadi mubvunzo chii heraldry ndiwo: ziso hwemashiripiti. Coatings uye pendi tsikisa miviri vane zvavo izwi - tincture.

enamel

Asati chaizvoizvo kutora ruvara yokusafa emblemovedeniyu vanofanira kunyora zvinhu izvo mufananidzo rikashandiswa. All vatatu. No tsananguro neimwe hazvigoni kukurukurwa "Heraldry."

Enamel - coatings izvo vanoumba mumwe upfu uye vitreous enamel. Uyezve, kana kusika topsheet revatongi "chitaridzi" rakashandiswa zvitsigiro hwendefa zvemhangura. Enamel vaiva Inonyanya kubata Ages France, apo kuRussia. In nyika yedu nhasi, pane zvikoro zvakawanda vane zita iroro rinoshandisirwa Arts (Vologda, Rostov, uye zvichingodaro. D.). For enamels dzinoratidzwa shanu mavara.

Red (kana tsvuku) ruvara kunoratidza ushingi, ushingi uye kusatya. Kunotangira nokusanganisa zvicherwa cinnabar uye minium. Red zvenzwi - mumwe avo anozvikudza chero National heraldry. Red Mireza vari pakati rakajairika.

Blue (kana denga rebhuruu) ruvara rinoshandiswa kusimbisa kunaka, noukuru softness. Nedhaimani ruvara zvinosanganisira ultramarine uye cobalt simbi.

The Black ruvara inoziviswa nokuzvininipisa, uchenjeri uye kusuruvara. Kuti unhani kuti vatema ruvara aiwanzoshandiswa ambotaurwa kupiswa dzenzou.

Green - chiratidzo zvakawanda, tariro uye mufaro. Sezvineiwo, nokuti nokupa mufananidzo noruvara rwegirini maruva dzinongoitika yemakwenzi inoshandiswa, uye chromium.

Purple ruvara chiratidzo kwete chete simba uye simba, asiwo chiremera. Used zvishoma kazhinji vamwe mana mavara. Purple - musanganiswa dhayi dzvuku uye Carmine vaaleanpunainen ruvara varnish.

Kana yapfuura pendi vanoonekwa dzakafuridzirwa, ipapo kushandiswa nevamwe palettes vashoma. Hakusi Kakawanda unogona kuwana enamel orenji, naka, ropa, mashava, bvudzi uye rwepingi mavara.

simbi kugadzira

zvinhu rechipiri - simbi. Chete vaviri adzo - ndarama nesirivha, izvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vaiona vanokudzwa.

Chokutanga izvi, iro rine vanozvikudza wenyaya "mambo nesimbi", rinomiririra pfuma, simba uye kwamachinda. Mukuwedzera, muna yechiKristu tsika yendarama ruvara - chiratidzo cheruramisiro, kutenda, rudo, uye kuzvininipisa.

Silver rayo yakachenesesa nguva dzose aenda ruoko wakachena, kusava nemhosva, rupo uye kuvimbika. Chero nzira, iyo simbi dzinokosha dziri akasungirirwa zvose zvakanaka mune hunhu hwevanhu.

Gold anoonekwa ane analoginen yellow ruvara, apo yesirivha chokuita chena pendi. Vanowanzoororwa akafukidzwa nguo maoko. Heraldry akati chena ruvara rimwe Inonyanya kubata unyanzvi hwake. Artists vanogona goridhe nesirivha mavara achibatsirwa kwete zvakananga chete nesimbi, asiwo penya mavara.

The mbava pamusoro mapuranga

Pakuita nguvo maoko maviri rakagara richidudzirwa kushandiswa mbava mhuka - squirrels uye weasels.

Ermine anoratidzwa pamusoro sirivha kana goridhe munda muchimiro Michinjikwa nhema. Izvi zvinhu chiratidzo simba. Kodzero kurishandisa uye vakambova youmambo uye anokudzwa Dynasties chete kuti vane imwe chinzvimbo munzanga.

Tsindi pabutiro kunoitika muchimiro zvitema-musoro uye chena matehwe. Kusiyana analoginen ermine, anomiririra chinhu uye anoratidzwa kazhinji muchimiro ngowani. zvinhu zvakadaro, somuenzaniso, kuRussia hadziwanzowaniki.

Sezvineiwo, furs, yaiva shoma munzvimbo Ages Europe, rakashandiswa kushongedzwa knightly mireza kunyange vasati yayo mufananidzo.

Kakasaririra kare anogona kunzi uye Sable mbava. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuonekwa pamusoro mureza wenyika yakakurumbira mhuri Hohenzollern. Hazvina kubva chigaro ichi, paiva madzimambo Prussia uye Kaiser muGermany.

Flowers sechiratidzo

Flowers mu heraldry zvakanga zvakakurumbira kunyange pakati youmambo pakuberekwa. Somuenzaniso, kuEngland, nezvishongo uye akasungwa pakati Roses anogona kuratidza kure chete chiratidzo raitonga dzinza. Kana vaine mhuri aiva nehama pakati korona misoro yavo, aisagona kushandisa kupfuura rimwe ruva riri nhovo yake.

Muhondo Roses, iyo yakatanga muna muEngland XV remakore, akadana pamusoro mabhii ari Dynasties maviri kukwikwidzirana simba. Lancaster kudada tsvuku yake vakasimuka, mumwe Yorkie - chena. Pane dzimwe zimukadzimu spiked maruva. Ndibatsireiwo chiratidzo Bulgarian Rose ndiye nezvitsvuku, apo yeyero Roses - inomirira Beijing.

Imwe nyika yakakurumbira ruva Logo - rehapa. Yakanga chiratidzo pakati vanamwari vatatu vatatu maruva Bourbons, uyo akatonga France kwemazana emakore, uye Spain rwugare choushe nhasi.

Rukato kubva heraldic chiratidzo rava chiratidzo yose Scotland. Zvigwenzi mienzaniso chrysanthemum, inova National ruva Japan kubvira VII remakore.

Miti pamusoro maoko

Oak. Izvo zvinoreva heraldry ane zvakafanana? Sezvo makarekare inomiririra simba uye simba. Uyezve, pane inoratidza uye mireza kazhinji tinogona kuwana zvibereko - acorns.

muti Olive, uye zvikurukuru davi rawo aizivikanwa chiratidzo chorugare. dudziro iyi midzi muBhaibheri. Maererano Yekare, njiva vakauya muorivhi davi Noa sechiratidzo kugumiswa Mafashamo. The VaMuslim vaiona muorivhi woupenyu. Njiva akatakura bazi muti unogona kuonekwa Somuenzaniso, musi maoko Fiji.

Uyewo ari mapepa kwakakurumbira nemipaini cherry (mu Japan - chiratidzo upfumi uye kubudirira).

Birds pazvhishambadziro

Kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe shiri somunhu kuona mufananidzo, unogona kuwana gondo, iyo iri European tsika anotaura yokutongwa uye simba. Inogona kuonekwa US chewaini, apo Muruvoko ane bazi omuorivhi miseve akaratidza namatatu (nhamba dzakavamba States).

Heraldry kunyanya nokunyatsodzidza chimiro kuti gondo kaviri misoro, iyo inogona kuwanikwa mutsika dzakasiyana marudzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ayo mavambo vanosungirwa nemasaini Sumerian ibudirire weMesopotamia yekare. Kubva ipapo, iye akatamira navaHiti.

The Byzantine Empire akashandisawo maviri misoro gondo riri kuziviswa pasina chinangwa. Yakanga kubva ipapo, pamwe Orthodoxy akachinjirwa Russia, apo akagamuchira kuberekwa wechipiri. Fantastic shiri yakashongedzwa pazvhishambadziro Chernigov, Tver uye Moscow zvemisoro.

Yakanga yakakurumbira pakati vokuGermany (yokuGermany Confederation, Hutsvene hweRoma, kuti hweAustria-Hungary, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Nhasi, nhamba iyi aripo pamusoro petsanga pamusoro Albania, Armenia, Russia, Serbia neMontenegro.

Zvakafanana gondo rake anokudzwa unhu norukodzi, riri kuMiddle Ages achiri aishamwaridzana varume unhu: rupo, chivalry, ushingi uye simba.

Similar zvarinoreva mifananidzo shiri akadai neshorechena, Crane uye shuramurove. Kazhinji, ivo vanoratidzwa vakamira mumwe gumbo. Akadaro sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira nokungwarira uye kungwarira.

Shiri "Labels" zvakare zvakajairika rarira, duck uye roosters.

Chirevo mhuka

Wolf kunonyanya chakajairika Ages mutsika German. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chikara chine ndeyokufananidzira yakasiyana kukosha. tsika Russian anoratidza kwaari hasha, makaro uye makaro. Bhaibheri mhuka - vane vaprofita venhema. Aizivikanwa vakasara hama dzake Lupa Capitolina, zvokudya mwana mukaka wake. It chiratidzo pakati "guta kusingaperi" Roma. Maererano nengano, iye akaponesa kubva nenzara hama Romulus uye Remus, okutanga, uye nheyo kugarwa.

Mhuka dzakawanda vanoonekwa anofanana ne unyoro uye kunyara. nondo ichi uye makwayana. Gwayana ane chinzvimbo mune tsika dzechiKristu. Gwayana raMwari muEvhangeri Iisus Hristos anonzi. Pasina izvozvo, ndaisakwanisa kuita European heraldry Catholic. Characters kubva nyaya dzeBhaibheri nguva dzose kubatikana nzvimbo vakakurumbira Old World.

Bhiza rine rakasiyana mamiriro somunhu yokushongedzwa mureza sezvo aiva akatendeka Knights satellites. Rinomirira kwete chete nokukurumidza uye kuzvitsaurira, asiwo ushingi. Bhiza nguva dzose vanoratidzwa profile.

Deer, kwagara zvakurukurwa paunhu mhuka, yakanga yakakurumbira pakati anokudzwa mhuri. Warriors vaigona kushandisa mufananidzo wake souchapupu kutyisidzira vavengi, nekuti nyanga dondo vanogara kwavo kunhuwidza waakadzinga nyoka.

Musii Paaiita hasha dzake, izvozvo anotakura chimiro unhu hwakadai ushingi uye kusatya. Kazhinji, iye vanoratidzwa Profile Zvisinei, rinowanikwa musoro chete musii wacho.

mhedziso

Nhasi ari kushingaira akadzidza nhoroondo heraldry. Iye kubva kwayo chitarisiko yazova imwe yakakurumbira mifananidzo romuMiddle feudal muvanhu. Siyanisa chiratidzo kwairatidza kuva mhuri dzavo uye kirasi. Kwokuderera kufarira Chiitiko mubumbiro XVIII remakore. Nokufamba kwenguva, akava yakajeka mifananidzo feudal vakasara, anoramba se "chiso" mumaguta uye inotaura.