Ndiani akawana Australia?

Nyika ichiri kukakavadzana pamusoro paani akawana Australia. Vamwe vanoti ndiJakove Cook, mufambisi wengarava anobva kuEngland. Vamwe vanove nechokwadi kuti avo vakawana mukondinendi vaiva vaDhani, avo vaitsvaga nzira yekuenda navo kuJava.

Muzhinji, vanhu vekutanga pano vakaonekwa kare kare vaEurope. Makore anopfuura makumi mana emakore akapfuura nyika ino yakasarudzwa nemunharaunda kubva kumaodzanyemba kweAsia. Yakavanzika terra incognita Australius (asingazivikanwi nyika yekumaodzanyemba) - vekare geographers vaiziva nezvazvo. Sekare muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, pamamapu, vakaratidza kondinendi isingazivikanwi. Ichokwadi, zvinyorwa pamusoro pavo zvemuganhu uyu mukuru wenyika hazvifananidzi chaiwo weAustralia.

Mukukakavadzana pamusoro pevanhu vakawana Australia, vaPutukezi vari kupindawo, vachiti vafambisi vechiPutukezi vakagamuchira ruzivo pamusoro pekondinendi idzva kusvika kare kare sezana remakore rechitanhatu kubva kuvaborigines veMalawi Islands, avo vaive varedza hopangs mumhenderekedzo yegungwa reinyika isingazikamwi. Asi gumbo rokutanga reEurope rakaenda kunyika yeAustralia chete muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe.

Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa kweAustralia kwenguva refu yakabatanidzwa nezita reKheka, asi zvakadaro vekutanga vagari vomuEurope vakashanyira kondinendi yeguru (dzimwe nguva inonzi Australia), vaDutch vanofunga. Hazvishamisi kuti chikamu chekumadokero kondinendi iyi inoshamisa gare gare yakazozivikanwa seNew Holland.

Muna 1605, Willem Jansson weHolland, uyo akayambuka Torres Strait, akaenda nechikepe pedyo neCape York Peninsula. Gore rakatevera, Torres kubva kuSpain akazarura dambudziko, iro rinoparadzanisa chitsuwa cheNew Guinea kubva kunyika. Muna 1642, Dane Abel Tasman akashanyira kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kweTagmania, achifunga kuti iri chikamu cheAustralia. Vose Jansson naTagman vakaungana pamhenderekedzo yevaAborigines.

Uye vaDutch, nevaSpain, uye vaDanes havana kutanga kuzivisa pachena kuzarura kondinendi itsva. Izvo ndezvekuvanzika kwemapiyona iyo mubvunzo wekuti ndiani akawana Australia uye ari kupikiswa iye zvino neBritish akauya munyika ino makore 150 mushure mokutanga kweEurope.

Muna 1770 kusvika kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva yeAustralia zvikepe zvaJakove Cook, uyo akabva atanga kuzivisa nyika itsva neChirungu, akadzora. Pasina nguva vakagadzira mambo we "hurumende yepamutemo" yevapomeri, uye mushure mekupedzisira kwevaBritain vezvematongerwe enyika.

Muna 1788, vaBritish, avo vakauya ne "yezvikepe zvokutanga" muvhu reAustralia, vakagadzira guta reSydney, iro rakabva rasvika pakati peBritish koloni. Ne "chikepe chechipiri" kwakauya vatasununguka vokutanga vakasununguka, avo vakatanga kushingaira kutsvaga zvinyorwa zvebendinendi yakasvibirira.

Iyo nyika, pakutanga yainzi New Holland, yakanzi Australia kana kuguma kwe18 uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, neine chimiro chinonzwisisika chinonzi English hydrographer Flinders. Panguva ino vaAborigines vakaurayiwa nechisimba nevakoloni. Vanhu vomunyika dzakazvarwa vakabatwa chibharo, vavhimwa, vaAborigines vakange vane chepfu, uye mabhonasi akabhadhara kune vakafa. Makore zana mushure mekuonekwa kwemaodzanyemba kweBrithani, vazhinji vevagari vemo vakange vaparadzwa, uye avo vakapukunyuka vakaendeswa kunharaunda dzenyika, dzisina upenyu uye dzakasara.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvitsva zvinowanzozivikanwa. Saka, kunyange James Cook asati aenda kumakondinendi iyi yekumaodzanyemba akashanyira mumwe muBritain - William Dampier. Uye muna 1432, chikepe cheChina chinonzi Zeng He chakashanyira Australia.

Asi hapana humwe humwe hurumende dzemazuva ano hunogona kutaridzirwa se nyika yakazarura nyika kunyika yakasvibirira. Ikutanga, yakareba pamberi peEurope, vaEgipita vekare vakashanyira pano . Vaiwanzopinza mafuta eucalyptus - muti wakakura chete muNorth East of Australia. Uye pamatombo e continent ino unogona kuwana mifananidzo yekare yezvitsvuku - zvitsvene zvekare zveEgipita.

Saka, mubvunzo wekuti ndiani akawana Australia - iyi inyaya yakakakavadzana, iyo ichiri kukuvadza vanyori vezvakaitika kare.