Kuchinja Cleisthenes, uye avo nhoroondo kukosha

Nhoroondo Athens, uyewo mamwe maguta akawanda, kwaiva conspiracies uye the. Zvematongerwo enyika iri nenguva pasi kuchinja. Kwokupedzisira inotungamirwa anouya panguva Cleisthenes utongi. Ndiye akarova chikuru worudzi kwamachinda. Iye rewrote mamiriro ezvinhu vomuAtene. Somugumisiro ake zvinhu yakaumbwa hweruzhinji muvanhu. Uyewo, chinokosha mupiro kuna chairema zvematongerwo enyika akasuma Solon. Next, isu ongorora muudzame chaizvo kuchinja kwakaitwa nevanhu ava. Nyaya kuchaitawo kupiwa zvainyanya veAteni panguva iyoyo.

Mamiriro pakutanga pamusoro VI remakore BC. e.

Zvakanga zvakaoma. Free kwevanhu zvishoma delaminate. Izvi zvakanga rinosundwa kukura chinokosha-mari kutenderera. Wakasununguka mhoteredzo rotanga kunetsana pakati pevapfumi varombo evpatriadami. First vachiri akabata simba. Simbisai paiva mupfumi nyanzvi dzokugadzira, vatengesi uye varidzi. Ivo vachishuva kuva nesimba, achishandisa Kusagutsikana zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki varidzi, uyewo vamiririri murombo. Kuderedza kupokanidzana uye kubatanidza zvose vakasununguka rukoko rimwe anotonga kukuru zvaida kutendeuka. Vakatanga kuisa Solon - archon yakasarudzwa muna 594, gore BC. e. The chikuru Chinangwa chacho kushandurwa ndechokunzwananisa dzinopesana zvinofarirwa neshamwari yaivapo vakasununguka. zvakajeka chikwereti kuburikidza mabasa ake vomuAtene nyika. iye zvabatwa chete vamwe zvokudya rekare remitemo. Asi zvimwe zvose yakaguma.

Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna kodzero Solon. Somuenzaniso, vagari rakanzwika navatorwa vakanga vagara Attica pamwe pfuma uye mhuri. The yose vakawanda yakakamurwa kupinda 4 makirasi. Kusaruramisira zvaizopedza nokuda kuparadzirwa mitero. Boka rokupedzisira iri asingachaiti kubhadhara zvachose. The vamiririri mamwe makirasi achashumira uye kubhadhara mutero avo ezvinhu. vagari 'kodzero inoenderana chinzvimbo chavo. Solon zvakare yakazivisa ruregero. Isu akati akaonekana navo vose kunze nemhondi uye vatengesi. Zvaanoita, akaedza chokubatanidza kururamisira uye kunaka. Enthrone gutsaruzhinji iripo kwemakore mazana matatu. Panguva ino, handina aifanira kudzokorora zvaakaita Solon. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana chikonzero kutendeuka. Kwemakore kwave zviitiko matsva muupenyu Attica. Cleisthenes kuchinja vaiva zvikuru nokuti zvematongerwo enyika uye magariro evanhu kurongeka.

Shanduko simba

History of Ancient Atene ndiye inonakidza chaizvo. Pakafa Pisistratus simba akapfuura vanakomana vake, Hipparchus uye Hippias. Zvisinei, kutanga akazvipira unyanzvi uye mabhuku. Gippy vakaaitawo paruzhinji zvenyika. Peisistratos kuripo muutongi kwazova chakaomarara. The 514-M BC Kurangana dzakatangira vaAtene revatongi muvanhu. Chinangwa charo kubvisa vanodzvinyirirwa. Two unoranganawo - Aristogiton uye Garmdiem - kwaiva vachiedza kubata vatongi pamutambo. Zvisinei, vakakwanisa chete kuuraya Hipparchus. Hippias, akapona, chakakonzerwa pamusoro vavengi pokubatwa udzvanyiriri. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vaAtene vaifanira kusiya nyika yokumusha kwavo. Ndangariro Aristogiton Harmodius refu airemekedzwa Democrats.

Foreign negwaro mamiriro ezvinhu

A nzvimbo iyo akabata Hippias, zvakanga zvakaoma. It Akaperekedzwa zvinetso vatorwa. Pakazosvika 519-fung BC. e. kuAtene zvakabatanidzwa nemapfekero - Boeotian guta pamuganhu. Somugumisiro, paiva yokumbozorora pamwe Thebans. Panguva iyoyowo yekudyidzana vakashaisa Argos - akawanda ari mutsigiri Pisistratus. Asi muvengi Sparta nekusiyana, kusimbisa uye kusimbisa nzvimbo yavo. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Atene akarasikirwa kudzorwa pakamanikana, vayambuka mukati nhaka Achaemenids.

kuipa mamiriro ezvinhu

Pisistratidov vakaramba simba vatungamiri wezvokutengeserana uye ndege ushamwari uye kwamachinda. Vanopikisa hama kwaiva kutsigira revatongi yeChina pakati Sparta uye ari Delphic yeshoko, waiva simba guru. The 510-M BC Spartans vakapinda muguta uye akadzinga Hippias.

Race nokuti simba

Pashure makatodzinga Hippias akatanga nebope pakati Paralia uye evpatriadami. Panotangira kwamachinda akamira Isagoras. It kwakamutsigira Cleomenes - mambo Spartan. Somugumisiro pavanotaurirana veguta akadzingwa Cleisthenes. Aiva Alcmaeonidae kuti muna VII remakore BC Takanga vakatukwa. Chikonzero chaiva kurwa kwakanaka genus pamwe akabvuta chigaro Cylon, panguva iyo yakakumikidzwa kumhura temberi tsvene. With Klisfenom guta dzakamanikidzwa kusiya imwe mhuri 700 vatsigiri vake. Kuisa panotangira bhodhi Isagoras Spartans vaida kudzorera simba dzokumaruwa kwamachinda. Zvisinei, vanhu venyika Attica akaratidza kusagutsikana. Athens akakurumidza vakazadzwa vanhuwo zvavo, izvo pamwe mumadhorobha vagari rakanyatsozarirwa, Spartans, nevatsigiri vavo dzematunhu Acropolis. Somugumisiro, eupatrides aifanira yokuupa, uye Cleomenes akamanikidzwa vabve muguta. Cleisthenes vakadzoka uye akasarudzwa sezvo nguva yake Solon, chokutanga archon. Izvi zvakaitika panguva 508th (507th) BC. e. Panguva iyoyo zera rake rakanga anenge makore 60 okuberekwa.

Kutendeuka kusvika 508 BC. E:. administrative kupesana

Izvi Cleisthenes kuchinja vanonzi kukosha. All Vagari Attica vakanga vakakamurwa kuva phylum itsva. Pamberi pavo paiva Phil Mumwe 4. chete raiva 3 phratry. Panotangira yokupedzisira vaimiririra mhuri chakanaka. Vaitarisira remabasa dzeboka moieties. Munhuwo sezvo nhengo dzavo vaifanira zvinoenderana enyika uye zvechitendero nesimba kwamachinda uye vanoritsigira ari kuenderera mberi mabhizimisi. Cleisthenes nadzurudzo zvachose akamedura mudziyo yekare. Wakapamura nharaunda kupinda mumatunhu matatu. Zvino Attica vakapinda muguta, mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa ubvise uye sandara nyika. Mumwe dunhu aiva yayo kupesana. Zvino, ndima yayo inosanganisira nzvimbo duku gumi. Vakadaidzwa Tritt. Next akaumba gumi phyla. In nomumwe wavo yaisanganisira mumwe kubva Tritt County. Kusanganisa fil yakaitika chete panguva kuvhota. Isa mberi nevanhu 50 vari yemashekeri (zvino yakanga ukuwo, Council of 500), mumwe nomumwe - iri College 10 Nyanzvi dzezvehondo (nerimwe izvo akashanda mukuru wehondo basa). Also kuumbwa mumapoka matatu nokuda kwehondo vamabhiza, vaifamba netsoka uye vengarava. Izvi administrative kuchinja Cleisthenes, sezvo Aristotle akariisa, vakabatsira "kuvhiringidzika" vanhu. The chikuru mirayiridzo tishandurwe aiva kudzvinyirira eupatrides. chete ezvitendero mabasa vakatumirwa chete Generic filami. Izvi zvakanga, zvavo, mamiriro ezvinhu Athens.

the

Izvi zvakanga huru yaiona, enyika uye zvoupfumi chikwata. Demes vanenge zana. Vaiva vemunharaunda kuzvipira vedare musangano wavo, chezvipo, dare. Ndaive mavari uye akasarudzwa meya - demarh. Aiva mapurisa paupamhi zvakakwana uye administrative simba. Demarh mutariri mitero zvichitevera ndandanda kuzvarwa, ari kuunganidza vechidiki nhengo. Nemijenya nokuenda dzimwe nhengo vaiongorora nyaya. A nzvimbo chaiyo iri kodzero muAtene yekare. vakawanda metics dzakaisirwa mu rokunyora demotia mazita. Ava vaiva vatama, kukunyimai kodzero, uye reVakasununguka. Izviwo, vakabatsira kuwedzera kwevanhu. Chokwadi chokuti pasi mazita deme akazvipiwa kodzero dzevanhu.

dambudziko

Changes dzakaitwa uye kodzero muAtene yekare. Nokufamba zvinhu kwave rakadzorerwa basa juries, ari yemashekeri uye National Assembly. Kuburikidza nemasangano aya aigona vanoti kodzero dzavo. Uye yaigona kuita ose mugari, kana zvichidikanwa. Cleisthenes mitemo zvikurukuru kunangana peutongi hweudzvanyiriri. Mumwe izvi chaiva chiito dambudziko. Kuverenga mutemo uyu Krisfena gore negore kuti National Assembly rakanga kusarudza dzinokosha. Chaizvoizvo Its kwaiva kuziva munhu muguta, anomira nokuda simba rayo kuti zviri nyore kutora simba mumaoko avo. Kana musangano wokutanga vakasarudza kuti yakadaro mugari vane guta, izvozvo musangano wechipiri. Ndiyo nzira ostarkizma ( "ostracon" - mumwe shard). Vaya vaivapo musangano vaAtene aigona kusiya crock zita murume kupfuura nengozi. Vaigona kuva anobudirira wemauto, vakakurumbira enyika uye zvichingodaro. Zvinofanira akati kuti izvi zvinogona kwazvo kuva munhuwo dzakatsarukana mugari asina kunyadziswa pachake. Kunyange zvakadaro, reVanodzika aigona kufunga kuti ngozi muguta. mugari ichi adzingwa mutemo kwemakore gumi. mhuri yake uye pfuma vasara muguta. Paakadzokera, pakarepo otorazve kodzero dzayo. Ndivo zvokuchinja makuru Cleisthenes zvishoma.

Yakunda hweruzhinji

Kuchinja Cleisthenes muAtene kufadza wemasangano echiGiriki anoti. Munzvimbo idzi simba rake mumaoko kuziva kuti, Chokwadi, kuva vasingafariri "muenzaniso wakaipa" vagari vayo. The mubatanidzwa kwaisanganisira Aegina, Sparta, Thebes uye Chalkida. Alcmaeonidae akaedza kuwana rutsigiro kubva nevaPezhiya. Vakatoedza vaida kubvumirana kuziva mukuru simba amambo. Asi vagari Attica akanga categorically pamusoro ratification esungano. Somugumisiro, mune 506th BC Coalition Mauto nechisimba munharaunda vomuAtene. Zvisinei, vakatambura ane unorema kukundwa. VokuAtene vaiva kwete chete kugona dzinga kwacho, asi kuti kuyambukira Euboea uye Chalcis tenzi. Somugumisiro, yegutsaruzhinji nesimba.

In mhedziso

Ndivo kuchinja Solon uye Cleisthenes zvishoma. Varume vaviri ava vakararama dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, vaviri basa rakanga zvikuru nokuda Attica. The kuchinja Solon uye Cleisthenes vakabatsira streamline enyika, magariro evanhu uye administrative marongerwo.