Chii Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic?

Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic - iri Socialist Republic, kuti kuzvionera kuti vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi, iyo yaiva XX remakore mukati mundima USSR. kaviri nharaunda akawana chinzvimbo ichi, nokuda kutevedzana zviitiko vemauto, enyika uye socio-upfumi kushanduka.

Unhu Socio-zveupfumi uye nzvimbo

Karelian ASSR - imwe nzvimbo nechokuchamhembe European chikamu USSR. Kumadokero kwayo pamuganhu pamwe Finland, kumabvazuva rapaGungwa White, kumaodzanyemba - Ladoga uye Lake Onega. The rokuyamura nemumakomo chete vakasiyana zvisaririra migumisiro Zvakaitwa rechando. The chicherwa pfuma vave rinoparadzirwa zvokuvakisa (machena, girenayiti, dolomite, etc.), Iron mhangura, Mika. By netsika Soviet Union nharaunda kwainzi asi shure zvoupfumi kubva kunharaunda yayo haana guru maindasitiri zvivako. Uyezve, rudzi titular Republic, kuti Finno-Ugric marudzi (Veps, Karelians, Finns) chaizvoizvo rakaumba chikamu diki vemo (anenge 30%).

Republic yorunyararo

Zvinotisimbisa uye historiography zvingatora nenyonganyonga: asi Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic, kana? Yokusarudza nzira iri kurudyi, unofanira kunzwisisa transformations pane akatevedzana. Munguva Civil Hondo Karelian Labor Tauriranai yakarongwa Russia. Kokutanga sechinhu administrative uye miganhu chairema USSR yakashandurwa kupinda Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic. Hwaro ichi chaiva chirevo Central Executive Committee, akasaina July 25, 1923 Mushure kuitwa itsva Constitution of USSR, December 5, 1936, zita akachinjwa kuna Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic.

June 17, 1937 nguvo maoko zvokuvhoterwa wokutanga wakatangwa, yakanga chinyorwa mumitauro mitatu: Russian, Karelian uye Finnish. Zvisinei, December 29, 1937 chakagamuchirwa ayo Akave nokuvandudza shanduro pasina yokupedzisira wacho sirogani. Izvi zvakanga yakafanira kutanga munharaunda udzvanyiriri pamusoro Finnish vanogara.

Dare miviri zvokuvhoterwa

An zvinokosha danho rakanga pokugadzwa bato uye hurumende masimba, sezvo ndima, rwakazokura chikamu RSFSR. Karelian ASSR akanga yakagoverwa mamiriro yakazvimirira administrative-miganhu Unit, saka musoro nevarikutonga simba raiva Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars, uye bato midziyo kwave pfungwa muna Republican Party nechepakati reDare Central Committee of CPSU (b) (mu imwe nguva - CC CP (b)).

Mugore yepashure pehondo Sovnarkoma michina vakanga yakatsiviwa Ushumiri, kusanganisira mumunda. Kushandurwa akagunzva mumwe zvokuvhoterwa uye kuzvionera, yaiva chikamu USSR. Central Agencies kudzidza nzvimbo yakanga inotungamirwa Minister of Karelian ASSR.

Military akavhiyiwa munyika

Location nyaya kakawanda vakazova chigumbuso kuwana zvido dzakavakidzana. Saka, mumatsutso 1939, apo Hondo yeNyika II yakatanga, nyaya rakachengeteka Leningrad uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza kwawedzera chaizvo. Kure anenge 25 km kubva guta rakanga Soviet State muganhu pamwe Finland. With rakananga nechisimba munharaunda European hondo mauto munyika rimwe pamarudzi anorwisana muEurope akava chaizvo kutokonora zvakananga moto. Aigona kusika chipingamupinyi kuna Soviet Navy, iri Kronstadt, anokanda pfuti, riri pamuganhu mutsetse aigona kwazvo kurwisa maindasitiri nzvimbo Leningrad. Kuti adzivise Muchiitiko chakadaro, utungamiriri Soviet muna October 1939 akaisa mberi wandei vaitaura kuFinland, pakati waiva kupanana nenharaunda. Zvikurukuru kubvira pedyo ehurumende aifanira kupa hafu Karelian Isthmus uye zvitsuwa zvinoverengeka zviri Gulf Finland. Uyewo, Soviet Union anosimbiswa abvume yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, nzvimbo yaiva kaviri. Finland haana kugamuchira mashoko aya, uye kwakadzama pakati inoti zviri deadlocked.

miganhu kuchinja

November 30, 1939, zvakazara pokuziva netariro zvinhu, Soviet Union anotanga hondo Soviet-Finnish, iyewo yakazozivikanwa seshanduro War Winter. On December 1 yava chasainwa yokutanga "Chibvumirano Ushamwari uye Mutual Runobatsira pakati USSR uye Finnish Democratic Republic." Aronga kuti miganhu itsva kubereka kuvakwa kumuganhu masvingo. Saka, mashoko ari chibvumirano kwaiva kuziva nehafu Finnish yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia ndima. Mugumo Winter Hondo March 1940, apo Soviet Moscow, dzairwisana mapato akasaina runyararo chibvumirano. The Soviet Union yakanga kurasa Peninsula pakati Hanko rechiuto pechingoro uye sizeable south-yokumadokero nharaunda Peninsula, yaisanganisira Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suojärvi polar nechokumabvazuva yeko pamwechete nemisha uye Alakurtti Kuolajärvi.

wegumi Republic

Sezvo April 1940, Karelian ASSR yakashandurwa kupinda Karelian-Finnish SSR. Pursuant kuti mashoko ari Moscow Peace Treaty kwaro sezvamunoita imwe nzvimbo yakakura Finland aivapowo.

Administrative-miganhu kushanduka kwakawedzera nehurumende uye pamutemo Republic uye kuwedzera kodzero voruzhinji, socio-zveupfumi uye tsika kukura. Mushure kutendeuka, kuti Karelian kuzvionera muna Omani SSR July 8, 1940 nguvo itsva maoko rakavambwa.

Karelian-Finnish SSR akava nharaunda kunotyisa kurwa muhondo Soviet Union uye Nazi Germany. Muna 1941, chikamu chikuru munyika yavaibatisa uye vakasunungurwa chete muzhizha 1944.

City pfungwa Karelian ASSR

Small nokuda nzvimbo yaiva Karelian ASSR. Cities nemisha vaiva vashoma uye vakanga Finnish Karelian zita,. Muzinda reRepublic ndiye Petrozavodsk. Akanga atova panguva iyoyo raiva guta guru kupfuura. Mamiriro muzinda Petrozavodsk zvino. Guta Republican kuzviisa pasi pamusoro Sortavala wechipiri. Karelian ASSR akanga vanenge gumi nevaviri maguta remunharaunda kuzviisa pasi. It Belomorsk, naKemueri, Kondopoga, Lahdenpohja Medvezhegorsk, Olonets, Pitkäranta Pudozh, Segezha, Suojärvi.

Maererano Republican mitemo kuti maguta nhoroondo kwakanga kuri kwose kwose. Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic of shure nharaunda iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuva kupfuura dzakasimukira nzvimbo, nei hanya vagari, vanoda kuvandudza hwavo mararamiro, akanga asiri mune rokupedzisira panzvimbo.

Kuzoita chinzvimbo

Rufu I. V. Stalina muna 1953 uye zvakazoitika enyika, socio-zvoupfumi, tsika uye pfungwa hunhu zvakananga zvakakanganisa hwakafanorongwa uye vagari vanhuwo, uye nharaunda yose. Nzvimbo Karelian-Finnish Republic mukati USSR yacho yakagadziridzwa zvakare. Maererano Chirevo Supreme Soviet of USSR zvakanzi vakadzokera mamiriro kuzvionera kuna June 16, 1956 akava zvakare chikamu RSFSR, asi akarasikirwa musoro shoko "Finnish".

Kana nyaya uyu kurongwazve, pane aitamba: "... Republic yakaguma, nokuti akawana Finns maviri - fininspektora uye Finkelstein."

A chiratidzo kuberekwazve zvionera nharaunda akava mamiriro mureza pamusoro RSFSR, vakanga vatambura zvimwe zvinhu zvakanyorwa Russian uye Finnish.

Chokuita Kutendeuka Omani SSR vari kuzvionera waAugust 20, 1956, pamwe zviduku kuchinja kwakanga reconstructed vaimbova Republic jasi kwezvombo. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vari kuti vanodavira kuti chiitiko ichi akatsunga njodzi mundima kwemakumi emakore achauya. Karelian zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic aivapo kusvikira 1991. Zvokufungidzira, nharaunda aigona kuva yakazvimirira yoga mamiriro, asi kuwanikwa pakati RSFSR ndicho chikonzero kuti - the yaiona-miganhu Unit, nyaya yanhasi Russia, chine chinzvimbo of Republic, rinonzi yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Its guru ichiri guta Petrozavodsk.