Vangani Arab arimowo nhasi. Nyaya

Arabic sezviverengo, anozivikanwawo sokuti Indo-Arab ndiyo nyore, aizivikanwa zvose nezviratidzo - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 uye 9. Ndiyo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti sei zvakawanda Arabic sezviverengo kuchava nhamba gumi. To musi, ndivo mufananidzo rakajairika yokufananidzira nhamba pose.

Background chitarisiko

First Kuedza kusika digitaalinen hurongwa kwakaitwa muBhabhironi muna 2nd chemakore BC. e., asi avo nhamba hurongwa haana razero.

The kwaita Arabic sezviverengo chokuita Hindu-Arabic nhamba hurongwa, rave chakatorwa nevaPezhiya uye pachakatanga kushandiswa Arab munyika. Pane uchapupu, naro rinogona vakafunga kuti nhamba yokutanga akazviratidza kumadokero kumatunhu ose munyika dzechiArabhu.

In ayo ano chimiro, asi sezviverengo Arabic akaonekwa North Africa, vakanga vakasiyana nevaya kushandiswa West. Muguta neBeja, riri nechokuchamhembe Algeria, nomukurumbira musayendisiti Fibonacci akasika munhu ano-digital gadziriro, naiye ndiye vakwira pamwe Arabic sezviverengo kana, asi, akaita kuti zvibvire kuti popularization kwavo. basa rake rakanga kunoshamisa nokuti kuparadzirwa kwayo muEurope vokuEurope, uyo akasimudzira navo munyika. Fibonacci akagadzira sezviverengo Arabic, kunyange kuziva kuti dzakwidzwa kupararira pasi pose kuburikidza zvokutengeserana, Typography uye colonialism.

akaita sei razero

Vamwe vangaita sokuti pachena kuti ane razero chikamu positional ino, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi, nokuti yakati ichangobva munhau yevanhu. Asi chokwadi, chiratidzo ubiquitous iri rinoreva kuti "hapana" harina kushandiswa muEurope kusvikira XII remakore. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mangwanani kuedza kuti ataure razero positional hurongwa vakasikwa Mesopotamia yekare. Sumerian vanyori akashandisa siyana kwemifananidzo uye nezviratidzo, izvo mabasa ayo pedyo nhamba iyi, zviuru zvina apfuura. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga magwaro akanyorwa pamusoro nechitarisiko chiratidzo ichi yomusi III-II chemakore BC. e. muBhabhironi. Akanyanya sexagesimal kuBhabhironi digitaalinen gadziriro iripo wemasaini izvo zvinobatsira kusiyanisa pamakumi, mazana nezviuru, asi akanga asina kushandiswa yoga. E., nhamba iyi haisati kuwana zvose zvayo yemhando zvinhu.

Hindu-Arabic nhamba hurongwa yakabuda muIndia kumativi 500 AD. Akanga zvikuru echimurenga, nekuti yakanga razero uye positional notation. Iri raiva zvinokosha mberi tichitarisa masvomhu. Saka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "sei pane kuti Arabic sezviverengo" zvachinja kubva razero aiva mumwe mufananidzo zvizere.

Dzimwe nguva positional nhamba gadziriro anokudzwa Nhamba uye glyphs, zviratidzo, izvo inoshandiswa mufananidzo nhamba kana tsamba kwakajeka. Mukova yokutanga muchimiro razero glyph misi kubva IX remakore (nechepakati India). Zvakawanda akachengetedzwa Mahwendefa emhangura Indian zvichipupurira kuvapo unhu, zvakafanana basa kuti razero atova VI. n. e.

Kwadzakabva mu Europe

sezviverengo Arabic akazviratidza muEurope muna 976, zviri yasimbiswa Vigilanskim Code.
Kutanga 980 kuti Orilyaksky Herbert, uyo akazova Pope Sylvester II, akabatsira popularize nhamba iri Europe. Leonardo Fibonacci, yakakurumbira yemasvomhu kubva Pisa, uyo aidzidza kuAlgeria, zvakonzerawo kupararira itsva-digital gadziriro, wakati zvakanyorwa "The Book Abacha."

Figures uye nhamba

Mhinduro kumubvunzo sei zvakawanda vechiArabhu nhamba dziripo zvakasikwa, zviri nyore, sezvo paine chete 10, sezvinotevera: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. ukama manhamba uye nhamba iri pachena, nekuti nhamba dziri yokufananidzira kwatinoitwa, uye nhamba pachayo - pfungwa inoratidza nhamba.

Chikonzero kuti sezviverengo Arabic vakagamuchirwa muEurope, hakusi bedzi zvivanakire zvavo kushandisa, asi pakuonekwa wokutanga wokudhinda, izvo akavaita nevakawanda atova XV remakore.

Arabic sezviverengo muRussia

KwechiSlavonic notation zvinobva kuna kwechiSlavonic arufabheti, yaishandiswa kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva Slavs. Raishandiswa kusvikira XVIII remakore, kana Peter I vakaritsiva nemazita Arabic sezviverengo. Zviya, Russia yava imwe yenyika yokutanga, iyo yave pamutemo kupinzwa kushandiswa Arabic sezviverengo.

Kuti muchidimbu, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pasinei nokuti mhinduro yomubvunzo, sei Arab nhamba dzakawanda, pane pari nyore chaizvo, positional digitaalinen hurongwa yasvika refu nzira inotungamirwa. Saka, vatambi, t. E. Nhamba kamwe nokuda inozvikudza Indian masayendisiti pakutanga kwakaitika dzavo Arabhu tsika, uye chete ipapo vakatanga kupararira munyika yakabudirira nyika.

Paakasika kwakadaro digital gadziriro achaita mhanyisa zvikuru kukura zvose zvesainzi. Chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti kufambira kupararira uye kwadzakabva echiArabic sezviverengo pasi pose vakava kutama uye chidzoke Kudhinda, izvo zvakaita kuti zvinobvira navo vagere munyika yose vazive.