KwechiSlavonic arufabheti. Old kwechiSlavonic arufabheti - kukosha tsamba. kwechiSlavonic tsamba

Old Church kwechiSlavonic Alphabet - dzakaunganidzwa akanyorwa mabhii ari zvakananga kuti, achiratidza zvariri ruzha. ino ndiyo zvakakwana kutanga vakazvimiririra munharaunda dzokugara yekare vanhu Russian.

Brief Historical Background

Panopera makore 862 Prince Rostislav akatendeukira Michael (the Byzantine Emperor) kutumira mu kwavabati ake (Greater Moravia) Vaparidzi nechinangwa kuparadzira chiKristu mumutauro necheSalvic. Chokwadi kuti raigona kuverengwa apo muchiLatin, raiva kujairika uye zvisinganzwisisiki kuvanhu. Michael akatuma vaGiriki vaviri - Constantine (Cyril uchazogamuchira gare gare muna 869 apo achiita monasticism zita) naMethodius (mukoma). kusarudza uyu haana netsaona. Hama dzakanga anobva Solun (Thessaloniki muchiGiriki), mutungamiri wemhuri. Vose dzidzo yakanaka. Constantine akadzidziswa nenguva muchivanze Kesari Michael III, murayiro wakanaka emitauro yakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira Arabic, chiHebheru, chiGiriki, necheSalvic. Uyezve, akadzidzisa uzivi, nokuti iyo akanzi - Constantine muzivi. Methodius aiva wokutanga muchiuto, uye ipapo akamhanya kwemakore akawanda imwe nzvimbo umo Slavs akararama. Zvadaro, hama mukuru akaenda wemamongi. Yakanga isiri rwendo rwavo rwokutanga - kusvika 860-m, hama akaita chirongwa ane nedzenyu basa uye chinangwa kuna Khazars.

It akasika kwegadziriro zviratidzo zvakanyorwa?

Kuparidza nomutauro necheSalvic, kuti zvaiva zvakakodzera kushandurira Magwaro Matsvene. Asi urongwa akanyorwa nezviratidzo nguva hariko. Constantine akaisa nezvokusikwa arufabheti. Methodius nokushingaira zvakamubatsira. Somugumisiro, muna 863 gore fung epakutanga Cyrillic nearufabheti (kukosha mabhii uchapiwa pazasi) akasikwa. akanyorwa zviratidzo maitiro hwaivapo nenzira mbiri: Glagolitic uye Cyrillic. Nanhasi, masayendisiti vasingabvumirani pamusoro zvaungasarudza izvi kwave yakatangwa Cyril. With kutora chikamu Methodius akashandurwa vamwe echiGiriki mabhuku minamato. Saka Slavs mukana kuverenga nokunyora mumutauro wavo. Uyezve, vanhu vakapiwa kwete chete kwegadziriro zviratidzo zvakanyorwa. KwechiSlavonic arufabheti akava hwaro nokuda mabhuku nemashoko. Mamwe mazwi uye ikozvino chinogona kuwanikwa wokuUkraine, Russian, Bulgarian mutauro.

The zviratidzo rokutanga - shoko rokutanga

Tsamba Old Church kwechiSlavonic arufabheti rokutanga - ", az" uye "Haniel" - vakaisa pasi, chokwadi, zita. Ivo dzinoenderana "A" uye "B" uye vakatanga kwegadziriro zviratidzo. Sezvo zvakanaka yaioneka mangwanani Cyrillic arufabheti? Images akanga wokutanga Graffiti scrawled pamadziro. Zviratidzo zvokutanga akaonekwa munenge muzana remakore rechi9, pamasvingo kereke Pereslavl. Uye muzana remakore rechi11 kwechiSlavonic arufabheti, shanduro zvimwe zviratidzo zvavo dudziro aonekwa Kiev, St. Sophia Cathedral. A itsva ose kukura kunyora chabatsira chiitiko chakaitika muna 1574, gore. Zvino kwakange wekutanga kudhindwa "Old kwechiSlavonic arufabheti." musiki Its aiva Ivan Fedorov.

Communication nguva nezviitiko

Kana ukatarisa, imi hamugoni pasina mubereko kucherechedza kuti kwechiSlavonic arufabheti yakanga Hatingati akarayira iine zviratidzo zvakanyorwa. Ino mavanga akazarurwa itsva vanhu, zvichiita kuti gwara kukwana murume panyika uye kutenda mutsva. Vatsvakurudzi kutarisa Muronga zviitiko, musiyano pakati pavo makore 125 oga, anoratidza zvakananga chokuita pakusikwa pakagadzwa vatambi chiKristu zvakanyorwa. Kwemakore anoda kusvika zana vanhu vakakwanisa kutsakatisa yekare zvekare tsika uye vave kutenda itsva. dzakaitika Most havana mubvunzo kuti chidzoke itsva kunyora gadziriro wakabatana zvakananga haizopereri kuitwa uye kupararira kwechiKristu. KwechiSlavonic arufabheti, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, akasikwa ari 863-M uye Vladimir 988-M rinoziviswa kutanga kutenda chitsva uye kuparadzwa chinyakare chitendero.

Tsika zviratidzo chakavanzika

Nyanzvi zhinji kudzidza nezvenhoroondo kunyora, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti mavara kwechiSlavonic arufabheti rudzi pakavanda kunyora. Aiva rakadzika yechitendero, uyewo pfungwa youzivi haana chete. Panguva iyoyowo, kwechiSlavonic tsamba vanoumba yakaoma musoro-kwemasvomhu hurongwa. Achifananidza zvakawanwa, vaongorori vanogumisa kuti musangano akanyorwa chimiro chokutanga akasikwa sezvo rudzi RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA kuvamba, uye kwete sezvinoita chivakwa, izvo zvinoumba chikamu, kubudikidza kuwedzera itsva siyana. Interesting zviratidzo, rwaiumbwa kwechiSlavonic Alphabet. Vazhinji vavo vatambi, nhamba. Mugore Cyrillic arufabheti ndiyo zvinyorwa zvakare kunyora hurongwa. The Old Church kwechiSlavonic arufabheti aiva tsamba 43. 24 vatambi dzakatorwa kuzvitendero zvinyorwa zvakare, 19 - vaiva itsva. Chokwadi chokuti mutauro wechiGiriki haana nemitinhimira, vakanga panguva iyoyo Slavs. Saizvozvowo, tsamba chiratidzo asina zvakafanana. Saka, chikamu vatambi vatsva, 19, yave akakweretwa zvimwe kunyora hurongwa, uye vamwe - akasikwa zvakananga Constantine.

"Yepamusorosoro" uye chikamu "akaderera"

Kana kutarira zvose izvi kunyora hurongwa, zvinogona migove miviri zvakajeka zvokuti govera, zvikuru zvakasiyana mumwe. Conventionally, chikamu chokutanga rainzi "yepamusoro" uye wechipiri, ukuwo, "yakaderera". In Group 1 rinosanganisira tsamba A-F ( "DS" - "Pert"). Ndivo pakarongwa mazwi, zviratidzo. Zvazvinoreva akavaziva chero Slav. chikamu "Lower" yamavambo, "naBhaasha" uye rinopera "izhitsa". Izvi vanotaurwa havana Numeric ukoshi uye akatakura nezvacho pachako. Kuti tinzwisise cryptography, hazvina kukwana chete kuona kwake zvishoma. Zvinofanira kuverengwa nokungwarira hunhu - nekuti mumwe nomumwe wavo akaisa Konstantin kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro core. Chii chinofananidzirwa nezviratidzo rakanga mangwanani Cyrillic arufabheti?

Meaning zvetsamba

"Az", "Beech", "kutungamirira" - tsamba idzi nhatu zvakanyorwa pakutanga emamiriro zviratidzo. Tsamba yokutanga yaiva "Az". I kuzvidyira muchimiro chisazitasingwi "I". Asi mudzi zvinoreva chiratidzo ichi ndiwo mashoko akadai sokuti "kutanga", "vanotanga", "kutanga". Zvinyorwa anogona kuwanikwa "Az" rinoreva nhamba "mumwe", "Az Endai Vladimir." Kana izvi zvichishandurwa sechiratidzo "kutangira muvare" (pakutanga). Tsamba iyi, saka, vakasarudza Slavs pfungwa kwouzivi chokuvapo kwavo, paakataura kuti hakuperi pasina pakutanga hapana chiedza pasina rima, hapana chakaipa asina kunaka. Chikuru muupenyu yakaiswa pamusoro nemamiriro kwenyika duality. Asiwo kwechiSlavonic arufabheti, chokwadi, akaita saizvozvo, uye rakakamurwa 2 zvikamu, sezvo pamusoro apa, "yepamusoro" (zvakanaka) uye "kudzika" (kunaka). 'Az "hwaienzanirana nhamba" 1 ", izvo zvaizoitawo aimiririra mavambo zvose zviri akanaka. Kudzidza zvenhamba vanhu, vaongorori vanoti vanhu vose vakanga vatova akakamurwa kunyange zvino shamisa. Pakazoti wokutanga chokuita chinhu asina kunaka, uye wechipiri kunofananidzwa chinhu chakanaka, nematsvukutsvuku, yakanaka.

"Haniel"

Tsamba iyi yakatevera "Az". "Haniel" aiva kusanganiswa ukoshi. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoreva ouzivi chiratidzo ichi kwakanga shoma zvikuru. "Haniel" - ndiko "kuva", "kuda". Kazhinji, yaishandiswa nokukurumidza nezvichazoitika. Somuenzaniso, "Bodie" - iri "ngazvive", "remangwana" - "kuuya", "ramangwana". Aya mashoko yekare Slavs akaratidza pekusadziviririka zviitiko zveramangwana. Panguva iyoyowo, vanogona kuva zvose zvinotyisa uye kwakakwidibira, uye hwakanaka uye wakanaka. Hazvizivikanwi chaizvo nei tsamba yechipiri Konstantin kusanganiswa ukoshi hakuna kupiwa. Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanodavira kuti izvi zvingava zvakafanira kuti unoreva zvakawanda chetsamba pacharo.

"Kutungamirira"

chiratidzo ichi ndicho chatinonyanya kufarira. "Kutungamirira" anoenderana kufunga 2. inosimbisa vatambi, se "tenzi", "ziva", "ziva". Kuisa nezvaanoreva chakadaro "kutungamirira", Konstantin tacit ruzivo - sechipo mukuru naMwari. Uye kana iwe wedzera kukwira wokutanga matatu vatambi, chiuyai mashoko okuti "Ndichaenda kuziva." Constantine Izvi aida kuratidza kuti munhu anovhura arufabheti, ipapo wana zivo. Zvinofanira akati pamusoro kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mutoro "kutungamirira." "2" - vaviri, vaviri akatora rutivi siyana zvemashiripiti tsika, uye kazhinji inoratidza duality zvose zvepanyika uye vokudenga. "Vaviri," zvaireva kuti Slavs pamwe wedenga nenyika. Uyezve, mufananidzo uyu inomirira duality murume pachake - kuvapo zvakanaka uye zvakaipa mairi. Nemamwe mashoko, '2' - iri kuramba nebope pakati mapato. Tinofanira kuonawo kuti "mbiri" haazobvumiri nhamba radhiabhori - zvakanzi vaiti ehupfumi zhinji dzisina kunaka. Zvaidavirwa kuti akanga iye uyo akazarura akatevedzana kunaka nhamba, akatakura rufu munhu. Mundima iyi, kuzvarwa kwemapatya Somuenzaniso, kwainzi semhanza zvakaipa, mutakuri chirwere uye nenhamo inotenderedza. Zvaionekwa munyama achazunungusa paucheche mbiri, akaparadza jira kuti vanhu vaviri, uye kazhinji kuita chinhu pamwe chete. Zvisinei, kunyange vose akaipa unhu vanhu "mbiri" kuziva mashiripiti ehupfumi. Uye tsika dzakawanda akapindwa mapatya kana akafanana zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kudzinga midzimu yakaipa.

Zviratidzo sezvinoita shoko rakavanzika vazukuru

All kwechiSlavonic tsamba - uppercase. Ipapo shanduro yokutanga maviri akanyorwa kutaurwa - repamusoro uye lowercase - vakanga hwakatangwa Peter Mukuru muna 1710, gore. Kana ukatarira kupinda Old kwechiSlavonic arufabheti - kukosha tsamba-mashoko zvikurukuru - zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa kuti Constantine aiva kwete kunyora hurongwa, uye vakaedza kubudisa anokosha kuvazukuru. Somuenzaniso, kana ukaisa zvimwe zviratidzo unogona kuwana mashoko didactic hunhu:

"Budisa rechiito" - anoti dzidziso;

"Achisimbisa Ouk" - kunosimbisa mutemo;

"Rtsy Shoko Zvikukutu" - unotaura shoko rechokwadi, etc.

Order uye manyorerwo chiratidzo

Vatsvakurudzi munyaya kudzidza arufabheti, tichifunga kuti rokutanga, mashoko "chikuru" chikamu kubva kumaonero maviri. Chokutanga, mumwe nemumwe ari kuwedzera haizopereri mugomba zvahunoreva mutsara. Izvi zvinogona kunzi asiri anongoitika mapatani zvichida yagadzirwa kuti nyore uye nokukurumidza nomusoro arufabheti. Mukuwedzera, negadziriro zviratidzo zvakanyorwa anogona kunzi kubva pfungwa nemaonero kwenhamba. Mushure ose tsamba nhamba dzinoenderana zvakanga akarongwa vachikwira kuti. Saka, "Az" - A - 1, - 2, ipapo R - 3, ipapo D - 4 uye mberi gumi. Makumi akatanga "K". Dzakanyorwa akafanana murayiro anokwana zviyero 10: 20, ipapo 30, etc. 100. Pasinei nokuti tsamba dzakanyorwa kwechiSlavonic pamwe mapatani, vane nyore uye nyore. vatambi vose zvakakwana wakanyatsokodzera kuti kurzive kunyora. Kazhinji, vanhu havana matambudziko nomufananidzo mabhii.

Kukura akanyorwa mabhii System

Kana tikaenzanisa Yekare Church uye arufabheti ano, unogona kuona kuti 16 tsamba vakarasika. Cyrillic uye nhasi rinoita ruzha nziyo Russian nemashoko. Izvi anonyanya yakafanira kudaro unopinza siyana pamusoro nemamiriro necheSalvic uye mitauro Russian. Zvinofadza kuti muna kwegadziriro Cyrillic arufabheti Constantine akatora Nyatsoongorora phonemic (inzwi) mukukurukurirana. The Old Church kwechiSlavonic arufabheti akanga wakapindwa nomwe Greek mabhii zvakanyorwa pakutanga zvisingakoshi nokuda kwemashoko machemero mutauro Old kwechiSlavonic: "naOmega", "Xi" "psi" "vaFiristiya" "izhitsa". Uyezve, nyika chipo maviri vatambi kuridza utsinye "uye", uye "z" munyika: rechipiri - "zvikuru" uye "pasi", nokuti pakutanga - "uye" uye "ilk". uku yakanyanya okushamisira. The nechekuita mukugarisana tsamba idzi vari arufabheti kwaiva nechokwadi kuti mataurirwo emashoko kutaura chiGiriki rinonzwika mumashoko akakweretwa kubva pairi. Asi ruzha ichiitwa Russian nzira yakare. Naizvozvo, tinofanira kushandisa izvi zviratidzo zvakanyorwa pakupedzisira anyangarika. Zvinokoshawo aiva Kuchinja kushanda uye kukosha tsamba "EP" ( "b") uye "VaEf '(s). Pakutanga, vakanga kushandiswa kureva attenuated (akaderedzwa) matsi nzvanyira: "b" - anofungidzirwa kuti "pamusoro", "s" - anofungidzirwa kuti "e". Nokufamba kwenguva, simba rinyerere mavhawero vakatanga kunyangarika (izvi anonzi "akawira matsi"), uye zviratidzo izvi vari kugamuchira mamwe mabasa.

mhedziso

nevafungi vazhinji vakaona ari digitaalinen mabhii akanyorwa pasi nheyo vatatu vatatu, nepakati yomudzimu, iyo rinosvika murume pakutsvaka yake chokwadi, chiedza, kunaka. Kudzidza arufabheti pamwe kwazvo zvinokosha ayo, vaongorori vakawanda vanogumisa kuti Constantine akasiya kuvazukuru inokosha yokusika, achidanidzira kuti kuzvidzora uvandudze, uchenjeri uye rudo, kudzidzisa, tichidzivisa rima mudungwe munzira ruvengo, shanje, ruvengo, zvakaipa.