Vafambi vemazuva ano uye zvavakawana

Zvinoratidzika kuti nguva dzevatsvaga dzatopfuura, hapana mavara machena akasara pamepu. Asi zvinoshanduka, uye mazuva ano zvinokwanisika kufamba, kudzidza makona asina kuzivi enyika. Regai makondinendi ose uye zvitsuwa zvatovhurwa, regai nzvimbo dziri kure uye dzisingawanikeke dzionekwe kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, uye pfungwa yekufungisisa yevanhu inoisa mabasa matsva uye inogadzirisa, inoronga kufamba. Ndivana ani, ivo vanofamba mazuva ano vezana remakore rechi21?

Mazita evashambadzi vemazuva ano

Apo patinoyeuka mapiyona akakurumbira, pamwe chete naColumbus mukuru, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen, Lazarev nevamwe, tinotaura nezvevanhu venguva yedu. Mazita aCousteau, Heyerdahl, Senkevich, Konyukhov nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vanonzwika semhando yekuongorora nyika yedu. Vafambi vemazuva ano uye zvakawanikwa zvavo muenzaniso wakanaka wokutevedzera.

Jacques Yves Cousteau

Cousteau ndiye nyanzvi yeanceanologist, musayendisiti wechiFrench-muongorori. Uyu ndiye murume akawana pasi pemvura pasi pevanhu. Yakanga iri maoko ake akaita magirasi okudhakwa, yekutanga scuba gear, yakagadzirirwa neyoyo yekutanga yezvesayenzi iyo inodzidza pasi pakadzika. Ane mafirimu ekutanga akafuridzirwa pasi pemvura.

Kwenguva yokutanga munhu akakwanisa kufamba akasununguka mumutsetse wemvura uye kunyura kusvika pakadzika mamita 90. Pasi peutungamiri veCousteau, kufamba kwekutanga kwemvura kwakarongeka. Pakutanga kwaiva kutsvakurudza kwekuchera matongo pamusoro pegungwa rezasi uye kufonera mafirimu pakadzika kwemakiromita akawanda.

Apo Cousteau akasika "saucer iri pasi pemvura" - mini-submarine, mikana yekudzidza muromo wemvura yakawedzera zvinoshamisa. Kuenderera mberi kwaiva nekugadzirwa kwemasayenzi ezvesayenzi pasi pemvura pasi pemazuva, apo vafambi vezuva ranhasi vairarama kwemwedzi inoverengeka uye vanogona kutarisisa zvakananga mugungwa.

Mugumisiro wemakore ekushanda kweKusto pakudzidza pasi pepasi pemvura waiva mabhuku nemafirimu aizivikanwa zvikuru: "Munyika yekunyarara," "Nyika isina zuva," nyanzvi dzakanzi "Underwater Odyssey Cousteau." Kubva muna 1957, akatungamira Oceanographic Museum muMonaco. Muna 1973 "Cousteau Society for the Protection of Marine Nature" yakavakwa.

Pakati pezvikomborero zvake zvinokudzwa, akafunga Mutemo weRegion of Honor. Cousteau akafa muna 1997 muParis.

Kurwendo Heyerdahl

Iri zita rinowanzwisirwa kune ani zvake ari kunyange zvishoma anofarira kufamba. Kurwendo Heyerdahl yakave yakakurumbira pamishandirapamwe emvura yakaitwa kuitira kuratidza maonero ake ekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika.

Heyerdahl ndiye aiva wokutanga kusimbisa pfungwa yokuti zvitsuwa zvePolynesia zvinogona kugarwa nevanhu vanobva kuSouth America. Kuti aratidze pfungwa iyi, vafambi vemazuva ano pasi peutungamiri hwake vakaita rwendo rusingambofungidzirwi rwebarsa raft ye "Kon-Tiki" mhiri kwePacific Ocean. Zvakakunda makiromita zviuru gumi mumazuva 101, rwendo rwacho rwakasvika kuzvitsuwa zveTuamotu. Panguva imwecheteyo, raft yakaramba ichigadzirisa, uye dai yakanga isiri yedutu, inogona kunge yasvika kumhenderekedzo yeAsia.

Zvadaro zvakatevera zvikepe pamabhazi e "Ra" uye "Ra-2", umo muvakidzani vedu Yuri Sienkevich vakatora chikamu. Chikepe "Tigris", rwendo rwacho rwaifanira kuratidzira kukwanisa kwekubatana pakati peMesopotamiya neIndia yepasi, yakapiswa neboka rinopikisana nemauto ehondo kubva kumhenderekedzo yeDibibiti, uye kufamba kwacho kwakanga kusiri kupera.

Heyerdahl haana kubvumirana nenyika yezvidzidzo pane zvakawanda uye akaisa pfungwa dzake pachake. Kwemakore akawanda akadzidza zvakavanzika zveIsita Island, kunyanya mhedzisiro yemifananidzo yakavezwa dombo. Rwendo rwacho rwakanga ruchireva kuti zvifananidzo zvikuru izvi zvingagadzirwa uye zvinounzwa panzvimbo iyo nevaAorigines vechitsuwa chacho, chakanga chisina zvombo zvemazuva ano zvekutengesa mabwe nemotokari. Uye migumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwake yaifunga, kunyange zvisingazivikanwi nemasayendisiti akawanda.

Kubva pamakakatanwa eHeyerdahl theories, tinocherechedzawo shanduro pamusoro pekubatana pakati peVikings nevagari veCaucasus neAzov. Akatenda kuti maViking aibva kuNorth Caucasus. Asi kuti aratidze chirevo ichi chairambidzwa nerufu muna 2002.

Mabhuku aHeyerdahl mazhinji pamibvunzo yake pamusoro pekuongorora nyika uye kufamba, mafirimu mafirimu pamusoro pavo, achiri kufadza uye kufadza kune chero munhu upi zvake.

Yuri Senkevich

Mumwe mufambiro wemazuva ano weRussia uye purogiramu yeTV yakakurumbira muRussia, "Travel Club", muongorori wemapurisa, akapinda mu 12 Soviet Antarctic Expedition.

Muna 1969, pane sangano rekuenda kune Ra, Heyerdahl akanyorera tsamba kuChikemy of Sciences yeU.SR ichimukoka kuti atore muchiremba ane murairo wakanaka weChirungu, ane ruzivo rwekufamba uye kufara. Chisarudzo chakawira paSenkevich. Anofara uye achifara, ane tariro maonero ehupenyu uye unyanzvi hwehutano, Yuri akakurumidza kuva shamwari naHeyerdahl nedzimwe nhengo dzeboka.

Pakupedzisira, vave vachingobatanidzwa mukufambisa kweNorway yakakurumbira. Vakawanda vanotsvakurudza Heyerdahl vakazozivikanwa neSoviet TV maona zvino nekuda kweterevhizheni, yakaitwa naUri Sienkiewicz. "Club Kinoputeshestviy" yakave yakawanda kune zindo munyika, zvichibvumira kuziva nzvimbo dzinonakidza dzenyika. Vatenzi vekufambisa vaiva vafambi vemazuva ano: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Jacek Palkiewicz, Carlo Mauri nevamwe vazhinji.

Sienkiewicz akabatanidzwa mubatsiro rezvokurapa kwekuenda kune North North uye Mount Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich akafa muna 2006 pamusangano weiyo uterevhizheni.

Tim Severin

Vakawanda vemazuva ano vanofamba vachidzokorora nzira dzevafambisi vezvikepe uye mapiyona ekare. Mumwe wevakakurumbira zvikuru - British Tim Severin.

Rwendo rwekutanga rwaakaita mumakwara aMarco Polo pamakumbo. Mushure mokubva Venice, Severin neshamwari dzake vakayambuka nechepasi peAsia yose ndokusvika kumiganhu yeChina. Pano rwendo rwaifanira kupedzeredzwa, sezvo mvumo yekushanyira nyika yakanga isina kugamuchirwa. Zvadaro zvakatevera chidzidzo cheRwizi rwaMisissippi (pairi kufamba nechikepe nechikepe uye motokari chikepe). Rwendo rutsva runotevera riri pedyo nemugwagwa waSt. Brendan mhiri kweAtlantic Ocean.

Akafuridzirwa neevventures yeSinbad mubati wenyika, Severin akaita shanduko kubva kuOman kuenda kuChina pane ngarava, achitarisa pane nyeredzi chete. Muna 1984, Severin neboka revarume makumi maviri nevaviri vakadzokorora nzira yeArgonauts kuColchis (Western Georgia). Uye gore raitevera akafamba mumakwara eOudysseus kubva mundima isingafi inozivikanwa yeHomer.

Aya ndiwo maitiro eSeverin chete. Pazviitiko zvake, akanyora mabhuku anofadza, uye nokuda kwe "Chirwere cheSinbad" yakapiwa mukurumbira weTen Cook Cook.

Vafambi vemazuva ano vezana remakore rechi21

Pasinei nekuti muzana remakore rechi21 riri mudivi, mweya wekuda zvekufamba uye kufamba hauna kufa. Uye zvino kune vanhu vasingagari pamba mukunyaradza, vanokwezva kune vasingazive, vasingazivi.

Pakati pavo kune vafambi vemazuva ano veRussia. Zvichida mukurumbira wavo ndeye Fedor Konyukhov.

Fedor Konyukhov

Zita rake rinowanzowedzerwa "kutanga". Akanga ari wekutanga weRussia kushanyira matanda matatu ePasi: North, South uye Everest. Wekutanga paPasi akakunda mapuranga mashanu - kune avo vekare akawedzerwa Pfungwa Yekusakwanisa kuAntarctica neCape Horn, inofungidzirwa yakadai kune yachtsmen. Wokutanga weRussia akakunda "Makumi Makumi" - akakwira kumusoro kwepamusoro pemakondinendi ose, achitarisa Europe neAsia zvakasiyana.

Panhoroondo yake, mafambiro akawanda, kunyanya akaoma. Konyukhov akaita nzendo ina kumativi ose enyika pane yendeji. Nhengo yekutendeuka kwechikepe "USSR - North Pole - Canada."

Mabhuku ake anoverengwa mune imwe mweya. Uye mune zvirongwa zvemangwana - rwendo rwepasi-ye-nyika mubhaluni.

Dmitry Shparo

Nenguva isipi gadzirisa: iri muongorori wepollar uye anoongorora. Kudzoka muna 1970 iye akatungamira kuenda kune zvitsuwa zveKomsomolskaya Pravda. Makore matatu gare gare akazoenda kuTaimyr achitsvaga imba yekuchengetedzwa kwemuzivikanwi anozivikanwa wepollar Edward Toll. Muna 1979, pasi peutungamiri hwake, rwendo rwekutanga rwenyika pamusoro pezvisikwa kuNorth Pole rakaitwa.

Imwe yemapurogiramu akakurumbira ndeye kuCanada kuburikidza neArctic Ocean sechikamu chekubatana kweSoviet-Canadian expedition.

Muna 1998 akayambuka Bering Strait nemwanakomana wake . Muna 2008 akaronga mafambi maviri kuNorth Pole. Mumwe wavo anozivikanwa nekubudirira kwekutanga kwekutanga kweputi pa skis usiku. Uye muchipiri, vechidiki vane makore 16-18 vakatora chikamu.

Dmitry Shparo ndiye mutongi weAventure Club. Sangano rinotungamirira marathons munharaunda yenyika nekubatanidzwa kwevanhu vakasungirirwa kumagetsi evanhu vanorwara. Iyo yakakurumbira ndeyokumanikidzwa kwenyika yose kuKazbek wheelchair evalids kubva kuTranscaucasia, Norway neRussia.

Vafambi vemazuva ano

Nzvimbo yekufamba kwemazuva ano yakazara zvikuru. Kunyanya, izvi hazvinyatsotsvakurwi uye zvakaoma kusvika kune nzvimbo dzepasi. Iyi mishandirapamwe inowanzoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, achida kukanganisa kwemasimba ose.

Zvechokwadi, mune imwe nyaya zvakaoma kuvhara mazita ose. Anatoly Khizhnyak, achitsvakurudza madzinza asina kudzidza mumasango eAmazambique nePapua New Guinea ... Naomi Uemura, iye oga aifamba nenzira yeNorth Pole, akapfuura neAngland, akakunda Mont Blanc, Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Aconcugua, Everest ... Reinhold Messner, murume wokutanga , Vakakwira kune vose vane gumi nemasere ezviuru zvenyika ... Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kunyora bhuku rakasiyana. Zviratidzo zvavo zvinokurudzira chizvarwa chechidiki chevatambi.