Thor Heyerdahl: mabhuku, kufamba uye Biography. Ndiani Thor Heyerdahl?

Tinopa nhasi tinyatsoziva imwe yakakurumbira vanhu XX remakore - Thor Heyerdahl. ANODZIDZA ichi Norwegian nomukurumbira kuvonga nyika kuti dzakaitwa zvekumwe nzvimbo uye mabhuku akawanda vakazvipira nzendo dzake uye tsvakurudzo. Uye kana vazhinji vatinonamata vagari vanoziva mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti ndiani Thor Heyerdahl, zvose zvoupenyu hwake pachake uye nyanzvi ruzivo shoma. Saka, tinotarisa murume mukuru uyu pedyo.

Thor Heyerdahl: photo, pauduku

musayendisiti The ramangwana nyika-mukurumbira uye mufambi, akaberekwa musi October 6, 1914 mune rimwe guta duku rinonzi Norwegian Larvik. Zvinofadza kuti mumhuri Heyerdahl yainzi vanakomana ainzi Tour. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti vaviri musoro wemhuri - muridzi bhurure, uyewo amai - anthropological vashandi Museum, muchato wavo aiva wechitatu mumutsetse, uye uine vana vanomwe, raiva mwanakomana muduku, kwakasarudzwa zita mhuri wemunda rwokuparidza. Baba, kana akanga ane murume akwegura kare (panguva yokuberekwa mwanakomana wake akanga ava nemakore 50 okuberekwa), vane zvakakwana zvinhu uye nomufaro mukuru kuti akaenda Europe. In ake nzendo aibvisa uye mukomana. Amai aidawo Tour uye kwete chete kugeza naye rudo uye kutarisirwa, asiwo kuita dzidzo yake. Zviri ngaavongwe kwaari, mukomana akapepuka mangwanani chaizvo kufarira zvemhuka. nechido kwakadaro uye kukurudzirwa vabereki zvakatungamirira kuti Thor Heyerdahl akasika chiduku musha Zoological Museum, kupfuura kuyevedza zviratidzwa raiva stuffed semvumbi. Zvakanga pano, uye zvakawanda zvinhu dzinonakidza, vakauya vachibva kunyika kure. Saka hazvishamisi kuti vanhu vakakokwa vauye mhuri Heyerdahl kwete kapu yetii, asi vashoma rwavakaita.

youth

Abva chikoro muna 1933, Thor Heyerdahl akapinda University of Oslo ari zoological dhipatimendi, kuti hapana hama yake havana kushamiswa. Pandaidzidza kuyunivhesiti, chose nguva yakawanda kufarira zvemhuka, asi zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kudzidzawo uye zvekare tsika uye mararamiro. Zvaive munguva iyi kuti akasvika pakugumisa kuti murume ano takanganwa pamusoro nemakore tsika nemirairo, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira akatevedzana chavo chokuuraya hama hondo. Nenzira, the Tour akaita rakaramba chivimbo mariri kusvikira pakupedzisira kwazvo maminitsi hwake.

Link to kutsvakatsvaka

Panopera semesters nomwe Heyerdahl kuwana kufinhikana payunivhesiti. Pashure pezvose, panguva iyoyo akanga atova Encyclopedic zvechokwadi ruzivo, vamwe vakagamuchira kubva kuvabereki vavo, uye vamwe nokuenzanisa kuburikidza nekubvunza kudzidza siyana nyaya. Anoda kuita tsvakurudzo yavo uye rwendo kure zvekumwe muzvitsuwa. The zvakawanda nokuti shamwari dzake uye vatsigiri Hjalmar Broch uye Christine Bonnevie, uyo akasangana panguva rwendo Berlin, vaida kubatsira musangano iri rwendo kune vokuPolynesia zviwi kuziva sei kungava vamiririri fauna of vagere panzvimbo idzi nhasi. Sezvineiwo, rwendo urwu yaiva duku musayendisiti harisi chete inonakidza kutsika, asiwo munhu hanimunu. Pashure pezvose, pamberi kuenda Thor Heyerdahl akaroorwa mudzidzi ari rorusununguko Economics - runako Liv Coucheron Thorpe. Liv ndiye adventuress, kufanana nomurume. Muchiitiko chino, hazvina chete pamwe tichiona rwendo rwake, asi akanga mutevedzeri akatendeka, sepakutanga peruse zvakawanda mabhuku zvemhuka uye Polynesia.

Rwendo Fatu Hiva

Somugumisiro, muna 1937, Thor Heyerdahl wake Liv akaenda pamhenderekedzo vokuPolynesia pachitsuwa Fatu Hiva kure. Ikoko akadzidza kurarama mu dzomusango, kusangana vanhu vemo uye kuita kwesainzi. Zvisinei, pakazopera gore, vaviri aifanira kukanganisa rwendo rwake. Chokwadi chokuti Tour akaita akasimudza chirwere yakati ngozi, asi Liev pamuviri. Naizvozvo, muna 1938, vaongorori vaduku akadzokera Norway. yakapera saka rwendo rokutanga kunozivikanwa Heyerdahl. On rwendo urwu, akati mubhuku rake "In Search muParadhiso", rakabudiswa muna 1938. Muna 1974, kuti Tour akabudisa rakawedzerwa shanduro basa iri, yainzi "Fatu Hiva."

Kuenda Canada

Mwedzi mishomanana pashure vadzoka kubva Fatu Khiva Liv akabereka mwanakomana, uyo akapiwa zita tsika rwokuparidza mhuri. Pashure rimwe gore, vaviri akaberekwa wechipiri mwanakomana - Björn. Musoro wemhuri achishandira kwesayenzi, asi zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kutora vanhu vakawanda, kwete mhuka. Saka, iye akaenda rePolynesia musayendisiti, wemhuka, nezvevanhu, akazodzokera kumusha kwake. Chinangwa chake chitsva kwakanga kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti sei vaInca vekare vaigona kuwana kubva America kusvika Polynesia. Kana pamwe zvakanga hazviwanzodaro? Saka Heyerdahl akafunga zvokuenda Canada, kunzvimbo maIndia akararama kare. Aitarisira kuti pangangodaro achengetedzwe tsika yekare vafambisi. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti Tour akaita akafamba kumadokero Canada, akanga asina kukwanisa kuwana zvakakodzera ruzivo.

Hondo Yenyika II

Munguva rwendo, Heyerdahl in Canada, Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga. Somunhu Patriot wechokwadi, Tour aida kudzivirira nyika yokumusha kwavo pamusoro muvengi. Kuti aite izvi, akatamira kuUnited States uye wechi ari muchiuto. Munguva yehondo, mhuri Heyerdahl akararama pakutanga muna US, uye akabva atamira muUK.

Kuenda Thor Heyerdahl: rwendo "Kon-Tiki"

Muna 1946, musayendisiti anofarira pfungwa itsva: aidavira kuti munguva dzekare, American vokuIndia vaigona kushambira kuzvitsuwa zviri muPacific Ocean pamusoro igwa. Pasinei kusafarira kudivi dzekare, Tour anoronga pakundopambara inonzi "Kon-Tiki" uye kuratidza ake mhosva. Pashure pezvose, iye chikwata chake akakwanisa pamusoro igwa kubva kuPeru kuti Taumotu zvitsuwa yezvitsuwa. Sezvineiwo, masayendisiti akawanda vakaramba kutenda zvachose yokuti rwendo chero kusvikira taona filmed mune inonzi firimu iri rwendo. Kumusha, Heyerdahl akarambwa wake mudzimai Liv, uyo pasina akaroorwa akapfuma American. Zviratidzwa iri mwedzi mishoma gare gare anoroorwa Yvonne Dedek-Simonsen, uyo gare gare akamuberekera navanasikana vatatu.

Rwendo Easter Island

Heyerdahl aisambogona kugara achiri kwenguva refu panzvimbo imwe. Saka, muna 1955 akaronga matongo rwendo kuna Easter Island. Chaiva matongo nyanzvi kubva Norway. Munguva rwendo ari Tour nevamwe vake ichiitwa mishoma pachitsuwa, kusora rinokosha matongo nzvimbo. Ainyanya basa ravo mari kuveza kuedza, kufamba uye kugadzwa vakakurumbira moai yakanyungudutswa. Mukuwedzera, vatsvakurudzi muzvirongwa paicherwa matongo uplands uye Poike Orongo. Maererano migumisiro basa ravo, nhengo rwendo zvakabudisa nhamba nyaya kwesayenzi kuti nheyo pakudzidza Easter Island, inoramba nhasi. Uye Thor Heyerdahl, vane mabhuku avo nguva dzose rakabudirira, akanyora imwe Bestseller vanoda "Aku-Aku".

"Ra" uye "Ra II"

Mukupera 60-ies pamusoro Thor Heyerdahl akava kufarira pfungwa gungwa rwendo muchikepe nenhokwe. Muna 1969, ivo indefatigable aiongorora nechikepe kune vanodhirowa veIjipiti yekare projected pamusoro muchikepe inonzi "Ra" iri rwendo mhiri Atlantic. Zvisinei, nokuda ndechokuti watercraft rave zvakagadzirwa muEtiopiya tsanga, rakakurumidza vakanaka yanyatisa, kukonzera nhengo rwendo aifanira kudzoka.

Papera gore Next chikepe wechipiri pamusoro pemvura, rinonzi "Ra II». It kunyorwa kwenyaya kufungisisa yapfuura zvikanganiso. Thor Heyerdahl vakabudirira kamwe zvakare, chikepe kubva Morocco kuna Barbados. Nokudaro aikwanisa kuratidza yose masayendisiti, kuti vengarava vekare vaigona kushambira mhiri gungwa pasi nechikepe, vachishandisa Canary Current. Rwendo "Ra II» zvaisanganisira vamiririri vanobva munyika dzakasiyana, pakati raiva akakurumbira mufambi Soviet Yuri Senkevich.

"Tigirisi"

Zvinozivikanwa uye mumwe Thor Heyerdahl chikepe inonzi "Tigirisi". The mutsvakurudzi akavaka ichi zvinoyangarara dzamaoko ipwa muna 1977. rwendo nzira vakabva Iraq kusvika pamhenderekedzo Pakistan uye ipapo muGungwa Dzvuku. Nokuda kwaizvozvi gungwa rwendo, Thor Heyerdahl akaratidza mukana nokuvapo wezvokutengeserana uye yokutama vokukurukura pakati Mesopotamia uye Indian budiriro. Pakapera mutsvakurudzi rwendo akapisa chikepe chake kutsutsumwa pamusoro zvechiuto chiito.

A nesimba mutsvakurudzi

Thor Heyerdahl nguva dzose vaida ushingi. Handina kuzvishandura pachako makore 80. Saka, muna 1997, kusangana neshamwari yekare akaenda compatriot yedu, uye nhengo rwendo "Ra II» - Yuri Senkevich. Sezvo chikamu chirongwa chacho "Club Travelers '", iye akaratidza vateereri kwaanogara Thor Heyerdahl. The gamba nyaya anoudzwa nezvezvirongwa ake akawanda, pakati yaiva imwe rwendo kuenda Easter Island.

mumakore achangodarika

Thor Heyerdahl, ane Biography akanga akapfuma kwazvo nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana uye hedonistic akaramba achishingaira kunyange akwegura kwazvo zera. Izvi zvinoshandawo upenyu hwake pachake. Saka, muna 1996, ava nemakore 82, mumwe mudzidzi inozivikanwa uye mutsvakurudzi wakarambwa mudzimai wake wechipiri uye akawanikwa mutambi French Zhaklin bir. Pamwe nomudzimai wake akatamira Tenerife, apo akatenga neimba hombe, akavaka emakore anopfuura matatu apfuura. Pano anonakidzwa mubindu kunyange vakaomerera kuti zvakanaka zvipenyu kuwana nayo.

Akafa mukuru Thor Heyerdahl muna 2002 ndiine makore 87 kubva bundu muuropi. Mumazuva okupedzisira nguva hwake, akanga akapoteredzwa mudzimai wake wechitatu nevana vavo vashanu.