Nguvo dzemaEurope enyika - tsika dzekupedzisira dzeMiddle Ages

Heraldry mune maitiro ayo inonzwisiswa munyika yanhasi, yakatanga kuEurope. Maoko okutanga akaonekwa akapoteredza mazana emakore XI-XII sechiratidzo chavo chevamiri vevakuru vehondo. Nekunetseka kwezvisungo munharaunda uye kukurudzirwa kwechihedheni, tsika yekureva hukama hwemagariro evanhu nenzira iyi inowanikwa zvikuru. Zvaiva nemaoko aivepo kune vose vamiririri vevanhu vakanaka, kusanganisira vakadzi, vapirisita, vatengesi vakura uye kunyange vamwe vanhu vanoita zvakanaka.

Muzana remakore rechiXIV, zviratidzo zvehupenzi zvinowanikwa mumasangano, maguta uye nharaunda. Mushure memamwe zana remakore, munguva yekupera kweMiddle Ages, zvombo zvekutanga zvehurumende zvinowanikwa. Hazvibviri kutsanangura musi chaiwo wekuonekwa kwechiratidzo chehurumende, nokuti chimiro chavo chakachinja nguva dzose. Majoka emazuva ano emaEurope akatevedza zviratidzo zvechirume zvemadzimambo uye anofanidza nhoroondo yavo netsika.

Mafomu uye maitiro ezvokudzivirira zvidziviriro

Chinhu chinokosha chejasi chero ripi zvaro ndiro nhovo - chigadzirwa chinyorwa chinotakura zvigadziro zvezviratidzo mberi. Mharidzo yepamutemo inoparadzanisa maitiro ayo anotevera:

• French - quadrangular nekunyorera kwepakati pezasi.
• Varangian - triangular uye dzakanyatsogadzika mativi.
• Sipanishi - yakafanana neFrench, asi ine rutivi rwezasi.
• Italiyana - mhou.
• Germanic - triangular with cut edges.

Iko kune zvidziviriro zvekunyepedzera zvemaodzanyemba, zvigadziko kana oblique fomu, inherent, sekutonga, masangano enyika kana maguta-city.

Kudzokorora kwemaawa ehurumende kunoratidza kuti kazhinji maoko emaEuropeti anogara pane zvombo zveFrance fomu. Izvi zvakashandurawo nguva dzose. Semuenzaniso, chiratidzo cheBrithani muzana remakore rechiXIX chakanga chiri pachidziro cheItaly, asi muzana remakore rakatevera akatamira ku Varangian.

Heraldic colors

Mavara anofukidza jasi rezvombo anonzi tinctures uye, maererano netsika yakaburuka kubva kuMiddle Ages, yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri:

1. Metare - ndarama nesirivha. Mumifananidzo, dzinofananidzwa nemashizha machena uye machena.

2. Enamel - enamel - tsvuku (ruvara rwepepuru), ruvara rwepepuru (ruvara rwepepuru, ruvara rwepepuru), ruvara (ruvara), ruvara (ruvara) uye bhuruu (azure).

Rutivi rwakanyanya rwemavara rwakanga rwakarurama panguva yekuzvarwa kwemitambo yehupenyu. Mumazana gumi nemazana makumi maviri nemakumi matatu emakore mavara akanyorwa akanga asingakwanisi kuwanikwa ne "low estate", aisakwanisa kuwanikwa kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvepanyama.

Mukuwedzera, zvombo zvenyika dzeEurope zvinogona kusanganisira izvo zvinonzi furs kana feathers - kusanganiswa kwemavara uye maumbirwo, kuratidzira chiratidzo chinokosha chemasimba. Mukutanga kweMiddle Ages, pakanga pane tsika yeupholster nhoo dzaiva nehuni, uye shure kwekunge madzimambo akapfeka zvipfeko uye zvipfeko, zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari anokosha ematehwe kana squirrels. Tinctures "manhenga" pakati pehurumende dzehurumende haasangana, nokuti dzakaparidzirwa chete mukati mekuremekedza madzitateguru ehurumende dzeGermany uye kusvika kumazinga enyika haina kuuya.

Munhealdary hapana mitezo munhamba uye kuenzaniswa kwemavara. Chinhu bedzi pakusikwa chiratidzo chinorambidzwa kusungira eamel painamel kana simbi pasimbi, kunyange zvazvo vanogona kugara pamwe chete. Chiratidzo chisingawirirani nemutemo uyu hachizove chakadaro.

Heraldic figures

Sayenzi yejasi rezvombo inoparadzanisa zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa pamusoro peshango mumapoka akawanda:

1. Heraldic - geometric forms, kugovera nhoo muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Pakazara, kune gumi gumi zvinokosha:

• Pamusoro.
• Shongwe.
• Bhanti.
• The end.
• The sling.
• Rafters.
• Muchinjikwa.
• Border.
• Shield.
• Free part.

Heraldry inoziva marudzi akawanda ezvinyorwa zvepamusoro. Makore makumi maviri chete anozivikanwa pamitambo: Papal, Latin, Burgundy, Maltese, etc. KuEurope, chiratidzo ichi chinogona kuonekwa pamaoko eHungary, Greece, Switzerland, Iceland, Slovakia neSerbia.

Mukuwedzera, kune zvishoma zvishoma zvinowanikwa izvo zvisingawanzowanika muzviratidzo zvehurumende. Pakati pawo pane zvinyorwa zvitatu (wedge, point), quadrangular (square, shingle, rhombus), zvakapoteredza (bhora, semicircle, arc) uye mamiriro ezvinhu (mutambo wemutambo).

2. Hasi-heraldic - zvizere kana zvishoma zvidhori zvemifananidzo chaiye (zvakasikwa kana zvakasikwa nemunhu) kana nyika dzenhema. Nhamba yavo yakakura, uye kuunganidza kunowedzera zvinhu zvitsva. Pamaoko eEurope nyika kazhinji inoratidzira mhuka dzesango, shumba nemakondo. Zvisinei, maitiro avo akasiyana mune imwe yerudzi rwemufananidzo. Semuenzaniso, shumba dzinogona kumire kana dzinyere, dzive nekorona kana kubata munondo mumatanda avo. Chimwe chikara chine mhete nemuswe nemuchekave chinogona kuonekwa pamaoko eGreat Britain, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands, Latvia, Finland, Sweden neStonia. Asi pane dzimwe kusiyana kwechiratidzo cheNorway, ingwe inoratidzwa panzvimbo pane "mambo wemhuka".

Mamiriro akafanana nemakondo. Vanogona kuva nemhando yakasiyana uye maumbirwo emapapiro, muswe nemapapiro, chengetedza muromo uchizaruka kana wakavharwa. Pamusoro pezvombo zveRussia, Albania, Serbia neStenegro, shiri dzinofanirwa nemhuka dzakashambadza dzine 2 dzinotungamirira imwe neimwe, dzakashandurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nevanowanzogara nhaka yezvakaitika uye hukama hwakasimba mumazana emakore. Pamwewo (Austria, Germany, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic), makondo ane musoro mumwe uye kazhinji anowanikwa korona.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kune mahembe emaoko enyika dzeEurope iyo inosanganisira zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitiki. Kunyanya, chiratidzo cheIreland - denderedzwa yeGoogle Celp pamusana pebhuruu - haisiwani mune imwe nyika munyika. Nguwo yeBrasnia neHerzegovina inowanzovhiringidzika nechiratidzo cheEuropean Union nekuda kwechimiro chakafanana neyeredzi nyeredzi nyeredzi.

Kuratidzira zviratidzo zvemarudzi, maguta nenharaunda chikamu chinokosha chetsika uye mweya weEurope. Munyika yemazuva ano, ivo, pamwe chete neyekuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuvakwa, vanoyeuchidza vagari veEuro uye vatashanyi pamusoro pekuvapo kwe "amai vekare veEurope."