Nzvimbo dzekugara dzevanhu vemunyika (chithunzi)

Nzvimbo yevanhu yekugara inoratidza kuchena kwakasikwa. Pakutanga, chimiro cheimba chinouya kubva pane zvakasikwa. Iine chishuwo chemukati, senyuchi mitsvo, nenyuchi kana shell ye mollusc. Chimwe nechimwe chemaitiro ehupenyu uye tsika, upenyu hwemhuri uye hwewanano, uyezve, kuronga kwemadzinza - izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa mumakamuri makuru uye purogiramu yeimba - muimba yepamusoro, panzira, atrium, megaron, kenenate, chivanze, ginekei.

Kune nzvimbo gumi nemakumi mapfumbamwe nenzvimbo dzezvematunhu-tsika dzematunhu: Eastern Europe, West Central Europe, Central Asia-Kazakh, Caucasian, Central Asia, Siberia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, South-West Asia, South Asia, African Tropical, North Africa, Latin American, North America, Oceanic, Australia . Panguva imwe chete, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane dzimba dzaro. Muchikamu chino tichatarisa hugaro hwemarudzi hwevanhu vemunyika.

Eastern Europe Province

Inosanganisira nzvimbo dzinotevera: kuchamhembe uye pakati, Volgo-Kama, Baltic, kumaodzanyemba kumadokero. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti kumativi ekuchamhembe, hupfumi nehugaro hwekugara hwakavakwa pasi pedenga reimba. Muzasi, kakawanda kwaiva nemisha yehukuru hwakakura, asi zvivako zvepurazi zvaive zvakasiyana. Munzvimbo idzodzo apo pakange pasina matanda akakwana, rusvingo rwehuni nematombo rwakanga rwakaputirwa nevhu, ndokusvibiswa. Muzvivako zvakadai, sitofu yakagara iri pakati penyika.

West Central European Province

Yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu: Atlantic, North North, Mediterranean uye Central Europe. Tichifunga nezvekugara kwevanhu vemunyika, tinogona kutaura kuti munharaunda ino mapurisa ane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (circular, cumulus, scattered, rank-and-file) uye inoumbwa nemakona emakona. Fachwerk (dzimba dzimba) dzakapararira mukati-kati peEurope, ichidonha-kuchamhembe, matombo uye dombo - kumaodzanyemba. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mune zvehupfumi uye zvekugara zvinowanikwa pasi pedenga rega, uye muchipiri - zvinogadzirirwa zvakasiyana.

Central Asia-Kazakh province

Iyi purovhinzi inogara mumapani kumabvazuva kweGungwa reCaspian, makomo marefu uye masango e Pamir uye Tien Shan. Yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu: Turkmenistan (kumaodzanyemba kumadokero), Tajikistan uye Uzbekistan (kumabvazuva kwakadziva), Kyrgyzstan uye Kazakhstan (kuchamhembe). Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzetsika dzevanhu vemunyika muno pano zvivakwa zvitsva zvebukwata zvine denga rakadzika kumaodzanyemba, mumakomo - dzimba dzemadzimba, dzimba dzepamusoro-soro-mazita uye mazita emadhora-mairi yurts ane chifukidziro chakavanzika uye skeleton. Muchokuchamhembe kweimba vakawana simba revakabva kuRussia.

Provincia Caucasian

Iyi purovhinzi iri pakati peCaspian uye Black Seas kumaodzanyemba kweEast European Plain. Inobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikomo zveCaucasus, makomo emakomo uye makiromita, zvakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri: Caucasus neNorth Caucasus. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzevanhu vemunyika, mifananidzo iyo inogona kuonekwa munyaya ino, yakasiyana-siyana-kubva kumatombo edzimba uye dzimba-shongwe dzehuta (wattled) semi-earthworks nezvivako; MuAzerbaijan - Adobe single-storey dzimba dzine denga rakazara, masuo uye mahwindo muchivanze; Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweGeorgia - pane dzimba mbiri-dzimba dzakagadzirwa nematanda uye mabwe ane mabhakoni, gable kana denga rakadzika.

Province reSiberia

Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kweAsia uye inotora taiga, yakaoma mawere uye nzvimbo dzakawanda kubva kuPacific kusvika kuUrials. Misha iyi inotungamirirwa nemagwatire emakona emakona ane denga reimba, kumativi ekuchamhembe - dugouts, matambudziko, yarangas - kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, mahinji-angle yurts - pakati pemakungwa kumaodzanyemba.

Central Asia Province

Chirongwa ichi chinosvika kumagwenga ari munzvimbo inotonhorera (Takla-Makan, Gobi). Inofanira kuonekwa kuti kugara kwevanhu vemunyika kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Munzvimbo ino ivo vanomiririrwa nepeuro yurts (pakati peTurks neMongools), pamwe nematende emvere yeTibetan. IUighurs, chikamu cheTibetans, uyewo Izzu inotungamirirwa nemadzimba ane masvingo e-ashlar kana zvidhinha zvisikwa.

East Asia Province

Iyi nharaunda inosvika kunzvimbo yeKorea, kumapani eChina, pamwe chete nezviwi zveJapan. Dzimba idzi pano masaga-dzakapambwa neAdobe kuzadza, nedenga-yakadzika kana kuti denga rakadzika, iyo dzimwe dzimba dzetsika dzevanhu venyika haigoni kuzvirumbidza. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwepurovhinzi kubata zvivako zvinowanika, kumativi ekuchamhembe - kutsamwa kunogara.

South-East Asia Province

Izvi ndizvo zviwi zvePhilippines neIndonesia, uyewo Indochina Peninsula. Inosanganisira nzvimbo dzinotevera: East Indochina, East Indonesia, West Indochinese, West-Indonesian, uye Philippine. Dzimba dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana enyika dzinomiririrwa pano nemisasa yakagadzirwa nepamusoro pedenga uye masvingo mashoma.

South Asia Province

Inosanganisira Mahombekombe eDeccan, Gondes neIndus, makomo eAmaalaya kumativi ekumusoro, nzvimbo dzakasviba uye makomo akadzika kumadokero, Burmano Assam Mountains kumabvazuva, uye chitsuwa cheSri Lanka kumaodzanyemba. Mhando dzose dzehugaro hwevanhu vemunyika, mapikicha ezvinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino, nhasi inokonzera kufarira kwakanyanya vanyori vezvakaitika kare. Pano, kunyanya misha yeurongwa hwemigwagwa; Kazhinji kazhinji unogona kuwana zvidhinha kana adobe 2 uye 3-dzimba dzemadzimba, dzine denga rakakwirira kana rakadzika. Uyewo kune zvivako skeleton-pillar. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzebwe dziri mumakomo, uye madhimoni ane tende dzinofadza dzematehwe.

Dzimba dzevanhu vakasiyana-siyana vemunyika: province reNorth Africa

Inosvika kumhenderekedzo yeMediterranean, iyo yakadzika pasi penzvimbo dzeSahara, kuwedzera, oases kubva kuMaghreb kuenda kuEgypt. Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinozivikanwa: Maghreb, Egypt, Sudan. Vakagadziriswa varimi vane misha mikuru yakavakwa zvikuru. Pakati pavo mune musikiti, misika yemisika. Idzi dzimba dzakakoswa kana hutanda kubva pane zvidhinha, mbwe, adobe, ine patio uye denga rakadzika. Nomads vanogara mumatende matsvuku emvere. Kuparadzaniswa kwekugara kunoponeswa muhafu yevarume nevakadzi.

Dzimba dzePeoples of the World: South-West Asia Province

Iyi nharaunda inobata makomo nemaoasia uye makomo akaoma mumasango uye mumipata yemupata. Inoparidzirwa muIrish-Afghan, Asia Minor, Arabia, Mesopotamian-Syria nharaunda uye tsika. Misha yekumaruwa inowanikwa huru, ine misika yemukati, nzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa dzimba dzakaiswa zvidhinha, dombo kana adobe, ine chivanze uye denga rakadzika. Denga remukati rinosanganisira koshmy, makateti, makate.

North America Province

Inosanganisira taiga uye arctic tundra, Alaska, miriwo uye masango akadzikama, pamwe chete nemasitropic ari pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic. Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinozivikanwa: Canada, Arctic, North America. Munharaunda ino nyika yeEurope isati yasara inogara maIndia uye Eskimo chete ( kuchamhembe) vanhu. Mhando dzakakura dzimba dzakasiyana zvishoma kubva kune imwe, zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu. Mune vagari vemo, tsika dzekugara dzakafanana nenzira dzakawanda kuEurope.

African tropical province

Inosanganisira equatorial nzvimbo dzeAfrica nemasviki akaoma uye ane mhepo, masango ane mvura. Nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa: West-Central, West Africa, East African, Tropical, Madagascar island, South Africa. Misha yekumaruwa yakaparadzaniswa kana yakagadzikana, inosanganisira dzimba shoma-dzimba dzakapambwa dzine denderedzwa kana ruvara rwemasvingo. Akakombwa nezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvemari. Dzimwe nguva masvingo akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa kana yekununura.

Latin American Province

Inobata zvose zveCentral neSouth America. Nzvimbo dzakadai se: Mesoamerican, Caribbean, Amazonian, Andian, Moto-Nyika, Pampa. Vagari vomunharaunda vane ruvara rwemakona matatu, dzimba dzomukati imwechete dzakagadzirwa netsanga, matanda uye adobes, ine denga rakakwirira 2-kana 4.

Oceanian Province

Inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu: Polynesia (Polynesians uye Maori), Micronesia neMelanesia (Melanesian uye Papuans). Dzimba muNew Guinea - murwi, nyika, mitsetse, uye muOceania iyo inoronga-yakagadzirirwa nedenga rakagadzirwa nemashizha emichindwe.

Province of Australia

Inosvika pachiwi cheTasmania neAustralia. Aboriginal dzimba dzezvi nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kunyoresa, zvipingamupinyi zvemhepo, huts.