Engine mafuta: Kunyora, description, kupatsanura. Chii mavanga mafuta injini?

Lubricating mafuta anoshandiswa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore 3.5. Kunyange nyore michina vanoda pavo. Kusati kwatombova mafuta nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka anoshandiswa miriwo mafuta uye mafuta mhuka. Somuenzaniso, yaishandiswa mukushanda chiutsi injini mafuta rapeseed. Izvi zvinhu inoomerera zvakanaka simbi hukawanika uye haina kushambidzwa kure nemvura uye chiutsi.

Muna 1859, kwakanga zvigadzirwa mafuta, iyo vanoumba hwaro pakusika chicherwa kwemafuta. With veMubatanidzwa polymeric viscosity modifier zvibvire kuchinja kubva yechando kuti zhizha uye-mwaka zvose nziyo.

Mhando motokari kwemafuta

The chigadzirwa iri Zvinoumba zvinhu. Inoitwa zvikamu zviviri: kuti mafuta nechigadziko uye chirungiso pasuru. Ekupedzisira anopa siyana chigadzirwa zvivako. Zvichienderana nzira mukugadzira mafuta nechigadziko rakakamurwa zvitatu marudzi.

1. Mineral zvinobva peturu (chicherwa).

2. chakaita zvokugadzirwa, kunoguma kunzwisisa kuti petrochemical usage. Chichatara chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta injini - zvakazara chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Kupfuura Qualitative uye zvinodhura.

3. Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa, kugadzirwa pamusoro chicherwa mujinga pamwe kuwedzera zvikuru chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinoriumba (Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa). A anonzwisisa nzwisisa mu unhu / mutengo reshiyo.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa anonhuwirira vane nhamba zvakanakira panyaya chicherwa.

sarudzo

Chinangwa chikuru lubrication - paumbwe nhete uye panguva imwe chete ine simba firimu pamusoro pemvura kukweshera zvikamu kudzivisa zvakananga kuonana yacho microroughness. Saka kusakara iri kushoma.

Basa injini mafuta: nokudenga, nokuti peturu uye Diesel injini. A yoga boka - maviri neronda powerplants. Izvi runoratidzwa yakakodzera Kunyora kuti injini mafuta: ukoshi «Diesel», «2T» kana «2 chakamira». Kushayiwa kwake uchapupu nokudenga chikumbiro.

sarudzo

How kusarudza mafuta injini? Chichatara rine zviratidzo zvizhinji, asi vatengi vanofarira vaviri:

- yepamusoro pamwero (kana zvakakodzera kuti motokari);

- viscosity (kana akakodzera imwe mwaka uye mamiriro).

Special kusvika kunoda, michina mitsva ano.

Mhinduro dzemibvunzo miviri inokosha anopa kupenda mafuta injini. Achiongorora zvaive nayo - panzvimbo kwakajairika Indexing hurongwa.

Dzavo dzakawanda. Zvinowanzoshandiswa vatatu - SAE, API uye ACEA. Dzimwe nguva vakawedzera ILSAC.

SAE mureza

The kupatsanura kunobva viscosity unhu. Vari ino - huru.

SAE (American Association of Automotive Engineers) anogadza kuti viscosity siyana zviratidzi chokuita mafuta injini.

Chichatara anoshandisa indekisi ichi, akayera muzvikamu. Kupfuura, dzakanga dziri viscosity.

Mureza Inosimbisa mapoka matatu kwemafuta: zhizha, chando uye mwaka zvose. Last - rakajairika.

Kubva mazita mhando dzakasiyana zvinova pachena kuti ichi chokuguma inobva SAE mureza, unogona kudzidza chinhu chimwe chete: kana mafuta rakakodzera kushandiswa mune imwe mwaka dzimwe ezvinhu okunze kana kwete. Chete ichi.

Mureza Inosimbisa mapoka matatu kwemafuta. Zvinosiyana munzvimbo seasonality yekushandiswa.

1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W - mafuta muchando. Dzavo nhanhatu. Parameter indekisi W (yechando) - "Winter". The maduku, nani "inotonhora" kushandiswa. Minimum ukoshi - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - mafuta yezhizha. Vashanu vavo. Parameter unsigned W - "yezhizha". Anoratidza chengetedzo kuti viscosity pa tembiricha yakakwirira. The yepamusoro panovira, zvikuru zvokufambisa kushandiswa mafuta pakupisa. Kunonyanyisa ukoshi - 60.

3. 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-50, etc. - .. Season. nhamba yavo - 23.

Somuenzaniso, kupenda injini mafuta 5W30 zvinoreva kuti zvose-ekunze kushandiswa. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa iri tembiricha siyana kubva -30 kusvika +20 inegumi.

Saka, chii ruzivo kuratidza mafuta injini, SAE Kunyora anopa mutengi?

Ndiwo mashoko pamusoro tembiricha zvechadenga svikiro umo vanosangana zvinotevera:

1. Rolling crankshaft dzose electrostarter chando pokutangira.

2. Mode kupomba mafuta kuburikidza injini mutsetse. At chando tanga kunofanira kupa kumanikidzwa iyo chinonditadzisa yakaoma kukweshera pairings.

3. lubrication Anogona muzhizha ari kuramba kushanda mune zvakaoma nzira.

kupatsanura API

Developer - American Institute epetroleum zvigadzirwa. API kunoita kusarudza mafuta kuti motokari zvichienderana gore gadzira. Pashure pezvose, muitiro kuvandudza michina, kuti ape rokutsanya, nyore uye yepamusoro michini, chinopfuurira.

The kupatsanura rinonyatsotarira motokari kugadzirwa America.

Chakagamuchirwa nearufabheti rokuisa chiratidzo mafuta injini. Decryption iri. S (Service) - peturu, C (Commercial) - Diesel. Chokupika wechipiri chokuguma rinoreva tsamba A kuitira kubva mberi - sezvo unhu kuvandudzika. Somuenzaniso, boka SJ wakatangwa ichangopfuura. Panguva iyoyowo akasunda SH. SJ kupatsanura basa inodhura uye yepamusoro chakaita zvokugadzirwa vakaisvoipa anonhuwirira. Vari akagadzirirwa zvikuru ano michina.

SH isingadhuri mune zvimwewo napaduku SJ, ndivo rakanakira makore 1994-1989 pamberi kugadzirwa motokari. Kirasi SF rinonyatsotarira vakwegura yakaderera-nokukurumidza Motors uye nyore.

Universal gwenya mafuta: kaviri chokuguma Somuenzaniso: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. SF / CC - "kupfuura peturu", CD / SF- "mamwe Diesel." Muenzaniso - ari mufananidzo.

Nokuda simba kukura Diesel injini ndiko kunzwisisa kwavo: .. Turbocharged, etc. Special mhinduro zvinodiwa kuti simba izvi zvinomera. Naizvozvo, vaikudzwa vaburitsi zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwemafuta kuti Diesel injini. Nziyo idzi vakazvigadzirirwa chaiwo nyora «Diesel».

In yoga boka miti kuti peturu simba vezvikwata ane simba rokuponesa chaitika. Vane mamwe rokuti EC (Energy dzokuchengetedza).

Kupatsanura pakati Association of European Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA)

It inozivikanwa zvikuru inoomesera zvinodiwa kuti unhu mafuta. Izvi imhaka yokuti muEurope maduramazwi ezvinhu nokushanda motokari uye akawanda nemamwe injini magadzirirwo.

Kupatsanura mafuta ACEA injini ndozvavava kushanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira tembiricha ezvinhu.

ACEA anozivisa makirasi mana akanzi A, B, C, E. aida kuti peturu, Diesel injini uye simba miti vakagadzirira pamwe CATALYTIC converters.

The kupatsanura somunhu yoga boka chinoratidza simba-rokuponesa mafuta. Vane zvimwe chaiwo zvinhu. kushandiswa chinotsva vavo mari dziri kubudirira Akaroromesawo mafuta firimu ukobvu panguva kumusoro uchishandisa tembiricha. Vamwe, kunyanya Japanese, injini yakagadzirirwa chaiyo pasi pezvitsiga akadaro. Energy-vakarongeka anonhuwirira vari chete kushandiswa munyaya pavanova ndakarumbidzwa motokari mugadziri. Saka, BMW uye Mercedes-Benz vari zano haana kushandisa navo zvachose motokari ose pezvitsiga izvi.

Chii mavanga pamusoro injini mafuta ACEA? Classes A uye B iri zvatinoita simba okuponesa akanzi zvakafanana. Zvinorevei? Classes A1, A5, B1 uye B5 - simba-okuponesa. Vamwe - mureza mafuta. This A2, A3, B2, B3 uye B4. Energy-vakarongeka anonhuwirira hadzina kushandiswa motokari vakwegura. Vari kuda kudzivirirwa nani.

Double Kunyora sezvo A3 / B4, rinoshandiswa kureva yezvisikwa anonhuwirira (peturu kana Diesel).

A chinokosha chikamu US uye vamwe European motokari vagadziri vanokurudzira kumotokari dzavo nziyo kuna ACEA A3 / B4, eJapan zvaimunetsa - ACEA A1 / B2 kana A5 / B5.

ILSAC kupatsanura

The brainchild vaviri Associations pamusoro Automobile Manufacturers - Japan uye America. Kune mapoka matatu kwemafuta kuti zvinopa simba nemari uye akaronga kuti peturu mutakurwi motokari. Kunyora: GF-1, GF-2 uye GF-3.

mafuta ava yakanaka motokari kubva kuJapan. For American motokari pezvitsiga aunganidza ne ILSAC, nerechiHebheru API.

Zvinotarisirwa uye nemitemo automakers

API kupatsanura ACEA uye kumisa waivako zviratidzi anonhuwirira. Uye tsika dzavo - shoma zvinobvumidzwa. Pasinei chokwadi kuti avo zvinorayirwa vagadziri kwemafuta uye yokuvirisa kubvumirana Vagadziri motokari, yokupedzisira vasingaguti nguva dzose. pamureza nzira Miedzo murege zvakazara kufunga peculiarities pamusoro kushanda injini zvitsva zvemazuva ano. Naizvozvo, motokari vagadziri kuchengetera kodzero kuzoumba nokurondedzerwa dzavo, anoita chaiyo zvinoda.

Kuita bvunzo miti iri michini yavo, ivo kana kuanhonga, achitungamirirwa mumwe zvakafanana classifications, kana kutanga mitemo yavo chaiyo mavanga, kupfuura zvakakodzera uye havatenderwi kushandiswa.

Magadzirirwo automakers rokumanikidzirwa kuratidza pamusoro pasuru pedyo Chikwata kirasi waivako ehupfumi. Izvi zvinozadzika kuti tsamba.

Munyika kupfeka chete rokuisa chiratidzo mafuta injini. Decoding rinopa munhu inonzwisisika mhinduro yomubvunzo ari yezvinoreva chigadzirwa.

Chimbofunga nezvomuenzaniso unotevera. Saka, zvichiratidza 5W40 motokari mafuta.

Ichi chakaita zvokugadzirwa sezvamunoita nokuda multigrade kushanda pa tembiricha -30 kusvika +35 inegumi.

Maererano kupatsanura pakati API CJ-4 mafuta rinoshandiswa kuti motokari kugadzirwa pashure 2006 uye vakagadzirira pamwe mukuru-nokukurumidza Diesel injini kuti vasangane choutsi nemwero 2007. Kushandiswa kana kumhanya pasi rinochiwedzera kuti ane hapana zvinopfuura 0,05% sarufa. Zvakabatsirawo motokari pamwe particulate filters uye pedza gasi recirculation enyika. Kana uchishanda yepamusoro, rine hapana zvinopfuura 0,0015% sarufa huni, anonyaradza zvakawedzera mileage kutsiviwa.

Saka, zvichiratidza injini 5W40, raanotaura pamusoro kavha ramafuta, rine mashoko zvakakwana kuziva suitability ayo aizoshandiswa dzakananga motokari yokutevedzera.