TVEL - A hwakadzama kuongorora ichi ...

Nyaya rinotaura nezvei TVEL, nokuti chii, apo rinoshanda, sei pakusika uye kana reactors havasi kushandisa TVEL.

mabhomba munguva

Zvichida muduku davi simba renyukireya. Chete panguva pakuguma XIX remakore, masayendisiti vaikwanisa aoma kubata chokuti radioactivity ichi, kuora radioactive uye izvo zvinhu vane ehupfumi izvi. Uye vazhinji ruzivo izvi zvemadhenari upenyu, sezvo unokuvadza kwechirwere nemwaranzi pamusoro zvipenyu kwenguva refu akaramba kuzivikanwa.

Pave paya, radioactive zvinhu zvave zvose rehurumende upenyu uye zvechiuto. Parizvino vose dzakabudirira vane zvombo zvenyukireya dzavo uye renyukireya nesimba zvinomera, izvo zvinopa yakawanda simba pasinei Zvisaririra mafuta kana zviwanikwa zvakadai semvura (tiri kutaura pamusoro Hydroelectric simba zvinomera).

TVEL - a ...

Asi kuti kuvaka reactor kwenyukireya kuti magetsi chizvarwa kana zvimwe zvinangwa, unofanira kutanga kuti zvakakodzera mafuta, nokuti dzinongoitika uranium exchange riri radioactive Zvisinei, asi simba rayo hakuna kukwana. Nokuti emhando dzakawanda reactors vachishandisa huni kwakavakirwa zvakapfumisa uranium exchange, uye, akavapindurawo, iri yakatakura kuva mudziyo chaiyo inonzi TVEL. TVEL - zano rinokosha kuti ndiyo chikamu reactor yenyukireya uye rine huni yenyukireya. magadzirirwo awo uye mhando mafuta isu ongorora zvizere.

patani

Zvichienderana mhando reactor mafuta zvinhu, vamwe parameters dzingasiyana, asi mukuru pamasikiro mudziyo uye ichocho. Achitaura nyore, TVEL - negomba chubhu wakaitwa zirconium chiwanikwa navamwe nesimbi, izvo ndakagadza mafuta pellets ane uranium exchange dioxide.

mafuta

Uranium exchange ndiyo "vachimhanya" ari mwaranzi inopisa, pahwaro hwayo kunobereka muzvizhinji zvimwe isotopes yaishandiswa zvose bhizimisi uye zvombo. Kuchera zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva marasha migodhi, uye zviwanikwa, dzinongoitika mamiriro, zvinokuchengetedzai zvakakwana vanhu. Saka nyaya uranium exchange zvimbambaira, umo senhapwa upenyu akatongera vasungwa, hapana kupfuura ingano. Murume aizofa nokushayiwa chiedza chezuva uye basa zvakaoma kwangu kupfuura kubva nemwaranzi kurwara.

Mined uranium exchange iri nyore chaizvo - kuputika uputsei dombo, uye zvino runopiwa pemvura, uko Sorting uye zvakare kugadzira. Pfungwa uranium exchange vapfume zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi muRussia zviri kuitwa tichibatsirwa gasi centrifuges. uranium exchange First ari kuchinjwa kuti gaseous pakusava, dzakatsigira gasi iri centrifuge pasi pokudzora Centrifugal simba riri kumwedzi uye aida isotopes vanoparadzaniswa. Zvadaro, vari vatendeuka kupinda uranium exchange yakasviba rikazvisundira kupinda pellets akatakudza kupinda mafuta zvinhu. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya nzira kubereka huni huni zvinhu.

kunyoresa

Kuwanda mafuta tsvimbo ari reactor kunobva kukura, mhando uye kukwanisa. Mushure gadzira vari kuremerwa vakapinda reactor, apo anotanga achigarira maoko zvenyukireya fission maitiro, kunoitika somugumisiro hwakasimba kusarudzwa hombe yakawanda kupisa, izvo kunoshanda simba rine. ari reactor vanokwanisa kunogonawo kudzora uwandu mafuta zvinhu rwekuita nzvimbo. Kubva nguva nenguva sezvo vari atsiva mukushanda itsva, pamwe pellets "itsva" ane uranium exchange dioxide. Saka zvino tinoziva kuti zvinorevei TVEL sezvo ivo vakaita uye chii vanofanira. Zvisinei, kwete reactors zvose zvenyukireya vanoda zvinhu izvi, uye RTGs.

Rtg

The radioisotope thermoelectric jenareta - ndiwo mudziyo kuti nheyo akafanana zvenyukireya reactors, asi muitiro hakutsigirwi maatomu kuora cheni maitiro, uye chafariz. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chinhu ezvinhu huru, iyo inobereka yakawanda kupisa radioactive venhumbi, akavapindurawo, iri mudzoke zvakananga kupinda magetsi. Kusiyana zvenyukireya reactors RTGs havana zvinofamba migove, zvakawanda yakavimbika, chiine vafuke. Asi vane zvikuru yakaderera kunyatsoshanda.

Taiashandisa kunyanya avo ezvinhu umo hazvibviri kuwana simba nedzimwe nzira kana nzira izvi zvakaoma chaizvo. Panguva RTGs Soviet nokukura pakutsvakurudza uye Meteorological ravarwi of Far North, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa lighthouses, gungwa buoys, etc .. N.

Pari, ivo vaneta, asi vamwe vavo vachiri panzvimbo musha yepakutanga uye kazhinji haana kudzivirirwa. Somugumisiro, pane tsaona Somuenzaniso, akawanda zvivako vakadaro non-ferrous simbi anoedza kunzwisisa uye vakawana simba irradiation, uye muna Georgia veko akavashandisa seinokonzera kupisa uye vakatambura nemwaranzi kurwara.

Saka zvino tinoziva chairema huni zvinhu uye kunzwisisa tsanangudzo yavo. TVEL zvinokosha zvikamu reactor, usingagoni kushanda pasina.