The tsinga centre: Zvivako uye mhando

Tsinga basa rinokosha mukuita kuvimbika nhengo, uyewo yaro murau. azvaiitwa vakatakudzwa anatomical uye vasiri kunzwisisa, kusanganisira CNS (nechepakati tsinga). Ane zita - etsinga centre. Properties kuti kunoratidzwa: occlusion, musimboti kusunungurwa, tinoshandurwa mwero. Ivo nevamwe vashomanana chichange Akaongorora munyaya ino.

Pfungwa etsinga centre uye ayo zvivako

Kare, isu kuziva chikuru kushanda tsinga - kusanganisa. Zvinokwanisika nokuda sechivako uropi uye musana. Somuenzaniso, kufema tsinga nzvimbo vane zvivako - innervation kufema (inspiratory uye expiratory). It riri muna ventricle chechina, muna reticular nokuumbwa (medulla oblongata). Maererano nokutsvakurudza kubudikidza N. A. Mislavskogo, inoitwa symmetrically akaisa zvikamu mhosva inhalation uye nedzinovengwa.

In yokumusoro mapazi ari pons pnevmotaksichesky anosiiwa, iyo anoita aforesaid mativi uye zvivako uropi anokonzera kufema kufamba. Saka, mukuru ehupfumi ari etsinga nzvimbo zvinopa murau pamusoro vasiri mashandiro muviri: zvemwoyo basa, excretion, afemeruke uye kugaya.

Dzidziso guru localization mitambo I. P. Pavlova

Maererano pfungwa musayendisiti, asi nyore dzepanguva zviito zviri cortex uye musana mira mapazi. Complex pezvakaitwa akadai ndangariro, mutauro, mafungiro, chokuita nedzimwe nzvimbo uropi uye dzinokonzerwa integrative mashandiro akawanda munzvimbo yake. The vasiri ehupfumi pamusoro etsinga nzvimbo uye kuti paumbwe inokosha dzinotsanagura yakakwirira huta basa. In neuroscience, kubva anatomical nemaonero, zvikamu epfungwa, iine mativi afferent uye efferent Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti pakuzivikanwa se etsinga nzvimbo. Vari vanoonekwa musayendisiti wokuRussia P. K. Anohin zvinoumba dzichipfekeka gadziriro (kushamwaridzana Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti vaite zvakafanana mabasa uye chinogona kuwanikwa dzakasiyana-siyana nechepakati tsinga).

irradiation excitation

Uchidzidza zvinhu ehupfumi tsinga nzvimbo muchimiro chemabhazi Mashoko maviri pezvakaitwa huru kuti kuitika etsinga rinenge - the excitation uye chinovhiringidza. Inonzi irradiation. Kana nesimba vakurukurirane uye nguva ukoshi guru tsinga nomunhu diverge neurocytes-yakatesvera panyanga dzacho, uyewo Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Ivo nokubatanidza afferent uye efferent neurocytes, kukonzera chamazuva ose dzepanguva arcs.

Funga chinovhiringidza (sezvo tsinga nzvimbo pfuma) zvizere. Reticular inotungamirwa uropi rinopa zvose irradiation nezvimwe zvivako zviri etsinga nzvimbo. Physiology anotsanangura zvikonzero inorambidza kana kudzivisa kupararira excitation. Somuenzaniso, kuvapo inhibitory synapses uye neurocytes. zvivako izvi zvinokosha pakudzivirira kushanda, nokudaro kuderedza ngozi overdriving pamusoro skeletal tsandanyama anokwanisa kufamba mu spasmodic ezvinhu.

Wafunga excitation irradiation, zvinokosha kuyeuka zvinotevera chepfungwa etsinga chido chacho. Inofamba bedzi centripetal kune Centrifugal dzouropi (nokuti dvuhneyronnoy, dzepanguva chinhu chakakombama). Kana dzepanguva zvikuru kunzwisisa, uropi kana musana interneurons vari kuumbwa - intercalary masero etsinga. Vanotora nokufarisa afferent neurocyte uye zvinoparadzira kuti injini masero etsinga. In synapses bioelectric unidirectional pulses sezvo vachifambira wokutanga presynaptic Kamudzira ane tsinga muchitokisi, hereinafter ari synaptic mumukaha, uye pairi - iri postsynaptic Kamudzira yomumwe neurocyte.

Summation tsinga nomunhu

Tikaramba kudzidza ehupfumi ari etsinga nzvimbo. Physiology huru pfungwa uye musana, kuva inokosha uye kunzwisisa bazi zvokurapa, kudzidza conduction pakati excitation kuburikidza dzakaunganidzwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti vanoita zvakafanana mabasa. Dzavo ehupfumi - summation kungava epanyama kana spatial. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, simba etsinga nomunhu anokonzerwa subliminal mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira anowedzerwa (akapfupikisa). Izvi zvinotungamirira zvakawanda kusunungurwa mamorekuru ose acetylcholine kana mumwe neurotransmitter, izvo zvinowanisa kuti chiito zvinogona mune neurocytes.

kushandurwa zvazvingava

Iri izwi rinoreva kuchinja ari excitation kakawanda, izvo zvinopfuura kuburikidza zvivako CNS Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Pakati pezvakaitwa kuti unhu ehupfumi tsinga nzvimbo - kuchinja mwero pulses izvo zvinogona kuitika nokuda kugovera excitation nokuda Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu akawanda pezvakaitwa refu izvo zvinoumba nokudyidzana nzvimbo iri imwe tsinga sero (shanduko improver). Kana paine chimwe dzouropi ari kuita zvinogona somugumisiro summation nokuda excitation postsynaptic kwaniso - nezvekuva achideredza Kushandurwa unodiwa.

Siyana uye Convergence excitation

Vane dyidzana pezvakaitwa kuti munguva ehupfumi ari etsinga nzvimbo. Kufambisa dzepanguva basa iri nokuti chokuti dzouropi panguva anogamuchira pulses kubva siyana analyzers receptors: rinoonekwa, olfactory uye ganda-tsandanyama wanda. In masero etsinga, vari kuongorora uye waitsanangura mune bioelectric potentials. Avo, uyewo kune dzimwe nzvimbo muuropi reticular inotungamirwa. uku kunokosha inonzi convergence.

Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe dzouropi anogamuchira nomunhu kwete chete kubva mamwe masero, asiwo nezvimiro synapses dzakavakidzana neurocytes. Fani iyi siyana. Vose ehupfumi zvinopa kupararira excitation muna CNS. Saka raora pamusoro etsinga uropi uye musana masero kuti vanoita zvakafanana mabasa - ndiye etsinga centre, Zvivako yatiri kukurukura. Inopa mutemo zvomukati zvose uye mugadziriro dzemuviri.

kumashure basa

Vasiri ehupfumi tsinga nzvimbo, mumwe chinotaura kwaitika, i.e. paumbwe imwe kumashure dzemagetsi pulses Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, Somuenzaniso, kufema kana zvomudumbu pakati, nokuda peculiarities yechivako chacho rwevanodzvinyirira huta tishu. It anokwanisa kuzvidzora chizvarwa bioelectric dzinotsanagura excitation kunyange tisina zvakakwana kuitika. Akafanirwa kuti kusiyana uku kunoita uye convergence pamusoro excitation, vaiona kwokutanga, neurocytes vanogamuchira nomunhu kubva tsinga nzvimbo kunakidzwa postsynaptic Relations chete reticular paumbwe uropi.

Vaingoerekana basa kunogona kukonzerwa acetylcholine microdoses kupinda dzouropi kubva synaptic mumukaha. Convergence, kusiyana uku kunoita, necheseri basa, uye zvimwe zvivako zviri etsinga centre dzavo unhu kuvimba zvakananga pamusoro muviri dhigiri neurocytes uye glia.

Types summation excitation

Vakanga munyaya mabasa I. M. Sechenova, uyo akaratidza kuti dzepanguva anogona kukonzera akawanda simba (subliminal) kuitika, izvo kazhinji zvakakwana vari etsinga centre. The ehupfumi masero zvayo, kureva musimboti zororo uye occlusion, uye ichakurukurwa nesu mberi.

Tiine mawa kweiyi ari centripetal pezvakaitwa rudaviro mukuru kupfuura svomhu Verengai mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira simba kuita rimwe nerimwe fibers izvi. pfuma iyi Unonzi Central ruyamuro. Kana kuita pessimal irritants, pasinei simba ravo uye kakawanda, rinoita kuti kuderera mhinduro - ndiye occlusion. Ndicho Ivan Kuchin pamusoro summation pamusoro excitation pfuma uye kunoderedza simba tsinga nomunhu. Nokudaro, nzvimbo tsinga nzvimbo - musimboti rokuyamura occlusion - kuvimba nemamiriro synaptic midziyo anoumbwa chikumbaridzo (nechepakati) mapazi uye subthreshold (peripheral) pomukombero.

Kuneta of huta zvinyama basa rake

The physiology of huta nzvimbo, tsanangudzo, mhando uye zvivako kare vakadzidza kwokutanga uye zvivako kuri mumashoko Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu Hatingamboti tapedza kana hatina kufunga chinhu chakadai kuneta. Tsinga nzvimbo kumanikidzwa napo pacharo chichiitwa munhevedzano pulses, kupa dzepanguva ehupfumi ari huta nechepakati hurongwa. Somugumisiro zvikuru metabolic pezvakaitwa kuitwa muviri dzouropi uye glia mu, pane kuunganidza chepfu metabolic kunouraya. Kushatiswa ropa wedzerai etsinga zvivako uyewo kunokonzera vasanyanye basa ravo nokuda kushayiwa okisijeni uye shuga. mupiro wake kukura kuneta kuita tsinga nzvimbo uyewo isa sero contactsGoogle - synapses kuti nokukurumidza kuderedza nokusunungurwa neurotransmitters ari synaptic mumukaha.

The Genesisi of etsinga nzvimbo

Zvivako neurocytes akaiswa nechepakati tsinga uye ane ekufambisa basa iri basa muviri, vanosangana anatomical uye vasiri kuchinja. Vari akatsanangura kuwedzera kunzwisisa kubva vasiri uye mupfungwa mabasa kuti munguva upenyu hwomunhu. Chinonyanya kukosha kuchinja kukanganisa zera zvechadenga zvivako zviri huta nzvimbo, tinoona kukura kwakadaro pezvakaitwa zvinokosha sezvo bipedalism, matauriro uye mafungiro kuti kusiyanisa Homo sapiens kubva dzimwe nhengo dzekirasi kuti mhuka. Somuenzaniso, kutaura inotungamirwa rikaitika matatu okutanga oupenyu. Kuva kunzwisisa conglomerate pakati vakaumbwa hunenge, zviri yakaumbwa pachishandiswa mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira paakaziva proprioceptors tsandanyama rurimi, miromo, uye tsandanyama dzinobudisa inzwi pakati dokeriro uye kufema tsandanyama. Panozopera gore upenyu hwemwana wechitatu vose yaungana kushanda hurongwa, izvo zvinosanganisira goko wenyika avete mujinga isinganaki frontal gyrus. Rave inonzi nzvimbo poran kuti.

In paumbwe kutaura basa rinobatanidzwa uye nzvimbo pevane rwepanyama gyrus (Wernicke kuti pakati). Mufaro kubva tsinga harinzwi kutaura midziyo anopinda injini, rinoonekwa uye auditory nzvimbo cerebral cortex, apo akaumba mashoko nzvimbo.