Soviet ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy". Ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy": 65 chirongwa

Various ano kare vari ichitsvaka hunhu, zvinokonzera uye migumisiro yokusagadzikana kwakaitika yaitonga Soviet Union. Zvichakadai, achiri akawandisa mashoko risinganyatsozivikanwi. In dzinoverengeka zvinyorwa Somuenzaniso, rinowanika ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy". 1955 misi shure Kumukira chikepe. Sezvinoratidzwa zvinyorwa, rakanga utsinye woutsinye.

Chokwadi uye kururama zvinhu

Padanho pachivande mumakore eSoviet yakakwirira chaizvo. Panyaya iyi, chero mashoko chaiwo pamusoro yemuna iri zvakakwana diki. Panyaya iyi, zvinokonzerwa zviitiko zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvakadai zvinogona kuwanikwa:

• In Vladivostok, kumukirawo vakapararira kune Soviet ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy". The mhirizhonga yakanga woutsinye.
• The Pacific Fleet akanga noutsinye akakurira yemuna (ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy", 1955, Vladivostok). Akapfura vanhu vanopfuura 50.

Kudzidza ruzivo urwu uwane zvabuda mibvunzo yakawanda. Nematambudziko pave chokwadi muka kubva chokwadi kuti zvakawanda neakangwara pamwe zvikuru kusarurama. Zvichakadai, mamwe manyuko akati Soviet ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" muna Vladivostok panguva zuva akanga asipo. The chikepe rakanyoreswa zviri Pacific Fleet, asi pakutanga kwezana 19-20 emakore. Sezvo fekitari zvinyorwa zvinoratidza, August 31, 1951 ari mazita ari Navy akanga anyoresa ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy". USSR panguva iyoyo anopedza dambudziko akawedzera zvikepe. Muna April 1953, ngarava payakanga vakaisa pasi panguva chirimwa navo. A. Marty, Leningrad. In mukupera September wegore iroro akapiwa zita idzva "Vladivostok". Mumatsutso zvakanzi raparurwa pamusoro pontoons uye towed kuna Severodvinsk. September 2, 1959 ngarawa abviswa chivakwa uye adzingwa Navy rinodonongodza hwokugadzira kuda 28.8%. Saka, muna Vladivostok, chikepe vasingagoni kuva.

Prerequisites pakuvaka

Sezvakataurwa kumusoro, mushure World Second utungamiriri munyika wakakugadzirirai chipfuro kuti anoumba rengarava. Maererano nokuraira vanhu commissar of Navy pakutanga 1945, basa rakaumbwa. Iye ave achigadzirira zvinhu pamusoro huru unhu uye mhando zvikepe ramangwana. Maererano Commission migumisiro pabasa General Staff yakatanga urongwa yemakore gumi. Maererano navo, muna 1955, zvikepe vaifanira kuvapo:

1. Dzechikwata keriya ndege mune mari 6 dzakabatana.
2. Vanoparadza - 358 dzakabatana.
3. Battleships - muzvikamu zvina.
4. Small vatakuri ndege - 6 dzakabatana.
5. Heavy sevatsvaki vemapuranga (40 hrs.). Izvi, - nepokuongorora 220-mm (10 hrs.) Uye 180 mm (30 inokwana zviyero) GC zviridzwa..
6. Yepasi pemvura - vanenge 500 dzakabatana.
7. sevatsvaki vemapuranga Light ne 152-mm pfuti GK - 54 dzakabatana.

nhamba kwakadaro ngarava vaitarisira chokupika kushandisa wengarava mauto pachena uye namahwindo mvura. Pasinei kushaya kugadzirwa uye mari, nomusoro panyaya iyi yave kuonekwa pachena. In kwayo Implementation pamusoro wechipfuwo rengarava vanokwanisa kuti kupfuudza nemifananidzo Royal Navy. Musi simba, angadai akapedza wechipiri, uye uwandu Ngarava dzepasi pemvura - nzvimbo yokutanga. uto ruzivo ndokuiswa nhoroondo iri urongwa. Vaifungidzira mamiriro battleships vashoma zvichienzaniswa pre-hondo. Uyezve, sezvo chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Navy vatakuri dzakaisirwa.

nadzurudzo zano

October 27, 1945 musangano wokutanga wakaitwa Kremlin. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti Shamwari. Stalin aiva maonero ake pamusoro pakuzadzisa ari Navy. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi zvinganaka kuderedza uwandu battleships, uye uwandu inorema motokari yakawedzera nokuwedzera CC dzavo 305 mm. Stalin vaiona inexpedient rokuvaka vatakuri ndege iri gumi anotevera. Haana kuona kudiwa, uye pakusika sevatsvaki vemapuranga vane 180-mm pfuti. Panguva iyoyowo Stalin akabvuma yokuvaka motokari chiedza muna kunonyanyisa mari. Kwokupedzisira chirongwa akabvumirwa pashure pokukurukurirana inopa mutungamiri munyika. The Chirongwa chitsva inosanganisira kuvakwa:

1. Heavy sevatsvaki vemapuranga - 4 dzakabatana.
2. Vanoparadza - 188 dzakabatana.
3. sevatsvaki vemapuranga Light - 20 dzakabatana.
4. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura - 367 dzakabatana.

The Hurongwa rinopawo nokuda kuripisa battleships maviri. Kusara vatakuri ndege nepurogiramu zvimiso pamusoro kusada ari mumhuri indasitiri. Urongwa hutsva wasimbisa sezvo kuenderera pre-hondo. The rinonyanya kutaura pamusoro kuvakwa guru atirari ngarava. Izvi Hakupindirani zvakaitika ichangobva kupera hondo.

patani

Maererano nokuraira vanhu commissar Kuznetsov, mumatsutso 1943, chirongwa akatanga kukudziridza matsva mhando chiedza ngarawa. Muna September, wokutanga shanduro akabvumirwa. Kusiyana sezvamunoita maoko 68 chirongwa kwakapamhidzwa 137-mm uye 100-mm Anti-ndege atirari pfuti. Uyezve, vatsva midziyo pemvura acoustics uye radar vakanga hwakatangwa. Maererano nechirongwa vakafungidzira yokutsiva katatu-chubhu Avangard motokari iri shanu-fanera, kuisa of 4 mumaturi. Kana cruising siyana, tinofanira kuva 8 zviuru. Miles. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya 35 change akanga akaronga. Standard misha nokudaro havafaniri kuva kudarika zviuru 10. T.

chepiri

Maererano toronga 1946-1955 biennium., Aifanira kusika 30 uye akarara 4 chiedza sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Pakutanga, nzendo dzakawanda mabasa envisaged. Pakutanga zvakanga akaronga kupedza kuvaka 5 zvikepe chirongwa 68-K, ipapo vaifunga kuvakwa 7 sevatsvaki vemapuranga basa 68-bis. Pashure kutanga envisaged nokuumba nyaya. Pakati pavo aifanira kuva uye ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy". Project 65 zano rapidity nani, zvishoma misha. Rakanga aronga kushongedzera zvikepe nesimba zvirimwa itsva. Muna 1945, kushanda uye michina zvinodiwa wakabudiswa. In Savitchev akanga asarudza sezvo mukuru akagadzira. Pakati zvinodiwa itsva vachange kuchinja murwiyo Anti-ndege atirari zvombo. Pachinzvimbo 37-mm mapatya pfuti 12 kunosanganisira kugadzwa zvina Quad 45-mm uye 4,6-mm mapatya 25 automata. Chirongwa chaiva kuwedzera nzvimbo uye yokuderedza tonnage kusvikira 8-8.5 zviuru. Matani. Vakawanda Kudzikamiswa zvakanga zvokushandisa chombo 8 GMAT mafungu makungwa sechinhu chinodiwa.

kuoma

Pamberi kuvakwa yakadaro hofori ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy", Project 65 chakachinja kakawanda. All vakakokwa vanenge 40 dzomutauro. Nokuti vamwe kwavari misha yakanga 13.5-15 zviuru. Matani. Kutaura chokwadi, nhamba idzi dzinoenderana parameters hombe chiedza sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Kwapera nguva predeskizny kukura rakamira nokuda dambudziko kuziva rakakodzera hwokugadzira chikepe chimiro. Akanga kunge qualitatively akasiyana ayo vamutangira pamwe inogamuchirika mwero misha isina anopfuura 15 thous. Matani. Panguva pfungwa CDB-17, basa racho rinoitwa munguva dzakasiyana maviri. On Stalin kuti kurayira Zvisinei, muna 1947, basa rakanga rakamira. Developers refocused kwekushereketa urongwa 82 uye 68 bis.

Ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy": chirongwa

Muna March 1949, muna PPM-17 kumugumo basa iri magadzirirwo. Pasina kumirira mvumo nehurumende, ari vagadziri akatanga ouinjiniya nepurani. Asi kuwa Stalin zvinganaka kuwedzera wechikepe kukwira 35 change uye kuderedza misha anosvika 36 ths. Matani. Sezvavakaita ichi munguva pfupi zvichibvira nguva basa yakagadzirwa muna PPM. Kusvikira pakuguma, basa pariri kwakapera. Munguva nedanho simba chirimwa vanokwanisa yaifanira yakawedzera 30%, kushandura Kuronga Anti-ndege atirari uye inoshanda, kuderedza kutwasuka bookings uye zvichingodaro. Nokuda kuwedzera nokukurumidza chikepe basa 82, kwaidiwa pakuvaka chiedza sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Muna October 1950, operative-tactical basa agamuchirwa. Maererano naye, anoronga kuvaka chiedza ngarawa 65 basa, izvo aifanira kukurumidza muna 35-36 nokusunungura mapfundo. Nokuti kuita haizopereri basa rakanga aifarirwa 2 dzakasiyana nezvombo siyana, uye misha yacho kuchengetedza. Predeskizny magadzirirwo rakapera muna 1951. Asi zvimwe basa rakanga raitwa.

nadzurudzo

March 16, 1976 yokutanga rinorema ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" waibatanidzwa zvikepe Navy. Muna December 1982, iye hwakatamisirwa Western kupota kubva Severodvinsk. Nechepakati-September 1989, ngarava vakadzokera. The zvebhizimisi "Sevmash" mazuvaano uye overhaul akanga akatakurwa kunze. Mukupera June 2002, ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" akanga vakabudirira akaedzwa. Maererano migumisiro dzavo, akanga zvakare vakabvuma kuti Northern Fleet.

Yepasi pemvura "Dmitry Donskoy": a photo, neimwewo rondedzero

The chikepe aiva mumwe matanhatu yakavakwa uye oga akasara panhengo. Iye akaita basa zambuko pakati zvikepe renyukireya-dzinofambiswa 3rd uye 4th zvizvarwa. Ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" akanga vakagadzirira pamwe itsva "Bulava" kunzwisisa. Rakanga riri chikepe ichi vari kuedzwa zvombo. Chombo ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose munyika. Its misha zvizere - matani 49,8 Vehicle Length - .. 172 M uye upamhi -. 23.3. Nuclear yepasi pemvura "Dmitry Donskoy" anokwanisa akatakura 20 March-mudariro ICBM, ari kutanga guru 90 t. In 1996-1997. nokuda kwokushaya mari, zvikepe matatu chete dzino vakashumira zvose makore 12-13 okuberekwa, vakatorwa kubva Navy. Mumwe maviri - TK-20 uye TK-17 ( "Severstal" uye "Arkhangelsk") kuramba panhengo. The huru chikepe pane akatevedzana ndiye ngarawa yenyukireya "Dmitry Donskoy". Kweanopfuura makore 10 akanga pasi kugadziriswa panguva "Sevmash" kambani. Pano aiva kuzodzosera midziyo uye mazuvaano.

nezvombo

Pakutanga, yepasi pemvura "Dmitry Donskoy" akanga aronga kutanga kutaridza "Bark". Rakagadzirirwa muna Design Bureau. Makeyev. The kunzwisisa zvaisanganisira chombo ine warhead akaparadzaniswa mhando. Ravaifanira vakagadzirira pamwe kwegadziriro inertial Satellite nhungamiro. Aigovera mukuru kururama. Asi miedzo mana zvakaoma havana kubudirira. Panyaya iyi, kuti chombo yakagadziridzwa. Somugumisiro, kwakasarudzwa kumisa pamusoro warrior ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" yakaoma "Bulava-30", akaita maererano Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology. Aifanira kuchikosha paanopfuura American ishamwari "Trident II".

pakupera

Muna 2008, unorema kubva vakaronga matanho anotakura kutendeuka rapera. Muna December 2004, kuita kuvakwa gungwa miedzo yakanga yakasainwa. Maererano anotenderwa chirongwa muchikepe ngarawa bvunzo chombo kanda yakaoma "Bulava" dzaiitwa. Pari chikepe yave kushumira Navy.

Historical chitsamba: pfungwa yepakutanga

Sezvo muvambi pfungwa rokuvaka nenyanza ngarawa akaita Vice Admiral A. A. Popov. Akarayira Boka corvettes uye clippers. Experience anenge vaunganidza pakusika wokutanga warrior sevatsvaki vemapuranga vane housings nesimbi uye rework chikepe "Minin" Iye mudzidziso embodiments maviri. Panguva iyoyowo Popov akakumbira maitiro unhu Admiral wokupedzisira Aslanbegova. Musimboti yose vaitaura kuti dzave aunganidzwa, akapfupikisa sezvinotevera:

1. The atirari mungarava vanofanira chikuru caliber, asi rikaiswa kune vashomanana.
2. Ngarawa anofanira kuita frigate, kwete corvette. Anofanira kuva namahwindo bhatiri.
3. Zvakakodzera kuwedzera kukura: kureba kusvika 91,5 m, upamhi - 17.1 m.
4. Speed zvinokosha kuwedzera kune 16-17 nokusunungura mapfundo.
5. Power vanofanira ngazviwedzerwe 1000 litres chezita. a.
6. Nhamba Avangard sepombi anofanira kuderedzwa mina.
7. Kubva kaviri topsail kwemba anofanira kuraswa.
8. Coal kumucheto anofanira ngazviwedzerwe 1,2 zviuru. T.

Kushandisa nzvimbo yepamusoro, Popov akakunda kufarirwa mabasa pasina ekufambisa navo sachigaro michina komiti. In mangwanani March 1880 wokutanga chikepe muvaki akagadzwa wevarwi Samoilov. mubatsiri wake aiva mukuru Potapov. regadziriro basa rakatumirwa kuna kuti zvinhu kutanga mukupera May. Kubva 18 December muvaki akava Kuteinikov. March 28, 1881 wokutanga ngarawa wakaunganidza zita rayo "Dmitri Donskoi". The mhemberero rake yebasa Bookmarks musi May 9th.

Vamwe kuvakwa mashoko

Per Linear ngarawa "Dmitriy Donskoy" scripting gozvo hwemvura tikachirega. Pakarepo akasvika kwaari kukura. The mudhiraivho akaiswa pamusoro shure (tsika). Telegraph Machine akagadza nechemberi zambuko. Kusika zvinhu zvakakodzera basa sikuruwa chinokosha Tiller yagadzirwa mu akasununguka mvura "parallelogram kufamba." Zvakanga zvakati akaoma rwokugadzira dambudziko. Asi rakanga rapera.

bvunzo

Ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" kwakatangwa musi waAugust 18, 1883-ndipo. Munguva chokupedzisira. mabasa vakasimuka nematambudziko bureaucratic chokuita Kurwisana maviri ehurumende-anazvo zvengarava. Somugumisiro zviitiko akatambanudza pamusoro 2 years. Muna May 1885 yokutanga muchikepe akatanga yokuedzwa uye kubvuma michina nemidziyo ezvimbambaira uye atirari. Kusvikira August ari ngarawa "Dmitry Donskoy" akasunungurwa mugungwa katatu chete. Ake avhareji nokukurumidza yakanga 16.16 nokusunungura mapfundo uye muchina vanokwanisa 5972 litres. a.

hofisi

In Mumatsutso 1885 ari ngarawa yokutanga Mediterranean. Kwemakore maviri kuenda rinokosha yemasoja ikoko. Muna 1887 chikepe vaisanganisira Pacific dzechikwata akarayira Rear Admiral Kornilov. By May 1889 "Don" vakadzokera Kronstadt. Pano aiva muduku mhararano inonzi uye September 21, 1891 First akasunungura shure muGungwa reMediterranean. Ikoko akatungamirira yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro clipper "Anonetsa", frigate "Minin" uye gunboat "Uralets". Muna March 1892 vakuru chikwata yokutanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa. Ngarawa "Don DM." Akatumwa kuburikidza Sea Marmara kuConstantinople uye zvadaro Sea Black. Sezvo July 1892 chikepe chokutanga vachishandisa Vladivostok. Pano aiva mukuru simba dzechikwata. Muna February gore rinouya, ngarava akaenda Port Said. Pano kuti kutsiva mukuru Gessen akanga akareverera NA Green. The ngarawa yakanga rinotungamirirwa Russian kukupfura akakokwa nehurumende US kuti mhemberero yacho 400th gore kuwanikwa America. March 16 akatanga kushambira. Nokuda anotambudzika richikunda mhepo muenzaniso, "Don" akanga anonoka kuunganidzwa zvikepe uye ainanga New York. Muna September, akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake. boilers uye mota dzayo dzakanga zvakakomba kusakadzwa uye aida pakarepo kugadziriswa. By 1894 rapera basa ndipo. Muna 1895, kuti ngarawa akatsiviwa pamusoro katuriji Kane atirari pfuti. By October 29, 1895 vokutanga nemiedzo zvose apera. Ngarawa "Don" akasunungurwa muGungwa reMediterranean ne "Rurik". Panguva iyoyo akatanga kunetsana pamusoro Black Sea dzamushore. February 14, 1896 ngarava wokutanga takaendeswa kuFar East. April 9 zvakapinda Nagasaki. Nguva iyi okushumira rwakatambanudzwa kusvika 6 makore. Muna 1900, "Don" akatora chikamu mune anofambisa vehondo uye nezvikepe pana Port Arthur, uyo gare gare akatamira kuhondo chaiye.

Muna 1901, December 12, ngarava vakadzokera Kronstadt. Pano akapedza yaigadzirisa ake nokuda Pacific dzechikwata. Zvakananga, 6 kubva gumi 120-mm cannons zvatsiviwa ane 75mm pfuti. Muna 1903, kuti ngarawa "Diamond" uye "Don" kuenda Boka kuvaparadzi. Zvisinei, mhosva ikaramba iripo kwenguva yakareba kupfuura aronga uye ngarava akabatana ari oga yokuzviparadzanisa, akarayira Rear Admiral Virenius. In kwokutanga nzendo hondo akakwanisa kupfuura chete Gungwa Dzvuku uye akarayirwa kudzoka.

hondo Tsushima

Cruiser "Dmitry Donskoy" muna 1904 yakabatanidzwa mu 2 nd Pacific Squadron. Mutungamiri wechikepe akanga ari Kapiteni 1 ainzi Lebedev. Pashure pokunge apfuura nomugwagwa wekambani wakakomberedza m. YeGood Hope, musi waMay 14, 1905 akapinda muhondo iri pasi pemureza weRear Admiral Enquist mudunhu reKorea. Munguva yehondo mune imwe nguva nguva cruisers "Vl. Monomakh" uye "Donskoy Dmytroya" vakafukidza mativi avo neA Aurora, vasina kubatwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo pachavo vakanga vari pasi pomoto weJoks shells. Vatambi vechiRussia vaigona kukanganisa ngarava dzakawanda dzomuJapan. Panguva ino, yakakurumidza "Pearl", "Oleg" uye yakagadzirirwa "Aurora" yakabuda muhondo, ichinge yakagadzira nguva yakareba. Somugumisiro, Donskoy akaperekedza akasara ari oga. Sezvo vakakwanisa kudzivisa kuurayiwa kwemugove, ngarava yakamirira usiku ihwohwo ndokuenda kuVladivostok nemarambi acho neine mapfumbamwe.

Pakati pevaya vaifamba nenyaya yekutanga, chete "Donskoy" akakwanisa kuuya pedyo nechinangwa chikuru chekufamba. Do about. Kunyange akamira kuti abvise murairo kubva kune "Muparadzi" kuenda kumucheto wemuparadzi. Panguva iyoyo, zvikepe zvokutsvaga zveJapan zvakaonekwa panoperera: Tsushima, Niitaka, Otava, Akashi, Takachiho naNaniwa. Mukuwedzera kwavari, 4 vaparadzi vakanga vava kusvika kuDonskoy. Vakakurumidza kutora ngarava yega yoga ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo. Mutemo weRussia wakaramba kuzvipira uye wakaramba uchitsvaira kumativi maviri. Iko cruiser crew yakakwanisa kuparadza mauto maviri ezvikepe (Otava naNaniwa). Asi chikepe chacho hachikwanisa kuenderera mberi. Akagamuchira kukanganisa kwakadaro kuti mapampu aisagona kubata nemvura inouya kuburikidza nemakomba. Usiku, vashandi vacho vakatakurwa kuenda kuchitsuwa chacho uye mutungamiriri wavo akaurayiwa. Pakazosvika mangwanani cruiser Dmitry Donskoi akazununguka asina kuderedza mureza wake. Ivan Nikolayevich Lebedev akafa mazuva mashoma gare gare mukutapwa kweJapane.

Mhedziso

Sezviri pachena, kuguma kwechikepe kwakaoma zvikuru. Muzvokwadi, akagamuchira kuberekwa kwechipiri pakupera kwemazana makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri. Zvisinei, kushayikwa kwemari kwakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuidzorera. Nokudaro, yakatangwa anenge makore gumi gare gare. Zvinosuruvarisa, mumitemo yakawanda pane zvisingagoni kutendeseka. Zvisinei, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vari kunyatsoongorora nekujekesa chokwadi chaicho. Nhasi, iyo cruiser ndiyo inoshandiswa pasi rose mumasasa. Inoshandurwa zvikuru, ine zvombo zvekare uye zvigadzirwa. Chikepe chakapedza miedzo yose inodiwa uye iri kushanda muNavy.