Royal Navy: tsananguro, mazita uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Long pamberi mambo Peter "akavhura hwindo" muGungwa reBaltic, akateya nheyo Russian Navy, "vahosi yamakungwa" kwemazana emakore England anotonga mafungu pasi pose. The prerequisites nokuti ichi vari vaviri chaiyo, vazviparadzanise nevamwe nzvimbo UK uye geopolitical faniro mukurwisa vane masimba European - Spain, France, Portugal.

kutanga

nezvikepe guru rokutanga British inogona anoonekwa somunhu trireme uye diremy Roman Empire, yakanga kuuya kumubvunzo shipbuilding sezvinoita zvose - yake chaienda-kukwasva magwa yepamusoro mabikirwo nguva. Abva vaRoma uye paumbwe pamusoro kuBritish Isles muzvizhinji umambo siyana ngarava British yekudyidzana hunorasika zvinoriumba zvose - tonnage, processability uye uwandu.

Kukurudzira riwedzere kuti chidzoke zvikuru yepamusoro ngarava vakatanga kuzopindazve Scandinavians - the VaViking nezvaizoita kutsanya uye maneuverable Drakkar akaita kunoparadza vachirwisa pamusoro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa guta uye nechechi. Kuvakwa dzakawanda patrol rengarava akabvumira British kuti kuderedza marwadzo kubva mvumo.

Akatevera Danho kukura British muchiuto rengarava - nechisimba William Mukundi uye paumbwe imwe unitary mamiriro, England. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, uye kutaura pakuonekwa British rengarava.

British Royal Navy

The pamutemo nhoroondo Royal Navy England vanofanira kutanga Henry VII, uyo zvakawedzera British rengarava kubva mungarava 5 kusvika 30. Kusvikira mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16 gungwa British chaiwo laurels kwete kuwana, asi pashure kukunda Spanish "armáda" uye mujenya vedzimwe VICTORIA ezvinhu wengarava yokuzviparadzanisa kubva vakundi European (Spain uye France) akatanga anoyera kure.

Corsairs uye Pirates - mativi maviri zvakafanana

Munhoroondo dzinokosha British wengarava uye zvakawanda mutsetse chakakodzera kutaura mabasa yakakurumbira corsairs Chirungu, kupfuura inozivikanwa vacho vaiva Frensis Dreyk uye Henry Morgan. Pasinei kwayo kunoratidza kuda dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya "Musimboti mabasa", wokutanga wavo knighted uye akakunda vokuSpain, uye wechipiri vawedzera korona Chirungu mumwe nedhaimani - Caribbean yezvitsuwa.

R.N.

The pamutemo nhoroondo Navy Mukuru Britain (pane kusabvumirana chokuita pamberi fleets weEngland uye Scotland pamberi 1707, apo kwaiva mubatanidzwa wavo) kunotanga pakati rechi17. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Britain akatanga kuwana vakakurirwa vashoma uye vashoma mune hondo wengarava, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana mukurumbira hwakasimba masimba wengarava. Peak of Chirungu ukuru pamusoro pamafungu weveta Napoleonic Wars. Vakava kwekanguva kubwinya pangarava, uyo zvasvika ichi pfungwa yaro muzvigadzirwa siringi.

Mugumo Napoleonic Wars muRoyal Navy pakati Great Britain huchikwira nechigadziko pamusoro rengarava rakasimba munyika. Muzana remakore rechi19, Britain vaiva vokutanga kushandura muti uye nechikepe ive yesimbi uye chiutsi. Pasinei nokuti UK Navy wacho anongoda hapana chikamu hondo huru, kuti Navy zvaionekwa nomukurumbira chaizvo, uye nzeve kwerunyararo simba uye unoda wengarava mauto aiva chokutanga. Kukomba kuBritain mafungiro awo nani mumakungwa enyika ndechokuti sanyorwa dzidziso anorayiridza kuramba zvinotevera ukama wenhare; Royal Navy aifanira kuva nesimba kupfuura chero maviri navies zvabatanidzwa.

World: A guru zvikepe pamusoro soro Seas Fleet

Royal Navy muna World War kusina senyanga sezvo angadai kutarisirwa asati pakutanga: neboka rengarava guru, ane chinangwa chikuru chaiva kukundwa Germany High Seas Fleet, basa rake harina kugona - ake kurasikirwa rakanga yekudyidzana mukuru kupfuura vokuGermany. Pasinei neizvi, muUK shipbuilding vanokwanisa chaizvo zvokuti yava sezvairi ayo nani, kumanikidza Germany kusiya maitiro ari guru muhondo uye kutamira kune raider nzira kushandisa foni kwokubatana Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Panguva ino rinosanganisira kusikwa vaviri, pasina kupamhidzira, mumwe muganhu pakati warships, izvo kwava kumadziteteguru nzvimbo yose iri shipbuilding. Yokutanga yaiva HMS Dreadnought - mutsva mhando chigadzirwe nezvombo simba uye hwemvura turbine chirimwa, kuubvumira kuva naka panguva 21-nokusunungura mapfundo. Yechipiri yaiva HMS Areka Royal - imwe mutakuri ndege, vakashumira Navy Mukuru Britain kusvikira 1944.

Pasinei nezvose Nokurasikirwa Yenyika Rokutanga, kusvikira kwayo kumagumo UK rakanga pakuenzanisa neboka rengarava hombe, dangling on leaky bhajeti mutoro. Naizvozvo, Washington Agreement muna 1922, Kuderedza kuvafambisi vengarava vamwe mari iri nechimwe makirasi zvikepe, yakava ruponeso chaiyo vepachitsuwa chacho.

Hondo Yenyika II: Basa riri bug

Royal Navy UK zvikepe pakutanga World Second vapiwe guru-kukwanisa ngarava makumi maviri (battleships uye vatakuri ndege), ngarava 66 cruising mukirasi, anenge mazana maviri vaparadzi matanhatu gumi nembiri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, dzakakudzingai kuvaka. Masimba ava kupfuura zvinowanikwa nzvimbo Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri mashoma nguva, izvo akabvumira British kuti tariro yakanaka mugumisiro pachako wengarava hondo.

VokuGermany, achiziva ukuru British, havana kuwana zvematongerwo zvakananga apesane squadrons simba vakabatana uye kuita remagandanga hondo. A rinokosha akanga reDare Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, izvo Third Reich riveted anenge chiuru!

Karl Doenitz, "Guderian pemvura", kwakasimbiswa nzira kuti "mhumhi rongedza", iyi yekuti kurwisa convoys uye yokurwiswa mhando "ikakuruma - bounced". Uye kekutanga, zvinobhururuka squads pamusoro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German akatungamirira Britain vachingotya nehana - the debut rehondo muna North Atlantic akanga paakavapa inoshamisa uwandu nazvo mune zvokutengeserana uye Navy pamusoro Great Britain.

An mamwe yakanaka raivapo Germany ndechokuti mujinga Navy Mukuru Britain pamusoro 1941 akarasika zvikuru nhamba uye unhu - pokukundwa France, kupambwa Belgium uye Netherlands akabata inorwadza kurwadzisa urongwa vepazvitsuwa. Asi Germany aiva nomukana zvinobudirira kushandisa chiduku yepasi pemvura ane shoma nguva, zvionera wekushandisa.

Vakakwanisa kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu tichiregeredza decrypting ari Codes ose vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa German, kusika gadziriro itsva convoys, zvivako zvinoverengeka zvinodzidzisa unyanzvi hwakasiyana perekedza zvikepe uye mhepo rutsigiro yakakwana. Kumwe kubudirira British mugungwa vakasonganira nevasina guru shipbuilding zvivako (Britain vakanga vachivaka ngarava dzichimhanya kupfuura vokuGermany yakanyura navo), uye pamwe omubatanidzwa budiriro panyika. Italy mbudo kubva hondo vakabvisa Germany zvayo Mediterranean echiuto, uye Hondo Atlantic akanga akunda.

Falklands: kunetsana kufarira

Munguva yepashure pehondo, Royal Navy Zvikepe munyaya pamwero mukuru Falklands War pamwe Argentina. Pasinei zvisina hunhu makakatanwa, kurasikirwa vepazvitsuwa akaita anoverengeka zana vanhu, ngarava vanoverengeka uye gumi nevaviri vanodzima. Chokwadi, pane kuti munhu mukuru gungwa simba muBritain nyore pakuvazve rokudzora Falklands.

hondo chando

Asi chikuru maoko nhangemutange aisava yekare vavengi - Japan uye Germany, uye pamwe ichangopfuura shamwari pamusoro chinogumbura - Soviet Union. "Hondo Yamashoko" aigona chero nguva dzapisa, saka Royal Navy akanga achiri kumusoro takamuka. Placement pamusoro wengarava bwezvingoro, budiriro uye nokutumwa rwengarava itsva, kusanganisira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vane zvombo zvenyukireya - British zvose akaita atova chinzvimbo chechipiri nhamba. Huru kunetsana waiva pakati titans maviri - Soviet Union neUnited States.

Military British Navy nhasi

Nhasi zvinonzi vaiona makuru ari Old World uye yaisanganisira (iri kutenderera hwaro) muna Navy NATO. Ndege vatakuri uye chombo sevatsvaki vemapuranga vachikwanisa kutakura zvenyukireya warheads ndivo huru unoshamisa rehondo Navy pakati Great Britain. Kuronga nayo panguva 64 muchikepe, izvo 12 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, inotakura 2, 6 vaparadzi, 13 kirasi "frigate" Ngarava, vatatu kumhara 16 minesweeper uye chikwata uye chikwata magwa maviri. Mumwe upiyona chikepe, "Fort Dzhordzh" hondo nani zvemasanga.

Ndicho mutakuri flagship ndege "rusvingo" - multipurpose chikepe kuti anoita kwete chete basa Achivakira uriri ndege, asi yokuwana basa (hutachiwana kusvika 250 Zvikepe uye kuenda neherikoputa midziyo). "Rusvingo" yakavakwa muna 2001 uye aiswe kushanda muna 2005.

The chikuru simba pamusoro-mvura vari frigates dzinoti "Norfolk", anonzi pashure ane Chirungu nashe, uye kushanda mungarava yepasi pegungwa - SSBN dzinoti "Vanguard", vakashongedzerwa zvenyukireya zvinokandwa. Fleet kunobva mu Harare, Clyde uye Portsmouth, uye Plymouth Devonport chawo anoshanda basa iri pamwe 1588! Kunyange zvazvo anodzivirira zvikepe ndookuvandira nokuda Spanish chaizvo "armáda". Iye ndiye chete iro rokugadziridza zvikepe zvenyukireya injini.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Recycling ngarava Royal Navy kirasi SSBNs (zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura) hauna - pane vepazvitsuwa ane muzvigadzirwa mukana. Saka, kupedza upenyu hwavo operative pamusoro yepasi pemvura chete rakachengetedzwa kusvikira nguva nani.

Russian chombo ngarawa ngaupfuure ari miganhu mvura United Kingdom muna 2013 zvakashamisa kwete chete vanhu munhuwo asiwo nezvikepe munyika. Russian Navy ari kumhenderekedzo Great Britain! Pasinei mamiriro gungwa simba, Britain vasiri nyore kuwana chikepe akafanana kirasi uye kukwanisa mberi akananga Russian ngarawa.

British vaiva chinzvimbo chinokosha pakasikwa nezvemarudzi maviri ngarava kwemakore akawanda akachinja chiso hondo wengarava: dreadnought - simba nokutsanya warship a, mukuru vorongerwa aro agility, uyewo simba volley uye mutakuri ndege - ngarava, inova huru nhasi Navy kumanikidzira zvose zvikuru kunyika.

pakupedzisira

Chii zvachinja muBritish Navy kubvira panguva utongi hweRoma uye nanhasi? Royal Navy vakabva kusimba sudenyshek Saxon earls kune akavimbika uye simba frigates "Manowar" nguva Drake uye Morgan. Uyezve, kare panguva yepamusoro simba raro, rakanga rokutanga gungwa kumativi. hondo mbiri dzenyika kuzununguswa dominion Pax Britannika, asi kwaari uye ake nezvikepe.

Parizvino, Day of Navy Mukuru Britain maererano tonnage riri 6th nzvimbo, shure India, Japan, China, Russia, uye United States, uye vokuAmerica "vepachitsuwa" anorasikirwa anenge 10 nguva! Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti aimbova nyika pashure vaviri emakore kuti anozvideredza aitarire aimbova nyika mai?

Kunyange zvakadaro, Britain Navy - hazvisi chete pfuti, vatakuri ndege, zvombo uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Iyi ndiyo - nhoroondo. Nhoroondo kukunda kukuru uye kupwanya vakakurirwa, umhare mabasa uye nenjodzi dzevanhu ... "Kwaziwai Britannia, tenzikadzi yamakungwa!"