Munyori Saleri Antonio: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu. Antonio Salieri uye Mozart

Name Antonio Salieri inobatanidzwa zvakasimba Mozart uye rufu rwake. Asi murume uyu aiva muimbi mukuru, uyo akanyora zvinopfuura 40 operas uye yakabudiswa muupenyu vakawanda vadzidzi. Sezvo rakavapo sezvo munyori wacho upenyu?

udiki

About makore oupenyu hwake mangwanani Salieri akanyora pachake, vachisiya dare dhayari zvinyorwa raibhurari. Zvinozivikanwa kuti August 18, 1750 muguta duku riri pedyo Verona Legnago mwana mukomana - Antonio Salieri. Biography yake haina pakutanga taitarisira nziyo migwagwa. mhuri yake yakanga yaita kutengeserana, asi vana vakapiwa dzidzo, uye mukoma, Antonio, uyo akadzidza mumhanzi, akadzidzisa zvidzidzo zveramangwana wenziyo wokutanga. Zvisinei, mhuri idyl haina kutora nguva refu. Kana mukomana aiva nemakore 13, amai vake vakafa. Pashure paizvozvo akaenda kusauka uye baba vake vakafa, uye vana vakatorwa nehama. Vamwe nguva Salieri aigara mumhuri yakapfuma muVenice neshamwari yababa vake. Vachirangana kumupa zvakakomba dzidzo mimhanzi, sezvo vamuona simba kusiko.

Netsaona bhizimisi muVenice panguva ino akasvika Florian Gassmann, dare Munyori, kondakita yaKesari Joseph II. Akaona Salieri mukuru zvokuridza mafungiro ndokutora pamwe naye Vienna kumupa dzidzo yakakodzera.

Kutanga upenyu hutsva muAustria

June 15, 1766, Antonio vakasvika Vienna, iyo yakava musha chaiwo kwaari. Handiti pano iye yakawana mukurumbira, akava uyo akarota yokuva. Gassman akashingaira akatora Kurovedza mboni, akakumbira kwaari kuti vadzidzisi uye zvidzidzo counterpoint akazvipa. Salieri vakadzidza mitauro mina, akadzidza kuverenga mumhanzi, kuridza zviridzwa zvinoverengeka. Gassman akaedza kuita Antonio neava chete, asiwo munhu wenyika. Akadzidzisa naye tsika, tsika nemagariro, kugona kutakura pamusoro kukurukurirana. Panoperera muupenyu Salieri wepanguva anoti kuti aiva muimbi vakadzidza zvikuru muVienna.

Gassman akaita akasuma protege yake siyana zvikuru unyanzvi vanhu iyoyo. Ndiye ndinozivana Gluck Salieri, aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro paumbwe muimbi. Maecenas zvakare akasuma mudzidzi Emperor Joseph, uyo ainzwira urombo hwako chipo. Mumiririri yakakurumbira Habsburg chaizvo kwazvo mumhanzi uye ainyatsoziva mariri, dare aumba mimhanzi workshop, waiva entree uye Salieri. Zvazova papuratifomu yeramangwana rake Pazvinhu basa mudare.

Musical basa

Saleri Antonio, achiri mupenyu mukati Italy, vakatanga kugadzira mimhanzi, asi pamusoro nenyanzvi mabasa anogona chete taurai Viennese munguva. Pokuda muimbi akava mubatsiri anorichengeta ake uye akagamuchira zvirevo duku urongwa, kupinza mumba dhanzi, achinyora paku zvidimbu. Kwemakore 20 seri ruzivo wenziyo akanga atova imwe dhanzi "Wakadzidziswa vakadzi", waakanyora pamwe chete Boccherini. Iye akava vamwe kubudirira, uye akaiswa kwete chete muna Vienna asiwo muPrague. Uyewo panguva iyoyo, Antonio aiva munyori mabasa akawanda richishanda. Gare gare Salieri libretto kubudikidza Boccherini akanyora imwe enyambo dhanzi. Akakwanisa kutaura pachavo akabudirira chaizvo debut, uye gare gare basa rake rakanga chete kumusoro.

Works 'Fair Venice "," kumwene weimba "," Armida "Salieri nechokwadi inogona kuenderera kubudirira uye mbiri Europe yose, dhanzi ake" Jerusarema Rinonunurwa "rakabatanidzwa kufanorongwa muSt Petersburg.

Muna 1774, akafa mudzidzisi uye mupinduriri pakati Salieri - Florian Gassmann, uye Antonio "nhaka" mune nzvimbo Kapellmeister of Italian dhanzi kambani uye nzvimbo yepamusoro mumhanzi munyori. Nokuti jaya makore 24, akanga ari makuru basa achikwakuka. Asi basa dare haana hwakavimbika chaizvo, uye muimbi akaita mupenyu nokunyorera uye inoshandiswa pakutsigira operas nokuda siyana dzemitambo mu Europe. Saka, muna 1778 yakakurumbira yemitambo "La Scala", rakavakwazve pashure moto muMilan, akazarura dhanzi mwaka Salieri.

Munyori akashanda nesimba nyasha ano vateereri, asi naiye aifarira kuchinja zvinhu dhanzi, iro Gluck. Iye kunyange akanyora mabasa anokosha akawanda, dzichiri glyukovskie chinzvimbo.

Munguva 80s yakawanda Salieri uye pamwe Parisian yemitambo "Comédie Française" uye Opera Theater. Akasika dhanzi "Tarar" pamusoro libretto yaiva yakakurumbira Beaumarchais, rwakazokura kuzivikanwa, kwaikosheswa yaakakudza vatsoropodzi uye aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira yose mumhanzi European.

Muna 1788, Saleri Antonio vakagadzwa Kapellmeister padare Joseph II. Yakanga chiratidzo chemhando kunyatsoongorora munorumbidzirweiko uye netarenda munyori. Akakwanisa kugara ari muruvazhe Habsburgs uye inotevera maviri madzimambo. Basa rake courtly Salieri kuvakwa muna 1824, apo utano risisiri akamubvumira kuti aite mabasa.

Muupenyu hwake, munyori akanyora operas 40, Concerts uye vazhinji paku mabasa zvomudzimu chamber mumhanzi.

Salieri zvikuru nesimba uye mari yakapiwa kuchengetedza uye kusimudzira rokusika nhaka kumupi ake - Florian Gassmann, akanga kubatanidzwawo mune dzidzo mwanasikana wake, kubva izvo akakura chinoshamisa ano ari operatic pechikuva.

mabasa makuru

Kana ukatarira kubudirira uye zvibereko munyori munhoroondo mumhanzi, mumwe wevaya ndiye Antonio Salieri, Albums vane mabasa anowanika zvose zvinoridzwa mumaraibhurari muEurope. operas ake uye nhasi kuramba kumhanya, uye zvisikwa vazhinji wenziyo ndiyo nzira itsva kuti nguva yaro, achivabvumira kudana-shanduka danho munyika mimhanzi. Rinonyatsooneka mabasa Saleri Antonio vari "Tarar" Opera, "Danaus", "Mambo Aksur pamusoro Hormuz," "Falstaff" uye "Requiem" uye vamwe kamuri zvidimbu.

Educational basa

Kuwedzera kunyora unoshanda Saleri Antonio kuedza zvikuru kushanda pamwe vadzidzi. Akasika nzira kugadzirira vaimbi zvake, ukama hwake pamwe Trust vane pfungwa uye manzwiro. Famous vadzidzi kuti Antonio Salieri - Liszt, Beethoven, Czerny, Meyerbeer, Schubert. Pamwe iye yakabereka matanhatu gumi nevaviri musicians - Vanyori uye vaimbi.

Antonio Salieri uye Mozart: shamwari kana vavengi?

Ngano pamusoro kupondwa Mozart aiva chituko chaiyo Salieri. Gossip akazviratidza mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu munyori wacho, uye vakatevera naye kusvikira parufu rwake. Nhema akava kukurumbira zvakapararira, kusanganisira nokuda matarenda mabhuku kubudiswa Pushkin uye Schaeffer, uye muzana remakore rechi20 uye M. Forman. Zvisinei, chokwadi chaiva kure vemungano nyaya. Salieri pamwe Mozart, aidzidza kuita mabasa ake. Vakanga vasina kuvhara shamwari, asi yakawanda vachitaura, uye Salieri vasina chikonzero kuuraya, nekuti muupenyu hwake hwose akanga zvikuru kubudirira pane Mozart.

Private upenyu wenziyo

In zvavo upenyu, Salieri, Antonio akanga kubudirira sezvo ari okusika. Muna 1775 iye akawana uye akararama vachifara zvose hwake nomukadzi akaritumidza rudo rwake huru. Vaiva 8 nevana. Theresa mudzimai akafa makore 18 adarika Salieri, uye akarasikirwa naye kusvikira kumagumo hwake.