Kurt Tank uye ndege

Kurt Tank - German nendege wakachenjera uye bvunzo mutyairi, uyo kutungamirirwa ndege. Iye kwakasimbiswa inoverengeka inozivikanwa munyika yose ndege, akadai sokuti "Condor" uye "Marut".

Kurt Tank: Biography

Akaberekwa Kurt Waldemar Tank February 24, 1898 mu East Prussia (guta Bromberg-Shvedenhoe). Apo World Rokutanga, iye nokuzvidira akaenda kuhondo. Nokukurumidza aiva refutenendi uye akarayira boka, uyo akarwa pamusoro Western Front, apo akanga akuvara. Tank akapedza hondo sezvo mukuru uye aiva mibayiro wandei kuti ushingi.

Kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1922 akadzidza paChikoro Higher Technical School kweBerlin, uko iye kudzidza zvinobudirira kuwana dzakagadzirirwa magetsi injiniya. Zvisinei, sezvo mudzidzi akanga zvikuru vaneshungu nezvokusikwa gliders, saka nguva dzose kupinda mharidzo Professor Everling rwakazvitsaurira aerodynamics. Uyezve, Kurt Tank yacho ndoga uye kupinda makirasi mu ndege. Vakaenda panguva, Purofesa Reisner.

Yokutanga giraidha tangi kwakanga kwakundikana. Nokukurumidza iye akagadzira muenzaniso itsva uye akadana kwaari "dhiyabhorosi shoma." Akanga saka vaneshungu nezvebasa rake, kunyangarika kwemazuva ari okudhindira kuti vakaziva yapera: haana nguva yokugadzirira ose vanodhirowa chokudzivirira chinyorwa chavo. Ipapo jaya vakasarudza kutora nezano danho: anoirayira panze patafura pamberi mapurofesa Hoff Percival uye kwake kunobata vanodhirowa "dhiyabhorosi duku" uye kuti Akashamisika achigona.

kutanga ruzivo

Apedza, Kurt Tank inoshanda rimwe duku avhiyesheni makambani. Muna 1924 iye akapiwa injiniya dhigirii uye pakarepo anoenda fekitari Rohrbach Rohrbach Metallflugzeugbau, iri muBerlin. Wozoita kambani, iye anogamuchira brevet. Zvisinei, akanga asina ruzivo sezvo ndege chikoro akanga chirongwa chete kwokutanga kudzidzisa, kubhururuka kanoverengeka panguva nyore biplane.

Rohrbach panguva chirimwa, anotora chikamu kukura kwete chete ndege magwa, asi mumwe yokutanga mutakurwi ndege "Roland". Asi kutanga, zvaiva chete zvidzidzo yokungotaura pamusoro manageability uye rakavimbika ndege. Panongotanga kuwa chero mukana, angadai kugara motokari uye honed anokwanisa kushandisa munhu seaplane.

Munguva bvunzo igwa Ro-III akaratidza kuti kana kudyara izvozvowo paricharova mvura, uye izvi zvinoita mamwe kuzvuzvungudza vezvikepe. Tank aida kushongedzera igwa keel chaiyo damping, uye pfungwa yave kugamuchirwa. Zvichida rakazvimirira basa iri pakutanga, izvo akaratidza kuti Kurt Tank sezvo ndege anogona kutora nzvimbo.

ndangariro

Kubva nguva akatanga kushanda musi Kusimudzira seaplane, chikuru nehanya nyaya simba rake. Nendege kune Ro-III, zviri panongova angotanga yokuva bvunzo mutyairi wendege. Kuva zvikuru ruzivo, iye muna 1936 vakagamuchira mwero Dhokotera Technical Sciences uye Office Flugkapitan, uye akahwina mibayiro wandei. Zvisinei, Kurt Tank, makore ane upenyu rizere ndege, aizvikoshesa chete chokuti iye vaedze mutyairi wendege.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti ndege Ro-III anozivikanwa zvakakwana, nokuti rakavambwa zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Sam ndege nendege nayo chivindi nemijenya. Uyezve, iye areverera uye zvidzidzo chokuita chokugadza kureba uye Hwokutengesa hwindimiri injini nzvimbo. The yakakurumbira apo Erns mutyairi Udet Tank mundege achizodzikinura mumwe rekodhi - kuyambuka kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira rose Atlantic Ocean. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kutora nzvimbo nokuti michina zvikonzero vaifanira kuisa motokari chaipo pegungwa.

mushandirapamwe

Kwenguva yakati akashanda mumwe akakurumbira German ndege wakachenjera Willy Messerschmitt. Sezvinoita mutyairi wendege bvunzo, Tank kugona vanobvumirana pfungwa dzake, zvainanga kufambisa kufadza muchina kuti vawedzere ayo akurumidze. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, Messerschmitt akanzwa kuti simba ndege hakusi kukosha sezvo professionalism ari mutyairi wendege.

Zvisinei, Kurt Tank haadi kugoverana maonero nevamwe uye aivimba kuti kuwedzera dziine nokukurumidza simba uye kuchengeteka ndege inofanira chete kuwedzera. Naizvozvo, matatu Messerschmitt ndege anosiya fekitari, kuti hukama pakati vaviri unyanzvi mainjiniya mune ramangwana kugara noushamwari.

Jobs "Focke-Wulf"

The tangi 1927 chinopinda kambani Albatros Flugzeugwerke. Makore mana gare gare, izvozvo wefodya neimwe kambani Focke-Wulf, iri Valenza. Pano, kubva November 1931, akashanda se mukuru mugadziri panguva anotungamirira dhipatimendi kuti kutiza nemiedzo.

Kurt tangi uye jets FW-58 Weihe, FW-Stosser 56 uye FW-200 Condor ( «Condor") vakakodzerwa zvechokwadi dzakawanda pamutemo. Wokutanga wavo vakagadzirira pakazopera 1933, uye ndege yakava hwokugadzira Kumutungamiriri guru kambani.

Development ndege itsva

Muna 1936, basa rakatanga musi muchina mutsva FW-200 "Condor". Chokutanga, ndege akanga akaiswa ive mhepo transatlantic liner, saka ndege yokutanga muzhizha 1937, akaita kuti chinzvimbo. Zvisinei, munguva yehondo, Kurt Tank akasarudza kushandisa rive kumberi ushori kutsvaga muvengi convoys muna North Atlantic mvura. Mushure yavo vasabatwa ndege Vakarwisa chokufambisa kana vakatumira kwavari armáda yose Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German.

Maererano vamwe vakapinda Luftwaffe zvombo data, zvose pamwe September 1939 zvakanzi wakabudiswa 259 FW-200 "Condor". Vamwe mota aya kunyange kushandiswa senzvimbo chokufambisa ndege kuti kusimuka pamusoro vatungamiriri. Zvisinei, vazhinji vavo, uye nomwe zvokusarudza vachiri chero Ndege kana kumberi ushori. Various okunatsiridza "Condor" vakasiyana mumwe design chombo midziyo kana yokuisira mabhomba kuvapo radar kana homing, uye Chikurukuru - maoko.

Development of ndege FW-190

Tarenda uyu kwakaratidzwa panguva magadzirirwe murwi idzva FW-187, kokutanga vabviswe mhepo muna 1937. Uye gore rakatevera raiva akagadzirira uye tactical ushori ndege FW-189. Ushande muchina mutsva FW-190 akatanga nepfungwa yokuti zvakasimba "Focke-Wulf" akaisa nezvokusika murwi idzva pamusoro mirayiridzo Germany Reyhsministerstva avhiyesheni. In Mumatsutso 1937 zvakagadzirwa chikwata, vanotungamirirwa dzehondo, vakatanga kugadzirira pakarepo chirongwa maviri akasiyana chete simba chirimwa.

Wokutanga ndege nepokuongorora 12-humburumbira Daimler-Benz db 601, akaita muchimiro ane inverted V, mura kutonhora. In yechipiri muchina akagadzawo TOUR injini mhepo dzaserera BMW-139. Kana ndege iyi akakwanisa mutengi kuti inowanzoshandiswa ndege German mu-mutsetse injini vagutsikane, nguva ino ichava isashande.

Kana kuenda rokutanga kumumvuri yakaratidza kumhanya 595 km / h. Kwebvunzo mutyairi Kurt Tank akaita dzakawanda bvunzo ndege. Zvisinei, kuongorora izvi mukuru-nokukurumidza ndege, nguva imwe neimwe kuva kuoma, saka ndege mugadziri aifanira kurega yemberi zvose mishoni. FW-190B-9 ane pamusoro kumhanya 730 km / h, sezvo akanga vakapakata vodometanolovym akisarareta, izvo akwanise kuva uchitsanya murwi kukurirwa vose vatsigiri ndege.

Mitambo muhondo

In Mumatsutso 1942 akaudzwa kuti US uto anoda kuunganidza muItaly uye Britain, nhamba huru ndege, zvinosanganisira vakawanda Ndege, vakanga vari kurwa Nazi Germany. Yaiva nyaya kudiwa dzemakomo anorwisa. Messerschmitt uye Tank aida kufungisisa pfungwa iyi. In chinyorwa pfupi mashoko pakazopera iroro, mumwe murwi itsva Ta 152.

Nokuti basa iri, uye nokuda kwake zvose zvapfuura dhigirii Tank akava nyanzvi Technical University of Braunschweig. Mukuwedzera, pakaitwa murayiro wacho wakasainwa nomukuru Germanom Geringom kuti marudzi ose vachangobva kusikwa ndege yakatanga pasi pauzima kutungamirirwa ndege iyi unyanzvi, zvino kunzi "TA" - mabhii maviri unonzi yake yokutanga.

Kunyange apo zvose zvakanga atova pachena kuti Third Reich ndarasikirwa hondo, tangi vakashanda vasinganeti. Akava yokuvaka pamusoro Disc serin'i neherikoputa, yakanga vasina nguva yokuedza yokutanga. Motokari iyi aifanira vanobhururuka zvisingatomboiti ndege, uye panguva imwecheteyo Kutama chero nhungamiro, kana zvakakodzera, kuti kuyengerera mudenga.

pashure pehondo,

It akaramba nyaya mazuva asati pokuwa Third Reich. Tank ainyatsoziva kuti German avhiyesheni indasitiri hakusisipo. Nokukurumidza Berlin yakatorwa nemauto omubatanidzwa wedzimwe uye akakamurwa sectors. Hondo matsotsi akatanga kubata yose Germany, uye ipapo munjodzi. Pakati pavo paiva nenhamba zvakadai vakakurumbira sezvo Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering, musoro reNazi Party, Rudolf Hess, musoro kupfuura boka "Friedrich Krupp" Gustav Krupp, Reich hondo maindasitiri , Albert Speer uye SS Panzer General Meyer. uyewo Kurt Tank haana muzvirongwa zvayo kudarika, saka haana asungwa.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti yaimbova Germany haako, upenyu vakapfuurira uye taiva kumwe kutsvaka basa, kwete chete nokuti iye asiwo vashandi vavo. The pedyo vashandirwi panguva iyoyo vaiva vakundi. Chokwadi vose mafekitari "Focke-Wulf", kutiza US uye kubhomba British pamusoro Valenza kare akatamira kumabvazuva, muna Posen, neguta reMarienburg uye Cottbus. Saka vakanga mundima raitungamirwa nemauto eSoviet.

A vazhinji vashandi uye nemhuri dzavo vakanga vasara pasina basa kana chero nzira nechouviri. Asi pakanga nerunyerekupe kuti Russian vanoda kusika pamusoro Bureau of German masayendisiti, vagadziri yakati kuvaka yokutevedzera itsva ndege, pana avo akasiyana ruzivo. Tank uye saka akasvika kwakadzama nevamiririri Soviet, izvo, zvisinei, akasvika pasina kutungamirira. Akaedza kumisa nevanhu British uye kunyange Chinese vatongi Tea Canche. Zvisinei, izvozvo akamuponesa akokwa Argentina. Sezvaunoziva, nyika iyi iri imwe nguva aishanda pamwe vaNazi nokuvapa dzavo yepasi pemvura zvigadziko.

Jobs in Argentina

Kurt Tank nemhuri yake vakatamira itsva dzokugara. Pano ari mubasa basa rake kufarira uye afunge murwi itsva nokuti Argentine Air Force ndege injini. The hwaro pokumuka injiniya Hans Multhoppa akabatwa. Raiva murwi chirongwa Ta-183, iyo akatanga wandei kuchinja. The miedzo ndege itsva FMA Pulqui II wokutanga akapfuura pakupera June 1950. Rakanga piloted ne Captain E. Trappers. Mashoko ake pamusoro motokari dzakanga zvikuru kutsoropodza.

Chete vatanhatu ndege idzi dzakavakwa, uye ipapo, makore mana gare gare, basa yakavharwa. Muna 1955, President Perón, uyo akakoka Tank kushanda, kunyimwa simba somugumisiro nevapanduki. Ndege fekitari Cordoba pedyo. Kurt Tank aro ndege isingachadiwi. injiniya German uye ndege neemhizha asina sarudzo, asi kusiya Argentina. Tank anouya Germany uye kuedza kuramba basa, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

Development of ndege nokuda Indian Air Force

Muna 1955, ndege kumanikidzwa zvakare kusiya nyika yokumusha kwavo. Akatamira India. Mune rimwe vendege, iri Bangalore, iye boka nyanzvi mubasa racho kuvaka multi-chinangwa murwi, yainzi Zvakanaka hf-24 Marut. Zvisinei, kutanga kutora-kure kubva ndege akanga kubudirira - Iye yakadonha. Pasinei neizvi, basa vakaenda.

Muna November 1967, paitova zviitiko izvi maindasitiri muchina. Marut murwi akava muchiuto ndege yokutanga chakagadzirirwa uye yakavakwa India. Makore mana gare gare, akatora mugove mukurwa riri pamuganhu Pakistan.

dzokera

Muna 1970, ndege auya kumusha. Kwemakore anoverengeka aiva consultant of Berlin kambani "Messerschmitt-Bel'kov-Blóm."

Kurt Tank (Photo kunogona kuonekwa munyaya) afa muMunich pakutanga June 1983. upenyu hwake hwose hwaiva kuratidzwa yaitonga kuti achiripo zviuru vakadzidza German. Sezvo mugumo zvaidiwa izvozvo zvakaitika kuti vakamanikidzwa kushanda abatsire yavo, kunyange kana yeNazi, hurumende zvainanga uchikunda nyika. Asi, pasinei ichi, achiri kukwanisa kuita mupiro chinokosha munhoroondo ndege.