"Novik" - muparadzi kuRussia rengarava

Pakutanga XX remakore aizivikanwa kukurumidza kukura yeRussian Empire ose kudzivirira indasitiri. Ukasachengeta vachifambirana vakawanda kuitika uye shipbuilding.

Akava "Novik" Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvikepe Russian Navy. Muparadzi aiva hunoshamisa seaworthiness uye maneuverability, izvo rinobvumira kushandiswa mudziyo mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

prerequisites

The hondo Japan akazivisa neutera uye munjodzi yeRussian rengarava. Sezvo mari muchivigiro kuti modernize warships haana, nezvikepe akazivisa kuunganidzwa mari pakuvaka zvokuzvidira ngarava matsva. mari izvi akaronga kuvaka ngarava wandei makirasi siyana. Pakati pavo - kuvaparadzi, dreadnoughts uye kuvaparadzi.

zvirongwa

The mainjiniya itsva michina nematambudziko nokuti pakusikwa chikepe nokudzikinurwa. Vanoparadza mhando "Novik" aifanira zvinodiwa dzazvino, vanofanira kuva zvakasimba, zvakanaka-zvombo uye pahunosiya. Technical zvechadenga kumumvuri kunofanira sezvinotevera:

• Kasira - kusvika 36 inokwana zviyero;
• zvazvingava panguva zvizere mutoro - vanenge 33 change;
• simba chikwata simba miti - Turbines Parsons.

The mabasa vakanga kwakaoma kuti mainjiniya nguva. Naizvozvo, mapato vanofarira kuti zvakaziviswa yemarudzi makwikwi yokugadzira chikepe mhando "Novik". chizvarwa chitsva mudzimba Vavaki vengarava kuziva muparadzi.

The Commission vakanga vachipisira vanodhirowa Creighton shipyard uye Nevsky, Putilov uye Admiralty mafekitari. Pashure pemisangano chokupedzisira chacho vakaziva Kumukundi of Putilov chirimwa, iro rakavakwa mune ramangwana, "Novik". Muparadzi yakanga yakataurwa chikwata mainjiniya vanotungamirirwa dd Dubitsky, uyo aitarisira zvokuimba muchikepe, uye BO Vasilevsky mutariri shipbuilding.

kuvaka

Uye muna 1907, dare iri "Novik" akanga rakaiswawo magadzirirwo. A itsva mhando muparadzi akaiswa panguva Putilov shipyard muna 1910. In basa vachishingaira vaiitawo kambani German "Volcano", iyo akaita kuti kugadzira, kubereka uye dzishandise pamusoro mudziyo chiine hwakanyatsorwisa simba bhaira-turbine kugadzwa pachigaro muparadzi "Novik".

mudziyo vanodhirowa wakaisvonaka-zvirire sezvo pakupera chikepe. Mutariri weboka kuvakwa vaparadzi akatarisa chikwata NV Forester, uyo akashanda se wevarwi ari Corps pamusoro Naval Architects, Captain Corps zvemainjiniya uye hurongwa rengarava Kravchenko GK injiniya Chief kuvaka yakanga KA TENNYSON.

The pakuonekwa chikepe

Muna October 1913 kokutanga akasiya nechiteshi chengarava chizvarwa kuzvikudza wokuRussia Navy - muparadzi "Novik". Photo musangano St. Petersburg, achifamba pamusoro Neva embankment uye akasangana akanaka chikepe, sezvinei, vakapona. Newspapers panguva akataura kuti vagari vakawanda vava kuyemura nomuparadzi itsva. Pashure pezvose, chikepe ichi yakavakwa maererano nheyo itsva rwokugadzira. Ngarava iri vakapakata vakawanda Avangard sepombi, nokukurumidza-102-millimeter atirari uriri chete mudziyo kuti kugadzwa minefields akava archpriest wokuRussia Avangard uye atirari warship chinangwa nokudenga. Uyewo, "Novik", muparadzi yakanga vakapakata pamusoro-bhodhi mugadziriro salvo moto - mawa volley kwepfuti sere zvichiita chete motokari mukirasi yacho.

Chimwe rakasiyana unhu kwake kumhanya - kwenguva refu (kusvikira 1917) ndiye chete chikepe kuti aigona kutanga uye kuramba nokukurumidza pamusoro 37 nokusunungura mapfundo.

The yokutanga World

Apo Russian Empire akapinda Hondo Yenyika II, "Novik" akanga akanyoresa sevatsvaki vemapuranga pakati kuBaltic Fleet yokuzviparadzanisa. Mukurwira yake yokutanga akabuda September 1, 1914. The vachirwa motokari iri kuitisa akazvimiririra kurwisa, kuvimba pachake simba rayo uye rapidity. Muzhizha 1915 mu muGulf of Riga dzakatanga vaparadzi maviri German vairayirwa kuwana uye kunyura mungarava weRussia.

"Novik" The chikwata akakwanisa kutsausa kurwisa vaviri, kwaiitwa zvakakomba kukuvara artelleriyskim moto. Uye izvi kubudirira mabasa zvechiuto ari Biography muareka vaiva vazhinji.

mumakore achangodarika

Panguva October Revolution, mashoko kunozivikanwa "Novik" akanga mothballed. Chete pashure Civil War, muna 1925, akavhiyiwa zvishomanana gadziridzo uye mazuvaano. Chikepe Yakazopiwa zita rokuti. Zvino kunozivikanwa muparadzi ainzi mumwe vatungamiriri chimurenga - ". Yakov Sverdlov"

Panopera makore ane gumi namashanu, ngarava wakatumwa kuBaltic Fleet uye raishandiswa kudzidzisa zvinangwa. Muna June 1941, apo ruvengo yakatanga kuyambuka okumabvazuva mberi, kwakasarudzwa vabva wengarava ngarava. The kukupfura yave club uye "Novik". Muparadzi, izvo kwenguva refu akadzivirira vamwe zvikepe minefields, akarova mumwe wangu. Saka kupera nzira ngano.