Mitumbi kwawo vomunharaunda. The rokutonga maitiro the Russian Federation - vanoronga

nyaya iyi ndiyo nyaya vomunharaunda kunopfuura akakodzera sezvo rinorondedzera zvakananga midziyo, uye zvese uye mhando. mamiriro Izvi zvinotigonesa kupa zvakakodzera simba uye kushandisa nyanzvi kudzora zvaidiwa nomutemo.

The rokutonga hurongwa wokuRussia Federation: anorimwa

Nokuti kunzwisisa wenyaya, zvine musoro kuti kuteerera Vhuṱanzi.

MuRussia, sezvo dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, simba rakakamurwa mapazi akawanda: nezvaakatonga, Executive uye kwemitemo. Uye kana isu nezvazvo wokutanga wavo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti voitakura kunze kuburikidza mana anokosha nzvimbo zvekufamba. Ivo:

- yepamutemo;

- tsotsi;

- adhimini;

- yevagari.

Saka, pasi kumatare zvakafanira kunzwisisa chimiro Implementation dzokururamisira. All bhora ichi achiumbwa uye anoshanda pasi murayiro, ine pachena pamutemo miganhu kuti kufungawo Implementation zvose sungiro uye zvakafanira muitiro kodzero vatongi.

The rokutonga hurongwa wokuRussia Federation, zano riri nyore kunzwisisa, rine mbiri uye wehunyambiri weboka simba. Chimiro chinjikira aumbwa matatu anokosha maitiro awo: kuyananisa, reConstitutional Court, uye edzimhosva. Hwaro weboka iri chinokosha musiyano chaizvo mumwe nomumwe munzvimbo.

Nokuti kutsanagura hunyambiri weboka nyaya ino zvakajeka tichaswedera tafura iyi.

Mitumbi kwawo vomunharaunda

mazwi ichi chinoshandiswa kuona miganhu uye nounyanzvi kuronga songaniro vanhu. Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti vomunharaunda pacharo, sezvo nhengo dzayo, inzira kuzvitonga, uyewo nomazviri kuona kuti rusununguko vanhu kuita zvandakatonga bhora. Panguva imwe cheteyo ino Social chinoshamisa yerudzi rutsva uye saka rinoda nguva dzinoongororwa uye - kana zvakakodzera - change.

Zvine musoro kuona kuti miviri nezvakatongwa munharaunda yacho Russian Federation chinhu chinodiwa chivako zvizere kuratidza zvinodiwa vatongi pachavo. chinangwa ichi kunokwanisika nokuzvisarudzira chaicho zvinangwa:

- kudzora maitiro, uyewo zvaidiwa zvinodiwa zvakatendeka akapa navatongi;

- pokuita zvekuvaka, staffing uye rutsigiro kwesangano zvokutonga mabasa chidimbu;

- kana iwe kupara kutyorwa vari kuunzwa kururamisira maererano nomutemo.

Panguva iyoyo achiri kudiwa kuvandudza yacho mashandiro yokupira mutemo dzeutongi sangano, kutsanangura basa raro mukuru mashandiro simba uye consolidating zviri pamutemo.

Panyaya kuita munharaunda, nhengo dzayo dziri vakaziva vatongi vose, kubva izvo mhiko yokuvimbika kwakanga. Kubva mamiriro zvinokwanisika chete nokuda kusarudza kubvisa masimba. Asi zvichida zvagara kuti zvinofanira kufungwa. Zviri pamusoro nokubvisa rukudzo kusiya. Pakadaro, ari nhengo anodzokororwa, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kukwezva mutongi akadaro kushanda, asi, chokwadi, pamwe yake mvumo.

Zvinoumba inotungamirwa

Miviri nezvakatongwa munharaunda yacho Russian Federation (hereinafter oss) Vangave kuumbwa uye zvadaro chete kuita mitemo Rinoongorora Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo uye zvizere uchiwirirana navo.

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka kuti rinogona kurondedzerwa se yavo huru mabasa:

- achinyanya munharaunda vanofanira nechokwadi kuti zvose zvinodiwa zviri akasangana sezvo raanotaura roMutemo Pakutonga Ethics ;

- anokwanisa kudzivirira kodzero vakanakidzwa nevatongi, uyewo zvavanoda, vamwe FL;

- rubatsiro nyanzvi muitiro Kusimudzira kumatare sezvo vakadaro;

- kuita urongwa zviwanikwa zvose zvakakodzera kiyi basa - zviwanikwa, vashandi uye sangano.

mabasa aya kupa pfungwa, nei tichifanira pfungwa oss uye matambudziko vane pamusoro nezvamakatonga hurongwa.

Pokutanga mabasa

Pakupedzisira All-Russian Congress ave zvinofungidzirwa ehurumende uye mabasa vomunharaunda. Zvichienderana ichi ungwaru guruundano vechikamu akaratidza kukoshesa zvakataurwa basa CCA uye mamiriro masangano. Musimboti zvainyanya kukosheswa riri sezvinotevera:

- Zvakakodzera kusimbisa kuzvionera uye rusununguko dzamavanze, sezvo basa rinokosha iri kudyidzana neyokupedzisira pamwe nevarikutonga uye matavi kwemitemo. Uye chinangwa ichi rinoshanda vose vemo uye nechepakati ezvirevo.

- The Zvitunha zvokutonga vomunharaunda vanofanira kuteerera muitiro kuvandudza vasaenderera mutemo Maitiro. Zvinokoshawo kuti zvakarurama kuronga hurongwa rutapudzo, iro rinoshandiswa kuti kutongwa.

- Adversarial muitiro rakanyatsojeka kukosha zvinogonekwa zvokutonga basa, zviri saka zvakakodzera oss.

- Vamwe kuchinja zvinoda Maitiro kuyananisa uye mutemo yevagari. Zvinofanira chinyatsotsanangurwa zvose magetsi nenguva nzira kuti aite rimwe nomazvo dare kugarwa munyaya.

- Not zvisinganyanyi kukosha chinhu kugadzikana dziripo midziyo zvose pfuma uye mari.

- Imwe nharaunda umo hurumende kushanda kwawo munharaunda - yamuro wegadziriro yarongwa mutsika vashandi midziyo uye vashandi vanokwanisa sezvo vakadaro.

- kuchengeteka ngarava uye kudzivirirwa referees nyaya asisina kushanda kwayo, uye saka zvinoda misoro kugadzirisa. Uyezve, pane chinoramba kudiwa dhipuroya ubiquitous mabasa madhipatimendi kuti vari nhengo zvokutonga hurongwa. Zvakakodzera uye kuvandudza kubudiswa nyaya, chiri chimwe chinhu kupfuura mugumisiro pamusoro yaiona uye dzepamutemo ukama.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, nyaya vomunharaunda rinonyatsotarira kubudirira vazhinji zvenzara matambudziko. Ndokusaka anosika miviri iwayo aitaura munyaya ino. Izviwo, panotaura kuti hurumende anofarira unhu uye basa unyanzvi dzamavanze, iro rinogona zvinobudirira kupedza siyana nyaya iri mutemo ano.

Chii nezvakatongwa vomunharaunda

mazwi aya rinoshandiswa kutsanangura mamiriro, iyo achiumbwa wevatongi yeUnited matare siyana zvose uye mhando. Heano vatongi RF nyaya. Pamwe chete vanoumba rokutonga nyika Russia.

Ndicho ichi munharaunda ambotirega nounyanzvi kuronga uye kuongorora basa vatongi munharaunda yose Russian Federation.

Uchifunga mubvunzo uyu, tinogona kutaura kuti munharaunda iyi zvechokwadi dzeutongi, izvo rusununguko hwesangano nenheyo. Kuwedzera vachiongorora basa nhengo dzayo, mamiriro iri vachifunga mhinduro mamwe matambudziko akawanda. Saka, kukura kwebasa basa uye kukwanisa sechivako mune mubvunzo zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura nyore kudzora. It is zvinangwa izvi kubatsirwa zvakanyanya uye akaumbwa pachishandiswa miviri yakasiyana pamusoro zvokutonga vomunharaunda. tsva basa iri nokudzorwa kuMudzidzisi mitemo, izvo, zvisinei, mashizha gwanza kuti zvakaoma kuti zvakafanira zviito. Izvi zvinoita runoenderana iri Implementation vose akakodzera mabasa.

The zvemitemo framework

Association vatongi muchimiro munharaunda iri pasi yakajeka chepamutemo hwaro, kuti chinhu chinokosha chiri mutemo "Pamusoro Pakutonga System of Russian Federation." More zvakananga, ino 29. Kuti rine ruzivo kuti mutongi, vamiririri mumwe mapazi simba, vane kodzero yokutaura zvavanofarira. Zvinangwa izvi, sezvo hwakagadzwa mutemo nezvakatongwa vomunharaunda achiumbwa uye kurondedzerwa hwokuurawa kugona kwake.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti sangano iri kushanda pasi kunyatsoteerera mitemo, saka mukana kuzvimirira chiito Kwabviswa.

matare munharaunda mitumbi Mutemo anosarudza chose zvose pezvokuvamba marongerwo uye mirayiridzo yavo mabasa mukati munharaunda.

Muchikamu ichi yeUnited mitemo Rinotaurawo nyaya nhengo, dzidzo zviremera uye nenheyo kiyi United vatongi. Uyezve, pfungwa misoro yakadai nesimba, kutsunga mirayiro uye nechokwadi kuti masangano zvose kuti inoshandawo munharaunda. Sezvaunogona kuona, kusvikira basa uye kukura kwawo simba ehurumende zvinonyatsoenderana kwazvo. Izviwo, anopa vagari tariro kuratidzwa professionalism iri kumatare.

edzimhosva miviri maitiro

Kuti tinzwisise zvakajeka sei kushandisa chivakwa guru zvakadaro, zvinokosha kuti unyatsoteerera okunze nazvo rinoumbwa. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake nerevane kwayo uye vanoverengeka masimba zvakajeka.

Saka, miviri nezvakatongwa veungano zvinotevera zviitiko:

--Russian All Congress.

- Higher Board of bvunzo, iro basa kutora kodzero bvunzo avo vachiedzesera pambiru mutongi.

- The Council raVatongi, kusarudzwa All-Russian Congress.

- General Assembly.

- The musangano vatongi kushanda munharaunda yacho Russian Federation.

- Vangapinda bhodhi (panewo chepamusorosoro chimiro muviri uye avo nevamwe vari mubasa mundima Russian Federation nyaya).

- pfungwa dzeKomisheni Council chokuita vanotongwa Russian Federation.

- vatongi Kuongorora Committee kushanda mudunhu, inova nyaya Russian Federation.

izvi zvose anosarudza nemamiriro mutemo pamusoro miviri zvokutonga vomunharaunda. On ayo hwaro, chero yaidzorwa basa vatarisana. Mashoko ari pamusoro apa, tinogona kuziva mhando kiyi mitumbi anoumba munharaunda pachayo;

- Qualification Boards;

- Congress;

- Conference;

- Kazhinji misangano;

- ongororo mapuranga;

- zano kuvatongi.

kugoverwa kwakadaro simba kunoita kuti zvakanyanya kuronga uye dzichengete nzvimbo siyana enzanga uye kuponesa mugadziriro kunorondedzerwa mutemo ano.

The mukuru mutumbi nezvakatongwa vomunharaunda

The chivako mu mubvunzo (oss) ndehwokuti kuziva munhu akwanise basa vamiririri rimwe kiyi matavi simba munyika. Iyewo, kunodawo hwakakwana utariri. Ichi chinokosha basa hwakapiwa Board raVatongi. Basa rayo muviri anoita munharaunda pakati All-Russian Congress.

Kana tikatarisa hwezuva nezuva basa kanzuru, ipapo tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti rinotaura zvose zvine chokuita nenzanga. The anosiyiwa ndivo siyana anoenderana kumubvunzo zvinodiwa, vari mubasa runoenzanirana purangazve.

Sezvo chepamusorosoro mutumbi nezvakatongwa munharaunda ndiye Council raVatongi, zvakakodzera kuti vakarongeka kushanda nomazvo kuparadzirwa kwemasimba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mumuviri ichi zvachose 6 zvikamu rinorondedzerwa kushandisa zvinotevera mirayiridzo:

- the pamutemo uye mamiriro vatongi;

- mari;

- kutaura miviri nezvakatongwa munharaunda, vari kumatunhu, uyewo vakuru uye hurumende, makambani dzakawanda uye masangano pachena;

- nyaya yokuti mitemo nezvakatongwa tsika;

- musangano uye vashandi basa.

Status huru kukoshesa yeDare yakapiwa nedanho kubatana pakati kwawo munharaunda uye anokwanisa kutungamirira zvose zviito dzayo.

Kukodzera Collegium

chikamu ichi vatongi vemunharaunda masangano anokonzera avo mabasa kuti murege kuwira pasi basa racho bhodhi. Kana kuteerera Federal Mutemo iri miviri matare munharaunda, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, Article 18, pamusoro nyaya chinzvimbo, zvinokwanisika kuziva zvinotevera mabasa megomba mapuranga:

- kuita advertising vatongi uye mabasa kwavari unyanzvi chaizvo;

- kugumiswa kana kuturika kwemasimba;

- mbuva kutapata vatongi, mune mamwe mazwi, avo kudzivirira;

- nomazvo vakasarudzwa musarudzo kuti vanyatsokwanisa anogona kuita mabasa mutongi;

- kugumiswa yokurega.

Kuti vasarudze Qualification Board chinoenda All-Russian Congress. Nokudaro chiitiko ichi chinofanira kuva pane imwe muzvitatu uwandu vatongi, wakaumbwa munharaunda. High Qualification Board inogona vakasarudzwa vamiririri mhando dzose midziyo: muchiuto, uye vamwe vakawanda kuyananisa.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chokwadi chokuti sarudzo panguva reCongress ane pachivande format.

Kuti vave nechokwadi kuti vemunharaunda zvose zvinogona kuita zvizere mabasa avo huripo mutemo zvakajeka masimba kwawo vomunharaunda. Vanorondedzerwa zvizere kuMudzidzisi noMutemo. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa shoma chikamu chokuita Supreme Qualification Collegium. muviri ichi anekodzero:

- The Kuongorora mashoko pamusoro maitiro ane mutongi Hakupindirani pamwe Code, yakabudiswa vezvenhau. Zviito izvi kubatsira kudzivisa kurerutsa simba zvokutonga zviremera.

- Kudzidza mafomu ose musarudzo upi nzvimbo mukati hurongwa.

- Chiziviso munhau kuti paiva mabasa anokosha zvepamusoro paruvazhe mhando dzakasiyana.

- Zvisarudzo pamusoro kugumiswa kana kuturika kwemasimba enyika Sachigaro Supreme Court of Russian Federation.

- Implementation of zvinodiwa advertising vatongi.

- basa yokutanga uye yepamusoro zvinodiwa kirasi uye nevamwe.

Sezvaunogona kuona, pamazita masimba kwete chete ane miganhu zvakajeka, asi chaizvoizvo ari hwakadzama mufananidzo pamusoro dzichipfekeka mitoro yakati nhengo munharaunda.

zvabuda

The rokutonga gadziriro yacho Russian Federation achiri anofanira kuchinja uye kuongorora mabasa vatongi pamwero yakasiyana-siyana.

Hurumende, akavapindurawo, atora danho kune pundutso paakasika nzanga kuti inodzora uye anoumba basa rimwe kiyi matavi simba munyika.