Misimboti mutemo mutero, zvekumashure, paumbwe nesayenzi zvoupfumi

Scientific retrospective Kuongororwa mutemo mutero hazvibviri pasina kufunga yokumwe ruzivo mune zvesayenzi mumunda kutsvakurudza zvoupfumi uye zvemari. Kunzwisisa mutero sechinhu chakakosha chepfungwa mamiriro akapa pave vanoverengeka akasiyana pfungwa maonero pamusoro pezvawakaita, chinangwa, zvakakodzera muunganidzwa mashandiro, yepamutemo yokuti kusabatanidzwa, navadzidzisi marongerwo uye nenheyo mitero. Kana sayenzi zvoupfumi vari kugara kutsvaka nheyo vaigona kupindura mubvunzo: sei kuzoumba misimboti mashandiro anoita mutemo mutero, sei zvakanakisisa mitero, kuramba pakuenzanisa paruzhinji uye pasiri mari, ari jurisprudence kuedza kupindura mubvunzo sei waidzora mabasa akadai apo kuramba kubvumirana private uye paruzhinji zvido.

Social noukama akapararira munyika dzokuEurope nguva XVIII - XIX emakore. uye tsika achitora mitero, yekudyidzana mberi zvesayenzi nebudiriro nevafungi mumunda mitero, iyo chamuita kuti chidzoke dzakasiyana pfungwa maonero nezvokudiwa, kururamisira uye kunzwisisa Tsika achitora mitero hurumende. Nomination dzakasiyana pokuti chii chinofanira kuva misimboti mutemo mutero, kwakaitika yechinangwa zvemari pfungwa.

Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya hazvirevi runosanganisirawo kusashandisa kudzidza yakatodzama nheyo mitero pasi mutero mutemo. zvinotevera zvikonzero zvinogona kururamiswa nechinzvimbo ichi:

- Chekutanga, sayenzi yomutero mutemo iri zvakananga kuwirirana pamwe sayenzi zvoupfumi mune mitero, nokuti nyaya kutsvakurudza, dzinokosha pfungwa mutero mitemo yakatangwa nokupesvedzera zvoupfumi uye musangano zvigadziko mitero, chii uye riri uye nenheyo mutero mutemo uye nhungamiro mutero kuzvidzora ;

- chepiri mutero kururamiswa mashandiro ari hurumende pamwero hazvibviri pasina murau pamutemo;

- Chechitatu, pane kuparadzana pfungwa uye zviga mitero zvinodiwa nomutemo mutero. First - ichi ndicho chinokosha pfungwa zvoupfumi hunhu, akagadzira pachishandiswa kuMudzidzisi tsika. Vanopa simuka mumwe Chiitiko - the dzemunharaunda uye zvokudya mitemo yemitero.

Paumbwe uye kwaita dzidziso mitero rave rakagara richidudzirwa akataura dzidziso Adam Smith. Akatanga articulated misimboti zvina mitero, iyo vakazonzi kunzi "Declaration of kodzero mitero" uye kunyanya akadzivirira zvido mitero. Kukosha Adam Smith handiyo yokutanga, nheyo kubudirana pachena, uye chaiwo akashandiswa zvavo kugutsikana.

misimboti iyi mutemo mutero dzinosanganisira: nheyo kururamisira, nheyo mutero chokwadi, nheyo kuripwa nyore, nheyo upfumi.

Pfungwa yeruramisiro Ibasa vagari chero ehurumende kuita mari yokupedzisira zvakaenzanirana kwaniso yavo yekubhadhara. Maererano dzidziso Adam Smith rokutanga musimboti unoenderana muitiro Proportional mitero, musimboti unova basa iri mitero yakasiyana mari kusvika hurumende bhajeti kupa akaenzana mugove.

Vamwe nemitero sevanhu chikamu vasiri pakagadzwa ane nokusingagumi mutero, kureva, chinofanira ane muripo mari, nguva uye nzira muripo.

Zviri kuripwa zvivanakire nheyo kuti mutero zvinofanira kuzviuru panguva yakakunakira nguva yokuti payer uye chinonyanya zvakakunakira nzira.

Uye pakupedzisira, nheyo upfumi kunoda minimization kuti mari nokuda kubviswa yemutero.

Panguva ino padariro kukura evanhu ukama musimboti kururamisira, asi haana kurasa yaro yepakutanga zvinoreva, asi kwave kuchiita chikuru kusanduka nokuda kuchinja mamiriro ari zvoupfumi, zvemitemo uye magariro pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. It runoonekwa nenzira mbiri: yakatambarara uye vertically. Musimboti nheyo kururamisira "chinjikira" ndizvo zvinotevera: nyaya iri imwe nzvimbo uye kuraswa mari rechipiri chete mutero nechigadziko, vanofanira kubhadhara sandarara mutero. The musimboti wokururamisira "kutwasuka" rinoreva kuti nyaya zvivako mumuviri zvakasiyana kunodiwa dzokurasa akasiyana kukura yavanotambira.

Saka akafunga zvidzidzo kukosha enhoroondo nhaka zveupfumi uye zvemari hunhu, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, maererano nechokwadi yokuberekwa uye kukura ane upfumi qualitatively chitsva panguva vakanga zvedzidziso dzakabudirira pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvimwe Misimboti mutemo mutero, inova mugumisiro yesayenzi uye anoshanda kunzwisisa uye kuongorora mutero aiita pakati pehurumende uye nzanga.