Surgery - Chii ichocho? Types uye zvokukura maoparesheni

Pfungwa yokuti 'kuvhiya kushanda "- dzakashandisa mutauro Russian muGiriki anoreva kuti" kuita ruoko. " Kubva pamazuva muGirisi yekare, zvakatora makore akawanda, uye nhasi kuvhiyiwa - siyana zvinokonzerwa kugara munyama, umo kutsiurwa basa yose muviri. In nedanho zvinyama kwacho vari akochonorwa, akatamira uye zvine zvakare.

nyaya nhoroondo

The kutaurwa kuvhiyiwa rokutanga chokuita VI remakore BC. e. Kubvira pakutanga nguva vanhu vakarega ropa, kutarisira maronda uye akadzvinyirirwa kana akagura njodzi richiripo neronda rinonyenga. Vanyori mushonga kuti ipapo varapi refu asati auya yedu vakakwanisa kuita craniotomy, kuvakanganise mapfupa wakaputsika uye kunyange ... kubvisa gallbladder.

In mabhuku ose vane yekare mutsara nhoroondo mushonga kuti ane banga, uye shoko uswa ari chiremba zvombo. Kubvira kare nanhasi banga - zvino ayo analogs Chokwadi - pakutanga. Operation - ndiwo nzira inonyanya kukuru yokurapa, izvo zvinoita munhu kubvisa chirwere nokusingaperi. Kunotangwa kupfuura mimwe kuvhiyiwa, Hippocrates, Galen uye Celsus.

Yakanakisisa Russian chiremba akanga Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, ane guva zvinyoronyoro akaramba ari winery. Nokuti ake ekare pfuma achiri vakasununguka hama Caring ivavo akaporesa uye kuponeswa kubva murufu. Kana chiremba mukuru kubatsira vavakidzani vavo pasina muripo - uye vachayeuka kusvikira ikozvino. Pizza akabvisa gallbladder muna 40 masekonzi, ruoko rwake anogona kuonekwa crypt - pamwe refu, mutete minwe.

Analgesia kana yokutindivadza

Chero oparesheni - kuchikonzerwa kurwadziwa. On nokurwadziwa zvinyama mhenyu zvaanoita spasm uye kuderera ropa kuparadzirwa, saka kubvisa marwadzo - chinonyanya basa pakuvhiya. isu zvasvika mashoko nhoroondo kuti rakashandiswa kumadzibaba edu kuti analgesia: decoctions zvinomera ine marwadzo zvinhu, doro, mbanje, uye kutonhora compression rwengarava ropa.

Budiriro kwakaitika kuvhiyiwa pakati pezana XIX remakore, apo nitrous oxide yakavhurwa, diethyl Eteri uye ipapo chloroform. Rave richishandiswa kubvira panguva iyoyo, vakawanda yokutindivadza. Papera chinguva, vanovhiya akaona kokeini mupfungwa kuti fuma anaesthetises tishu munharaunda. Kokeini kushandiswa anogona kunzi kutanga yomunharaunda - conductors uye infiltration - yokutindivadza.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rapfuura zvinosanganisira kuwanikwa tsandanyama relaxants kana zvinhu kuti anogona kuvakanganise netsandanyama. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, anesthesiology akamira kunze ari oga nesayenzi yezvokurapa uye basa, ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe pakuvhiya.

Modern Kuvhiya - chine unyanzvi kubva kumapazi akasiyana-siyana mishonga. Tinogona kutaura kuti ndiye kwetunhu vaunganidza ruzivo rwokurapa.

Surgery: Types remapazi

Govera kupatsanura kubudikidza hunhu kupindira kwacho uye zvokukura pakunamata.

By hunhu hwokushanda zvinogona kukuru, symptomatic kana palliative.

Yakakura Kuvhiya - ndiko kuchaitwa kwakakwana pathological muitiro. A muenzaniso chaiwo - achibvisa zvomoto okuwedzera ari rikwanise appendicitis.

Symptomatic - ndiye kubviswa kupfuura mwoyo zviratidzo chirwere. Somuenzaniso, mune rectal kenza yakazvimirira defecation hazvibviri, uye chiremba anotora utano chikamu muura kusvika Anterior abdominal rusvingo. Zvichienderana ezvinhu bundu murwere vanobviswa panguva imwechete kana kuti gare gare. Hworudzi urwu palliative abut uyewo yokubvisa siyana yematambudziko.

The rokukurumidzira uye zvokuwedzera kuvhiyiwa

Dzimwe murwere kunoda kukurumidza kuvhiyiwa. Mhando Emergency Operations kunze nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, vanofanira kuchengetedza upenyu. konikotomiya ichi kana tracheostomy rokudzorera yemweya ponji pamusoro pleural mhango panguva hemothorax zvinouraya uye vamwe.

Emergency Kuvhiya anogona kunonoka kusvika maawa 48. Muenzaniso - renal colic, ureteral mabwe. Kana uri yaitwa kuchinja kurapwa murwere anokundikana "asununguke" kuti ibwe, zvakakodzera arubvise surgically.

Zvokuwedzera Kuvhiya zvinoitwa kana dzimwe nzira kuvandudza utano ikoko, uye zvakananga upenyu, zvakare, haako. Somuenzaniso, imwe kuvhiya oparesheni yakadaro - kubviswa kwenguva mutsinga vane chirwere venous insufficiency. Uyewo, vakaronga kuti kubvisa cysts uye benign anomera.

Surgery: kutengeserana mifananidzo, zvokukura kuvhiya

Kunze pamusoro mhando kushanda kunogona kuva single- kana multi-danho. Mune dzimwe nzendo runogona rokuvakazve nhengo pashure kutsva kana kunotevera, ndinobvisa ganda batanidza zvokugadzirisa kuremara tishu.

Chero kuvhiyiwa kuitwa 3 mumatanho: kuita kuvhiya kusvika, kushanda unyanzvi uye goho. Access - ichi zvakawanikwa chirwere yatanga, ari kwetsinga kuti munyama kutaura. Rubvumo - ndiyo kubviswa chaiyo kana misha kuti rinenge uye goho - imwe stapling akaturikidzana zvose tishu.

Operation imwe neimwe nhengo ine maitiro ayo. Somuenzaniso, pakuvhiya muuropi kazhinji zvinoda craniotomy, nekuti unoda kuvhura pfupa ndiro pakutanga kuti kuenda muuropi fuma.

Panguva padariro operative outputs vari zvakabatana midziyo ropa, tsinga, zvikamu mhango nhengo, tsandanyama, fascia uye ganda. All pamwe ane ronda postoperative, zvinoda kungwarira kugadzira kuporeswa.

How kuderedza muviri zvinokuvadza?

mubvunzo uyu chichikusvota vanovhiya nguva dzose. Pane akavhiyiwa kuti akafanana ari kunotevera hwavo chirwere. Chokwadi chokuti haana muviri wose anokwanisa nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka kurarama akuvara vakagamuchira pakuvhiya. Munzvimbo umo maronda vari kuumbwa heniya, suppuration, gobvu nonabsorbable mavanga dzinotyora nhego chaitika. Uyezve, sutures zvingasiyana kana asvinudzwe ropa kubva kukuvara tsinga.

yematambudziko zvose izvi zvinokonzera vanovhiya kuderedza kukura incision kuti zvinobvira mashoma.

Saka pakanga chikamu Kuvhiya chairo - mikroinvazivny, apo incision diki paganda uye tsandanyama mumba izvo endoscopic michina.

endoscopic kuvhiya

Ichi rinokosha kuvhiyiwa. Types uye nzendo dzake dzimwe. Panguva kupindira zvakanyanya kukosha zvakarurama chirwere chirwere chacho.

The chiremba anopinda kuburikidza incision diki kana ponji, raiva pasi mapazi uye nyama ganda, anoona kuburikidza mavhidhiyo kamera wakaiswa pamusoro endoscope. Ibid akaisa paddles kana zviduku zvishandiso: nembato, zvamagonhi uye okusungisa, nako inobvisa hosha zvinyama zvikamu kana rose nhengo.

Endoscopic pokuvhiyiwa vakava massively kushandiswa kubva yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura.

pasina kuisira ropa

Iyi ndiyo nzira rokuponesa ropa murwere pachake pakuvhiya. Nzira iri zvinowanzoshandiswa mu cardiac kuvhiyiwa. Kana ropa mwoyo kuvhiyiwa murwere pachake inounganidzwa mune extracorporeal redunhu, iro akaramba ropa riyerere yose muviri. Pashure pokuvhiyiwa, ropa anodzokera rayo dzinongoitika kosi.

A kuoma chaizvo urongwa kuvhiya kwakadaro. Types remapazi, matanho ayo takatsunga ne Kunyanya mamiriro nhengo. Izvi haambotauri kudiwa kushandisa kurasikirwa neropa uye kuwedzerwa ropa. Yakadaro Kupindira unoitwa zvichibvira panguva mhesano pamwe kuvhiyiwa TRANSFUSIOLOGY - sayenzi kuisirwa anyatsoronga ropa.

ropa womumwe - hakusi ruponeso chete, asiwo vamwe vanhu antibodies, nemavhairasi uye dzimwe dzimwe zvinoriumba. Kunyange kunyatsofungisisa kugadzirira anyatsoronga ropa haisi nguva zvinogoneka kudzivisa migumisiro yakaipa.

vascular kuvhiya

Chikamu ichi Kuvhiya ano yakabatsira kunze upenyu zhinji. Nheyo zviri nyore - kudzorerwa ropa riyerere nemidziyo dambudziko. In atherosclerosis, mwoyo kurwiswa kana kukuvara munzira ropa kuyerera zvipingamupinyi muka. It hwakazara okisijeni nenzara uye pakupedzisira muchitokisi rufu uye zvinyama anoumbwa pavo.

Kudzorera ropa kuyerera nenzira mbiri: pokugadzwa munhu stent kana batanidza.

Stent - resimbi puranga riri achisunda madziro mudziyo uye chinonditadzisa spasm kwayo. The stent wakagarira apo madziro midziyo ropa zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa. The stent Kazhinji kuisa varwere mudiki.

Kana mudziyo masvingo vakashamiswa atherosclerotic muitiro kana chirwere kuzvimba, ipapo vasisavadi navo zvisingabviri. Muchiitiko chino, kuumba workaround ropa kana shunt. Kuti aite izvi, kutora chikamu femoral tsinga uye ropa pamusoro payo, tichidzivisa kukodzera nzvimbo.

Shunting Beauty

Ndiwo chinozivikanwa zvikuru kuvhiya, Photo vanhu, akanga ndavhiyiwa, yakapenya pamusoro mapeji mumapepanhau nemagazini. Rinoshandiswa kuti kurapa kufutisa uye kutaipa 2 chirwere cheshuga. Zvose izvi zvinhu zvinobatana pamwe chirwere nokudyisa. Munguva mashandiro mudumbu mugove inoganhurana yegurokuro, kuti ventricle aumbwa duku, inokwana kwete kupfuura 50 ml chikafu. Anotsigirwa nokuda ura duku. Duodenum uye kutevera ura arambe kubatanidzwa mune kugaya zvokudya, sezvo nzvimbo iyi wanamatira pazasi.

Patient avhiyiwa kwakadaro kunogona kudya zvishoma uye anorasikirwa 80% kurema akare. Zvinoda rinokosha kudya, muchifumiswa pamwe mapuroteni uye mavhitaminzi. Vamwe kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro zvechokwadi upenyu-achichinja, asi pane varwere vanogona kutambanudzira kuti ventricle aumbwa artificially zvinenge ayo ekare miganhu.

zvomusejari zvishamiso

Modern ruzivo kubvumira kuti zvishamiso. In nhau zvino uye ipapo chikamupenyera mishumo kujairika kupindira yapera zvinobudirira. Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi yapfuura vanovhiya Spanish kubva Malaga aiva murwere kuvhiyiwa uropi, umo operable vairidza saxophone.

Nyanzvi French akaita nokuisazve munyama chiso kubva 2005. Zvichitevera pavo maxillofacial vanovhiya zvose pamusoro repot simbi ganda uye tsandanyama pachiso pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu muviri, mukudzoserwa vakarasika pashure akuvara uye tsaona chitarisiko.

Kuvhiya ... kunyange mudumbu. Pane zviitiko apo chibereko abviswa dumbu, kubviswa bundu kwakaitwa uye fetus vakadzokera shure. Akaberekerwa upenyu hwenguva refu utano mwana - yakanaka chiremba mubayiro.

Science kana iwe?

Zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo uyu zvisingarevi zvakawanda. Surgery - a Fusion zivo, ruzivo uye unhu chiremba pachavo. Imwe kutya kutora pangozi, uye umwe kuita zvose zvinobvira uye hazviiti kubva mukwende ane panguva.

Last nguva Nobel Prize muna Surgery paakavapa muna 1912 ari wokuFrance Alexis Carrel basa rake pamusoro vascular suture uye ari transplantation zvomukati. Kubvira ipapo, makore anopfuura 100 zvomusejari kubudirira hadzina paakavapa kufarira Nobel Committee. Zvisinei, mumwe 5 makore kunorapwa ngapaonekwe zvigadzirwa, zvinoshamisa nani migumisiro yacho. Saka, kukudziridza nokukurumidza Laser Kuvhiya achibvumira kuburikidza tuduku cheka kubvisa intervertebral heniya, "sasana" BPH "solder" thyroid cysts. The Mhedziso kusabereka pamusoro lasers vavo kukwanisa weld midziyo kubvumira chiremba kubata-siyana zvirwere.

A chiremba anonzi nhasi haisi uwandu mibayiro uye mibayiro, uye uwandu akaponesa upenyu uye utano wevarwere.