Kristofer Tolkin, mwanakomana worugotwe JRR Tolkien. Biography

Kristofer Tolkin (ona pazasi mufananidzo.) - gotwe JRR Tolkien, munyori iconic mabasa akadai se "The Ishe Rings", "The Hobbit, kana Ikoko uye Back Zvekare" uye "The Silmarillion". Christopher akapedza akakura wedzero basa konekwa mabasa ababa vake. With anodhinda ichi kubva "The Silmarillion", "History of Middle-pasi", tsamba essays, Tolkien Sr. uye dzimwe mabasa ake chaiko.

Biography

Kristofer Ruel Tolkien akaberekwa Chirungu muguta Leeds muna 1924. Pazera 19, panguva Second World War, iye wechi panhengo zvamambo avhiyesheni uye dzimwe nguva aipedza vari muchiuto. Pashure pokukunda of chingashamwaridzana mauto hwakatamisirwa chengetedza.

Vapedzerana basa sezvo mutyairi wendege muchiuto, Kristofer Tolkin akaenda makwara yababa vake. Muna 1949 chikoro Oxford University aine dhigirii mu "Chirungu". Makore mashomanana gare gare akagamuchira chechipiri dhigirii mabhuku. Muna 60 - 70s, iye akabata chete pambiru sezvo baba vake - aiva purofesa Chirungu paUniversity of Oxford.

Wedzero basa mabasa ababa vake

Kutaura zvazviri, basa iri mabasa mwanakomana JRR Tolkien kuti Christopher akatanga ake kubva pauduku, apo aiva muteereri wokutanga uye muverengi nengano Bilbo Baggins, akazova yokufungidzira "The Hobbit, kana Ikoko uye zvakare." Mumakore gumi namashanu pabasa iri "Ishe Rings," mwanakomana worugotwe Baba vakapa zvakawanda dzinovaka kutsoropodza uye akabatsira kuumba munhu mepu rakazara Middle-pasi, iyo inoshandiswa nanhasi.

Apo Christopher akauya zera - muEngland muna '21 - baba vangu akamukoka kuti kutora chikamu mune kumisangano "Inklings" tsvimbo pa Oxford. Young Christopher vaiitawo munhaurirano chaiko nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana pamwe nehofori yacho Genre kuti "mukuru kufungidzira" vakadaro Klayv Lyuis, Charlz Uilyams uye Rodzher achisekerera. High mabhuku zvinangwa ari baba vake vakaroorana pamusoro kirabhu akaita mwoyo Christopher uye akamubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani basa baba vake, izvo zvinozoita kuti akwanise kuunganidza, Edit (uye dzimwe nguva kuwedzera) uye kusunungura anodhinda konekwa zvirongwa JRR Tolkien.

Hard basa Christopher Tolkien mafeni kuti "Ishe Rings" vanosungirwa iconic mabasa akadai se "The Silmarillion", "Vana Hurin" uye akapfuma wemabhuku nyaya dzinoratidza nhoroondo Middle-pasi. Kuwedzera basa rakaoma iri pakusikwa mepu, Christopher, pahwaro zvinyorwa zvababa vake, vakaunganidza munhu akapfuma kwazvo mashoko ose mitauro nevagari ichi kondinendi mashiripiti.

"The Silmarillion"

Pakafa J. R. R. Tolkien pamafudzi mwanakomana wake Christopher akaenda rakaoma - kusunungura anodhinda konekwa bhuku kuti vanobudisa "The Hobbit" uye "Ishe," pakutanga akarambwa. Christopher akashandisa basa mangwanani kuti baba vake rinonzi "The Book warasikirwa Tales," drafts "The Silmarillion" uye akaratidza chido baba vake maererano bhuku rake.

"The Silmarillion" ndiyo nyaya Arda - nyika, chikamu chiri Middle-pasi. Bhuku ine zvikamu zvishanu:

• "Rwiyo Ainur, kana Ainulindale" - rinotiudza nezvokusikwa kwenyika achibatsirwa nziyo Ilúvatar uye Ainur. Rinotaura nezvokusikwa Ea - muchadenga umo dingindira yokutanga marimba wakatangwa na Iluvatar (musiki), uye vakanonga Ainur (mauto) akasika Arda - zvinoonekwa vakanzwisisa nyika. Chechipiri dingindira mumhanzi akapa hurukuro ino, uye zvakawanda simba nerimwe Ainur. Wechitatu dingindira yakanga dzinoimbwa Iluvatar oga uye akabereka vana Ilúvatar, Elves (dangwe) uye vanhu (venyama).
• "Valakventa, kana nhoroondo Valar" - dzakaunganidzwa nokurondedzerwa uye rondedzero yacho Valar, iyo Maiar, uye Melkor. Maererano chikamu "The Silmarillion" rechipiri, vaya Ainur aida kuenda kundosangana dangwe Arda, vakasunungurwa kubva Iluvatar Ea uye akava akasiyana maitiro. Elves ainzi chaikosha dzavo, kana pamatunhu elven - Valar. Vane vabatsiri, vaduku simba uye simba - Maillard. Morgoth - rimwe simba kupfuura Ainur, Ilúvatar vasingateereri, uyo akaita dissonance zvokuimba yake akasiya Ea. The kumumvuri of yebhaibheri Lucifer, akava tateguru zvakaipa Arda uye muvengi chikuru pamusoro Valar.
• "Quenta Silmarillion, kana nhoroondo Silmarils" - nyaya Zvishongo vakasikwa Feanor elven mhizha, iyo rakaramba nechiedza Arda. Ndiyo unorema kubva "Silmarillion", iyo inorondedzera zvose Age Wokutanga.
• "Akallabêth kana nokuwa Númenor" - nyaya, nyaya iri mwana wechipiri Iluvatar - vanhu. Chikamu rwechina nezvokusikwa mukuru umambo hwavo, ayo ichatonga zvine mbiri, kuderera uye kuondomoka, izvo zvakaita nokuvigwa Valinor - nyika Valar - mhiri Arda.
• "Musi Ring Simba" - chokupedzisira chebhuku rinotaura pamusoro zviitiko Third Age, zvishoma kutaurwa "The Hobbit" uye "Ishe Rings."

"The History of Middle-pasi"

Kudeuka purojekiti wedzero basa Christopher Tolkien pasi rokuti "History of Middle-pasi," zvinosanganisira mavhoriyamu 12. Ari paakanga afa rakabudiswa muunganidzwa kunosanganisira zvose mabasa vokutanga Dzhona Tolkina, uyewo drafts ake, anoti, essays uye tsamba rakapepetwa Kristofer Tolkin. mukadzi Christopher yakanga yatsidzira mutsamba yake kuna vapepeti tezvara.

Akatevedzana haritsigiri chairo storyline uye nguva dzose kuti Genre, kusanganisira imwe nhetembo, rwiyo, nhetembo uye nhau. Mavhoriyamu maviri "History" tanga kuita mabasa Tolkien Sr. mangwanani uye manheru, iye akanga akaunganidza mu "The Book kurasika Tales."

"Kurasika Tales"

Mushure Bhuku "The Silmarillion" mumaoko Christopher awana mamwe drafts shoma uye muzvinyorwa uchishandisa nguva nyaya, nechekare kusunungurwa mubhuku. Maererano Tolkien, Jr., kana zvinyorwa izvi dzaanadzo paaishanda pane "The Silmarillion", bhuku kunge akasiyana zvachose.

At paro, mavhoriyamu maviri "History of Middle-pasi" wokutanga pamusoro chete zviitiko sezvo "Silmarillion", asi pamwe zvinokosha kuwedzererwa uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunyange musiyano. Dzhon Tolkin kazhinji akachinja mazita nenzvimbo uye vanhu Middle-pasi uye Arda, saka, inobudiswa "The Book warasikirwa Tales" drafts kunyonganisa anotevedzana storyline uye vemungano zvakasikwa. Ndicho chikonzero Christopher akanga rwakakura basa nokupa zvisikwa mangwanani tsanangudzo baba vavo uye nezvemakwikwi nemabasa pashure.

"Vana Hurin"

Zvinofungidzirwa nganonyorwa iri iyo baba Tolkien vakatanga kushanda hwake uye akaramba konekwa. The inosuruvarisa nokuTurin Turambar uye Nienor akanga konekwa Christopher Tolkien kuti bhuku nyaya uye akasunungura kudhindwa muna 2007. Maererano Christopher, zvimwe zvinhu rangano aifanira kuvaka pamusoro pacharo.

Copyright uye chinovhara neshanduro

Sezvo Christopher ndiye chete mwana Dzhona Tolkina, akanga Chief Executive mukuru Fund Tolkien Estates, tinazvo Copyrights kune mabasa munyori. Panyaya iyi, kwemakore akawanda kwaiva nematambudziko, kunyanya pamusoro kwadzakabva kuti "The Hobbit" uye "Ishe Rings", iro zvakasimba Tolkin Kristofer. Zvisinei, kodzero kuti pachake nhoroondo pamusoro sefa, Makatengeswa panguva upenyu hwababa vake.

taura pamusoro firimu kwadzakabva kuti "Ishe" First akaenda kunyange apo vapenyu waiva munyori yokufungidzira, izvo zvinokosha nezvenyu, akanga asiri chaiyo chaizvo pfungwa Zvisinei kuita firimu, uye havana kurwisa. Dzhon Tolkin imwe nguva kunyange aiitawo basa iri script for inoshandiswa pakutsigira firimu, asi iye akafa, uye vasina nguva kupedza basa kusvikira pakuguma.

Zvisinei, munyori, akakwanisa kutengesa firimu kodzero, uye pashure pokufa kwake mari yakanga akatenga mazita uye vatambi, maererano nako Kristofer Tolkin haana simba pamusoro zviri mafirimu mumabasa maviri akabudiswa pakararama baba vake.

Kunwa adaptations Peter Jackson

Pasinei yokuti trilogy "Ishe Rings" Peter Jackson ari kwose kuzivikanwa sezvo zvakanakisisa zviripo adaptations, Tolkin Kristofer, ane vana vakashanda pamwe chete nevashandi vomungarava, zvikuru nehasha akashora yakakanganiswa kududzirwa basa. Mubvunzurudzo chete pepanhau LeMonde iye chema kuti "Ishe" - haisi chigadzirwa mu "chiito" Genre, haana kunyorwa yakanaka thriller, asi zvikuru kunzwisisa mashandiro kuti anogona kukanganisa maonero enyika. Piter Dzhekson trilogy kubviswa zvose zvikuru yakadzama uye kunzwisisa uye akafunga kuita nyore firimu vechidiki.

Mafungiro akadaro basa wekambani uye kusiyana noruremekedzo kuti firimu kambani mhosva zvakaita kuti incandescent kukakavadzana uye litigation, izvo yekudyidzana kufambira "The Hobbit" filming uye chamuita kuti mhando yokurwisana "pamusoro Kristofer Tolkin, Peter Jackson."